1
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Liao S, Wu G, Xie Z, Lei X, Yang X, Huang S, Deng X, Wang Z, Tang G. pH regulators and their inhibitors in tumor microenvironment. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 267:116170. [PMID: 38308950 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
As an important characteristic of tumor, acidic tumor microenvironment (TME) is closely related to immune escape, invasion, migration and drug resistance of tumor. The acidity of the TME mainly comes from the acidic products produced by the high level of tumor metabolism, such as lactic acid and carbon dioxide. pH regulators such as monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX), and Na+/H+ exchange 1 (NHE1) expel protons directly or indirectly from the tumor to maintain the pH balance of tumor cells and create an acidic TME. We review the functions of several pH regulators involved in the construction of acidic TME, the structure and structure-activity relationship of pH regulator inhibitors, and provide strategies for the development of small-molecule antitumor inhibitors based on these targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senyi Liao
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Guang Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Zhizhong Xie
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Xiaoyong Lei
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Sheng Huang
- Jiuzhitang Co., Ltd, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China
| | - Xiangping Deng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhe Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Guotao Tang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
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2
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Kabara KB, Karale RR, Alwaleedy S, Roy BR, Kumbharkhane AC, Sarode AV. Low-temperature Structural Dynamics of Isatin in Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) Using Dielectric Spectroscopy. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2023.2174148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Komal B. Kabara
- School of Physical Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded, India
| | - Ravikant R. Karale
- School of Physical Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded, India
| | - Suad Alwaleedy
- School of Physical Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded, India
| | - Bunty Rani Roy
- Department of Physical Sciences, Kakatiya Institute of Technology and Science, Warangal, India
| | - Ashok C. Kumbharkhane
- School of Physical Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded, India
| | - Arvind V. Sarode
- School of Physical Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded, India
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3
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Akki M, Reddy DS, Katagi KS, Kumar A, Babagond V, Munnolli RS, Joshi SD. Coumarin-Pyrazole Linked Carbodithioates as Potential Anti-Сancer Agents: Design, Synthesis, Biological, and Molecular Docking Investigation. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363222100231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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4
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Mohamud A, Zeghal M, Patel S, Laroche G, Blgacim N, Giguère PM. Functional Characterization of Sodium Channel Inhibitors at the Delta-Opioid Receptor. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:16939-16951. [PMID: 35647460 PMCID: PMC9134235 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c07226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Existing pharmacotherapies acting on the opioid receptor system have been extensively used to treat chronic pain and addictive disorders. Nevertheless, the adverse side effects associated with opioid therapy underscore the need for concerted measures to develop safer analgesics. A promising avenue of research stems from the characterization of a sodium-dependent allosteric regulation site housed within the delta-opioid receptor and several other G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), thereby revealing the presence of a cluster of sodium and water molecules lodged in a cavity thought to be present only in the inactive conformation of the receptor. Studies into the structure-function relationship of said pocket demonstrated its critical involvement in the functional control of GPCR signaling. While the sodium pocket has been proposed to be present in the majority of class A GPCRs, the shape of this allosteric cavity appears to have significant structural variation among crystallographically solved GPCRs, making this site optimal for the design of new allosteric modulators that will be selective for opioid receptors. The size of the sodium pocket supports the accommodation of small molecules, and it has been speculated that promiscuous amiloride and 5'-substituted amiloride-related derivatives could target this cavity within many GPCRs, including opioid receptors. Using pharmacological approaches, we have described the selectivities of 5'-substituted amiloride-related derivatives, as well as the hitherto undescribed activity of the NHE1 inhibitor zoniporide toward class A GPCRs. Our investigations into the structural features of the delta-opioid receptor and its ensuing signaling activities suggest a bitopic mode of overlapping interactions involving the orthosteric site and the juxtaposed Na+ pocket, but only at the active or partially active opioid receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhamid
O. Mohamud
- Department
of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H8M5, Canada
| | - Manel Zeghal
- Department
of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H8M5, Canada
| | - Shivani Patel
- Department
of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H8M5, Canada
| | - Geneviève Laroche
- Department
of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H8M5, Canada
| | - Nuria Blgacim
- Department
of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H8M5, Canada
| | - Patrick M. Giguère
- Department
of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H8M5, Canada
- Brain
and Mind Research Institute, University
of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H8M5, Canada
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5
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Martínez-Rojas VA, Salinas-Abarca AB, Gómez-Víquez NL, Granados-Soto V, Mercado F, Murbartián J. Interaction of NHE1 and TRPA1 Activity in DRG Neurons Isolated from Adult Rats and its Role in Inflammatory Nociception. Neuroscience 2021; 465:154-165. [PMID: 33957206 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel is expressed in a subset of nociceptive neurons. This channel integrates several nociceptive signals. Particularly, it is modulated by intracellular pH (pHi). Na+/H+ exchanger 1 (NHE1) contributes to the maintenance of pHi in nociceptors. However, it is currently unknown whether the interaction between TRPA1 and NHE1 contributes to the nociceptive processing. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess the functional interaction between NHE1 and TRPA1 in small dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons from primary culture obtained from adult rats. Moreover, we also evaluated their possible interaction in acute and inflammatory pain. Zoniporide (selective NHE1 inhibitor) reduced pHi and increased intracellular calcium in a concentration-dependent fashion in DRG neurons. Zoniporide and allyl isothiocyanate (AITC, TRPA1 agonist) increased calcium transients in the same DRG neuron, whereas that A-967079 (TRPA1 antagonist) prevented the effect of zoniporide in DRG neurons. Repeated AITC induced TRPA1 desensitization and this effect was prevented by zoniporide. Both NHE1 and TRPA1 were localized at the membrane surface of DRG neurons in culture. Local peripheral zoniporide enhanced AITC-induced pronociception and this effect was prevented by A-967079. Likewise, zoniporide potentiated Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA)-induced hypersensitivity, effect which was prevented by A-967079 in vivo. CFA paw injection increased TRPA1 and decresed NHE1 protein expression in DRG. These results suggest a functional interaction between NHE1 and TRPA1 in DRG neurons in vitro. Moreover, data suggest that this interaction participates in acute and inflamatory pain conditions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana B Salinas-Abarca
- Neurobiology of Pain Laboratory, Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav, South Campus, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Vinicio Granados-Soto
- Neurobiology of Pain Laboratory, Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav, South Campus, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Francisco Mercado
- Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Janet Murbartián
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav, South Campus, Mexico City, Mexico.
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6
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Magini M, Bitla S, Puchakayala MR, Birudaraju S, Dhanavath R, Raju Atcha K. An efficient (TBA)2S2O8 catalyzed regioselective solvent-free one-pot synthesis of fully substituted pyrazoles. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2021.100184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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7
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Wang SB, Liu H, Li GY, Lei K, Li XJ, Quan ZS, Wang XK. Synthesis and Evaluation of Anticonvulsant Activities of 4-Phenylpiperidin- 2-one Derivatives. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180816666190710142848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Although Antiepileptic Drugs (AEDs) acting on various targets have been
applied in the clinic, the efficacy and tolerance of AEDs in the treatment of epilepsy have not
significantly improved. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop some novel chemical moieties
with a better safety profile and greater efficacy. We designed and synthesized twenty-seven 4-
phenylpiperidin-2-one derivatives. This study aimed to investigate the potential use of a series of 4-
phenylpiperidin-2-one derivatives as anticonvulsant drugs.
Methods:
Two experimental methods, Maximal Electroshock (MES) and subcutaneous
pentylenetetrazole (scPTZ), were used to evaluate the anticonvulsant activity of the target
compounds. Moreover, neurotoxicity (NT) was tested using the rotarod test.
Results:
Compound 7-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-6,7-dihydrothieno[3,2-b]pyridin-5-(4H)-one (11;
MES, ED50 = 23.7 mg/kg, PI > 33.7; PTZ, ED50 = 78.1 mg/kg, PI > 10.0) showed the best
anticonvulsant activity. The results of in vivo γ-aminobutyric Acid (GABA) estimation showed that
compound 11 may have an effect on the GABA system. Compound 11 showed significant
interactions with residues at the benzodiazepine (BZD)-binding site on GABAA receptors. Most
target compounds have favorable blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability and oral bioavailability in
predictions using silico molecular properties.
Conclusion:
According to the in vivo and in silico studies, compound 11 stand out as potential
anticonvulsant agents for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Ben Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Hui Liu
- College of life sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Guang-Yong Li
- College of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Kang Lei
- College of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Li
- College of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Zhe-Shan Quan
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Xue-Kun Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
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8
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Nirwan S, Chahal V, Kakkar R. Thiazolidinones: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Their Biological Applications. J Heterocycl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Nirwan
- Department of Chemistry University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
| | - Varun Chahal
- Department of Chemistry University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
| | - Rita Kakkar
- Department of Chemistry University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
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9
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Varun, Sonam, Kakkar R. Isatin and its derivatives: a survey of recent syntheses, reactions, and applications. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:351-368. [PMID: 30996856 PMCID: PMC6438150 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00585k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Isatin (1H-indole-2,3-dione) and its derivatives represent an important class of heterocyclic compounds that can be used as precursors for drug synthesis. Since its discovery, a lot of research work has been done regarding the synthesis, chemical properties, and biological and industrial applications of isatin. In this review, we have reported several novel methods for the synthesis of N-, C2-, and C3-substituted and spiro derivatives of isatin. The isatin moiety also shows important chemical reactions such as oxidation, ring expansion, Friedel-Crafts reaction and aldol condensation. These reactions, in turn, produce several biologically viable compounds like 2-oxindoles, tryptanthrin, indirubins, and many more. We have also summarized some recently reported biological activities exhibited by isatin derivatives, like anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, anti-diabetic and others. Special attention has been paid to their anti-cancer activity, and various anti-cancer targets such as histone deacetylase, carbonic anhydrase, tyrosine kinase, and tubulin have been discussed in detail. Other applications of isatin derivatives, such as in the dye industry and in corrosion prevention, have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun
- Department of Chemistry , University of Delhi , India .
| | - Sonam
- Department of Chemistry , University of Delhi , India .
| | - Rita Kakkar
- Department of Chemistry , University of Delhi , India .
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10
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Zhao WQ, Qian K, Su CW, Shao L, Zhou W, Cui DM, Zhang C, Wang XL. Copper-catalyzed synthesis of pyrazolo[5,1-a]isoquinoline derivatives from 2-gem-dipyrazolylvinylbromobenzenes. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj01882d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient copper-catalyzed synthesis of pyrazolo[5,1-a]isoquinolines from 2-gem-dipyrazolylvinylbromobenzenes under mild conditions has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Qiu Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
| | - Kun Qian
- College of Pharmaceutical Science
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
| | - Cheng Wu Su
- College of Pharmaceutical Science
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
| | - Lei Shao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
| | - Wei Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Science
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
| | - Dong-Mei Cui
- College of Pharmaceutical Science
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
| | - Chen Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
- China
| | - Xiu-Li Wang
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering
- Guilin University of Technology
- Guilin 541006
- China
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11
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Ansari A, Patel P, Kumar G, Khan NUH. Immobilization of an acid–base cooperative catalyst on MCM-41 as a heterogeneous approach for the asymmetric cyanoethoxycarbonylation of isatins. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj02515d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Heterogenization of chiral quinine-thiourea catalyst for enantioselective cyanation reaction. The catalyst is found to be efficient and recyclable up to five times with retention of its catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amamudin Ansari
- Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Division
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute
- Bhavnagar-364 002
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Parth Patel
- Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Division
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute
- Bhavnagar-364 002
- India
- P. D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Division
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute
- Bhavnagar-364 002
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Noor-ul H. Khan
- Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Division
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute
- Bhavnagar-364 002
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
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12
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Masaret GS. Synthesis, Structure Elucidation, and Biological Activities of Pyrazoles Against Human Lung and Hepatocellular Cancer. J Heterocycl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ghada S. Masaret
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science; Umm Al-Qura University; Makkah Almukkarramah Saudi Arabia
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13
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Stevenson RJ, Azimi I, Flanagan JU, Inserra M, Vetter I, Monteith GR, Denny WA. An SAR study of hydroxy-trifluoromethylpyrazolines as inhibitors of Orai1-mediated store operated Ca 2+ entry in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells using a convenient Fluorescence Imaging Plate Reader assay. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:3406-3413. [PMID: 29776832 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The proteins Orai1 and STIM1 control store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) into cells. SOCE is important for migration, invasion and metastasis of MDA-MB-231 human triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells and has been proposed as a target for cancer drug discovery. Two hit compounds from a medium throughput screen, displayed encouraging inhibition of SOCE in MDA-MB-231 cells, as measured by a Fluorescence Imaging Plate Reader (FLIPR) Ca2+ assay. Following NMR spectroscopic analysis of these hits and reassignment of their structures as 5-hydroxy-5-trifluoromethylpyrazolines, a series of analogues was prepared via thermal condensation reactions between substituted acylhydrazones and trifluoromethyl 1,3-dicarbonyl arenes. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies showed that small lipophilic substituents at the 2- and 3-positions of the RHS and 2-, 3- and 4-postions of the LHS terminal benzene rings improved activity, resulting in a novel class of potent and selective inhibitors of SOCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph J Stevenson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Iman Azimi
- The School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Division of Pharmacy, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Jack U Flanagan
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Marco Inserra
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Irina Vetter
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Gregory R Monteith
- The School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - William A Denny
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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14
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Larrazabal CS, Carretta MD, Hidalgo MA, Burgos RA. Amiloride interferes with platelet- activating factor-induced respiratory burst and MMP-9 release in bovine neutrophils independent of Na +/H + exchanger 1. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2017; 191:68-73. [PMID: 28895869 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic pH homeostasis is required for an appropriate response in polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). In these cells, chemotaxis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production are reduced by the use of Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE-1) inhibitors, but these results are mainly obtained using amiloride, a non-selective NHE-1 inhibitor. In bovine PMNs, the role of NHE-1 in functional responses has not been confirmed yet. The aim of this study was to determine the role of NHE-1 using amiloride and zoniporide in pH regulation, ROS production, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) release and calcium flux in bovine PMNs induced by the platelet activation factor (PAF), additionally we evaluated the presence of NHE-1 and NHE-2 mRNA Our data show the presence only of NHE-1 but not NHE-2 in bovine PMNs. Amiloride or zoniporide inhibited the intracellular alkalization induced by PAF without affecting calcium flux. Amiloride diminished ROS production and MMP-9 release, while zoniporide enhanced ROS production without change the MMP-9 release induced by PAF. Our work led us to conclude that changes in intracellular pH induced by PAF are regulated by NHE-1 in bovine neutrophils, but the effects of amiloride on ROS production and MMP-9 release induced by PAF are not NHE-1 dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Larrazabal
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Austral de Chile, PO Box 567, Valdivia, Chile
| | - M D Carretta
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Austral de Chile, PO Box 567, Valdivia, Chile
| | - M A Hidalgo
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Austral de Chile, PO Box 567, Valdivia, Chile
| | - R A Burgos
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Austral de Chile, PO Box 567, Valdivia, Chile.
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15
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Synthesis, DNA binding and in-vitro cytotoxicity studies on novel bis-pyrazoles. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 168:89-97. [PMID: 28189845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A new series of bis-pyrazoles 6a-t were synthesized from 3,5-dimethyl pyrazole using sequential approach. All these compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectral data. The interaction of newly synthesized bis-pyrazoles with DNA was investigated through molecular docking and absorption spectroscopic technique. Among all bis-pyrazoles compounds, the 6h compound showed lower conformational energy through in silico analysis. The interaction of each molecule in this series 6a-t with the various concentrations of DNA was examined through the UV-visible spectroscopic studies. The UV-visible spectroscopy studies on the specific binding of compound 6a, 6b, 6g, 6h, 6d, 6i, 6k, 6n, 6s with DNA have exhibited spectral shifts and the results were discussed. In further the compounds 6a-t were subjected to the in-vitro cytotoxicity studies against human pancreatic adenocarcinoma, human non-small cell lung carcinoma cell lines. Among the screened compounds, N-(3-isopropoxy-1-isopropyl-4-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)cyclobutane carboxamide and N-(5'-Isopropoxy-2'-isopropyl-3,5-dimethyl-2'H-[1,4'] bipyrazolyl-3'-yl)-dimethane sulfonamide were found as lead molecules since they have exhibited promising activity against both the cancer cell lines used in this study, whereas the compounds 4-(trifluoromethyl)-N-(3-isopropoxy-1-isopropyl-4-(3,5-dimethyl-2H-pyrrol-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzamide and 2,6-difluoro-N-(3-isopropoxy-1-isopropyl-4-(3,5-dimethyl-2H-pyrrol-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) benzamide were found to be active against the pancreatic cell line only. Rest all the other compounds were found to exhibit moderate to good activity towards both the cell lines.
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16
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Li RH, Ding CK, Jiang YN, Ding ZC, An XM, Tang HT, Jing QW, Zhan ZP. Synthesis of 5,6-Dihydropyrazolo[5,1-a]isoquinolines through Indium(III)-Promoted Halocyclizations of N-Propargylic Sulfonylhydrazones. Org Lett 2016; 18:1666-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Hao Li
- Department
of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Ke Ding
- Department
of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ya-Nan Jiang
- Department
of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zong-Cang Ding
- Department
of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ming An
- Department
of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai-Tao Tang
- Department
of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi-Wei Jing
- Department
of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuang-Ping Zhan
- Department
of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People’s Republic of China
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17
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Mohamed IA, Mraiche F. Targeting osteopontin, the silent partner of Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 in cardiac remodeling. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:2006-18. [PMID: 25677682 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy (CH), characterized by the enlargement of cardiomyocytes, fibrosis and apoptosis, contributes to cardiac remodeling, which if left unresolved results in heart failure. Understanding the signaling pathways underlying CH is necessary to identify potential therapeutic targets. The Na(+) /H(+) -exchanger isoform I (NHE1), a ubiquitously expressed glycoprotein and cardiac specific isoform, regulates intracellular pH. Recent studies have demonstrated that enhanced expression/activity of NHE1 contributes to cardiac remodeling and CH. Inhibition of NHE1 in both in vitro and in vivo models have suggested that inhibition of NHE1 protects against hypertrophy. However, clinical trials using NHE1 inhibitors have proven to be unsuccessful, suggesting that additional factors maybe contributing to cardiac remodeling. Recent studies have indicated that the upregulation of NHE1 is associated with enhanced levels of osteopontin (OPN) in the setting of CH. OPN has been demonstrated to be upregulated in left ventricular hypertrophy, dilated cardiomyopathy and in diabetic cardiomyopathy. The cellular interplay between OPN and NHE1 in the setting of CH remains unknown. This review focuses on the role of NHE1 and OPN in cardiac remodeling and emphasizes the signaling pathways implicating OPN in the NHE1-induced hypertrophic response.
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18
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Shi X, O'Neill MM, MacDonnell S, Brookes PS, Yan C, Berk BC. The RSK Inhibitor BIX02565 Limits Cardiac Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2015; 21:177-86. [PMID: 26130615 DOI: 10.1177/1074248415591700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS During ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) activates Na(+)/H(+) exchanger 1 (NHE1) by phosphorylating NHE1 at serine 703 (pS703-NHE1), which promotes cardiomyocyte death and injury. Pharmacologic inhibition of NHE1 effectively protects animal hearts from I/R. However, clinical trials using NHE1 inhibitors failed to show benefit in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI). One possible explanation is those inhibitors block both agonist-stimulated activity (increasing I/R injury) and basal NHE1 activity (necessary for cell survival). We previously showed that dominant-negative RSK (DN-RSK) selectively blocked agonist-stimulated NHE1 activity. Therefore, we hypothesized that a novel RSK inhibitor (BIX02565) would blunt agonist-stimulated NHE1 and protect hearts from I/R. METHODS AND RESULTS Serum/angiotensin II-stimulated pS703-NHE1 was significantly decreased by BIX02565 in cultured cells. Intracellular pH recovery assay showed that BIX02565 selectively inhibited serum-stimulated NHE1 activity. Ischemia/reperfusion decreased left ventricular-developed pressure (LVDP; inhibited) to 8.7% of the basal level in non-transgenic littermate control (NLC) mouse hearts, which was significantly improved (44.6%) by BIX02565. Similar protection was observed in vehicle-treated, cardiac-specific DN-RSK-Tg mice (43%). No additional protective effect was seen in BIX02565-treated DN-RSK-Tg hearts. BIX02565 also improved LVDP in cardiac-specific wild-type (WT)-RSK-Tg mouse hearts (7.4%-40.9%, P < .01). Finally, Western Blotting results confirmed DN-RSK and BIX02565 significantly decreased I/R-induced pS703-NHE1. CONCLUSION The RSK plays a crucial role in I/R-induced activation of NHE1 and cardiac injury. The RSK inhibition may provide an alternative target for patients with MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Shi
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Margaret M O'Neill
- Department of CardioMetabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Scott MacDonnell
- Department of CardioMetabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Paul S Brookes
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Chen Yan
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Bradford C Berk
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
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19
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Wiese H, Gelis L, Wiese S, Reichenbach C, Jovancevic N, Osterloh M, Meyer HE, Neuhaus EM, Hatt HH, Radziwill G, Warscheid B. Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals the protein tyrosine kinase Pyk2 as a central effector of olfactory receptor signaling in prostate cancer cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2014; 1854:632-40. [PMID: 25219547 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The prostate-specific G-protein-coupled receptor 1 (PSGR1) is an olfactory receptor specifically expressed in the prostate gland. PSGR1 expression is elevated both in benign prostatic hyperplasia tissue and in prostate cancer. Stimulation of PSGR1 by the odorant β-ionone leads to an increase in the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration, activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases and a decrease in prostate cancer cell proliferation. To further extend our knowledge about PSGR1 signaling in prostate cancer cells, we performed a quantitative phosphoproteomics study using stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture and mass spectrometry. We report 51 differentially regulated phosphorylation sites in 24 proteins with functions in cytoskeletal remodeling, signaling and ion transport. Activation of PSGR1 evoked an increase in intracellular pH mediated by the sodium/hydrogen exchanger NHE1. Furthermore, we report the protein tyrosine kinase Pyk2 as a central effector of PSGR1 signaling cascades in LNCaP cells. Our data show that phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase is triggered by Pyk2. In addition, we confirmed dephosphorylation of the tumor suppressor protein N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) at Ser330 downstream of Pyk2. Since NDRG1 impacts oncogenic signaling pathways interfering with tumor progression, we suggest that the Pyk2-NDRG1 axis is possibly involved in conveying the anti-proliferative effect of β-ionone in prostate cancer cells. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Medical Proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Wiese
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Faculty of Biology and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lian Gelis
- Department of Cell Physiology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wiese
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Faculty of Biology and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christa Reichenbach
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Faculty of Biology and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nikolina Jovancevic
- Department of Cell Physiology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Markus Osterloh
- Department of Cell Physiology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Helmut E Meyer
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Otto-Hahn-Str. 6b, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Eva M Neuhaus
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Jena, Drackendorfer Str. 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Hanns H Hatt
- Department of Cell Physiology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Gerald Radziwill
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Faculty of Biology and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bettina Warscheid
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Faculty of Biology and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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20
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Synthesis and antihyperglycemic evaluation of new 2-hydrazolyl-4-thiazolidinone-5-carboxylic acids having pyrazolyl pharmacophores. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:2651-4. [PMID: 24813740 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the search of new antihyperglycemic agents and following rational approach of drug designing here new 2-hydrazolyl-4-thiazolidinone-5-carboxylic acids (4a-g) with pyrazolyl pharmacophore have been synthesized via thia Michael addition reaction of 1-((3-(4-substituted phenyl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methylene)thiosemicarbazides (3a-g) with maleic anhydride. The required precursors, (3a-g) were obtained by condensing known 3-(4-substituted phenyl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehydes (1a-g) with thiosemicarbazide in ethanol. The newly synthesized compounds (4a-g) have been evaluated for the antihyperglycemic activity in sucrose loaded rat model and among these compounds 4d, 4f and 4g have displayed significant antihyperglycemic activity.
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21
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Reshkin SJ, Greco MR, Cardone RA. Role of pHi, and proton transporters in oncogene-driven neoplastic transformation. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2014; 369:20130100. [PMID: 24493748 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The change of a normal, healthy cell to a transformed cell is the first step in the evolutionary arc of a cancer. While the role of oncogenes in this 'passage' is well known, the role of ion transporters in this critical step is less known and is fundamental to our understanding the early physiological processes of carcinogenesis. Cancer cells and tissues have an aberrant regulation of hydrogen ion dynamics leading to a reversal of the normal tissue intracellular to extracellular pH gradient (ΔpHi to ΔpHe). When this perturbation in pH dynamics occurs during carcinogenesis is less clear. Very early studies using the introduction of different oncogene proteins into cells observed a concordance between neoplastic transformation and a cytoplasmic alkalinization occurring concomitantly with a shift towards glycolysis in the presence of oxygen, i.e. 'Warburg metabolism'. These processes may instigate a vicious cycle that drives later progression towards fully developed cancer where the reversed pH gradient becomes ever more pronounced. This review presents our understanding of the role of pH and the NHE1 in driving transformation, in determining the first appearance of the cancer 'hallmark' characteristics and how the use of pharmacological approaches targeting pH/NHE1 may open up new avenues for efficient treatments even during the first steps of cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Joel Reshkin
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, , Bari 70126, Italy
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22
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Pei S, Xue C, Hai L, Wu Y. Synthesis of β-enaminodicarbonyl derivatives in the titanium(iv) chloride-promoted reactions of β-dicarbonyl compounds with nitriles. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra05100a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
TiCl4-promoted reactions of β-dicarbonyl compounds with nitriles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuchen Pei
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting of Education Ministry
- West China School of Pharmacy
- West China Hospital
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Chenchen Xue
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting of Education Ministry
- West China School of Pharmacy
- West China Hospital
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Li Hai
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting of Education Ministry
- West China School of Pharmacy
- West China Hospital
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting of Education Ministry
- West China School of Pharmacy
- West China Hospital
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
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23
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Kumar A, Maurya S, Gupta MK, Shukla RD. Amphiphile catalysed selective synthesis of 4-amino alkylated-1H-pyrazol-5-ol via Mannich aromatization preferred to the Knoevenagel–Michael type reaction in water. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra11961d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An economic and efficient amphiphile (SDS) catalysed one pot synthesis of aromatized 4-amino alkylated-1H-pyrazol-5-ol via a Mannich aromatization preffered to the Knoevenagel–Michael type reaction in water has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Kumar
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow-226031, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- New Delhi, India
| | - Shivam Maurya
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow-226031, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- New Delhi, India
| | - Maneesh Kumar Gupta
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow-226031, India
| | - Ratnakar Dutt Shukla
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow-226031, India
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24
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Harguindey S, Arranz JL, Polo Orozco JD, Rauch C, Fais S, Cardone RA, Reshkin SJ. Cariporide and other new and powerful NHE1 inhibitors as potentially selective anticancer drugs--an integral molecular/biochemical/metabolic/clinical approach after one hundred years of cancer research. J Transl Med 2013; 11:282. [PMID: 24195657 PMCID: PMC3826530 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years an increasing number of publications have emphasized the growing importance of hydrogen ion dynamics in modern cancer research, from etiopathogenesis and treatment. A proton [H+]-related mechanism underlying the initiation and progression of the neoplastic process has been recently described by different research groups as a new paradigm in which all cancer cells and tissues, regardless of their origin and genetic background, have a pivotal energetic and homeostatic disturbance of their metabolism that is completely different from all normal tissues: an aberrant regulation of hydrogen ion dynamics leading to a reversal of the pH gradient in cancer cells and tissues (↑pHi/↓pHe, or “proton reversal”). Tumor cells survive their hostile microenvironment due to membrane-bound proton pumps and transporters, and their main defensive strategy is to never allow internal acidification because that could lead to their death through apoptosis. In this context, one of the primary and best studied regulators of both pHi and pHe in tumors is the Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1). An elevated NHE1 activity can be correlated with both an increase in cell pH and a decrease in the extracellular pH of tumors, and such proton reversal is associated with the origin, local growth, activation and further progression of the metastatic process. Consequently, NHE1 pharmaceutical inhibition by new and potent NHE1 inhibitors represents a potential and highly selective target in anticancer therapy. Cariporide, being one of the better studied specific and powerful NHE1 inhibitors, has proven to be well tolerated by humans in the cardiological context, however some side-effects, mainly related to drug accumulation and cerebrovascular complications were reported. Thus, cariporide could become a new, slightly toxic and effective anticancer agent in different human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Harguindey
- Instituto de Biología Clínica y Metabolismo (IBCM), Postas 13-01004, Vitoria, Spain.
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25
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Abstract
Several arenaviruses, chiefly Lassa virus (LASV), cause hemorrhagic fever (HF) disease in humans and pose a great public health concern in the regions in which they are endemic. Moreover, evidence indicates that the worldwide-distributed prototypic arenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is a neglected human pathogen of clinical significance. The limited existing armamentarium to combat human-pathogenic arenaviruses underscores the importance of developing novel antiarenaviral drugs, a task that would be facilitated by the identification and characterization of virus-host cell factor interactions that contribute to the arenavirus life cycle. A genome-wide small interfering RNA (siRNA) screen identified sodium hydrogen exchanger 3 (NHE3) as required for efficient multiplication of LCMV in HeLa cells, but the mechanisms by which NHE activity contributed to the life cycle of LCMV remain unknown. Here we show that treatment with the NHE inhibitor 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl) amiloride (EIPA) resulted in a robust inhibition of LCMV multiplication in both rodent (BHK-21) and human (A549) cells. EIPA-mediated inhibition was due not to interference with virus RNA replication, gene expression, or budding but rather to a blockade of virus cell entry. EIPA also inhibited cell entry mediated by the glycoproteins of the HF arenaviruses LASV and Junin virus (JUNV). Pharmacological and genetic studies revealed that cell entry of LCMV in A549 cells depended on actin remodeling and Pak1, suggesting a macropinocytosis-like cell entry pathway. Finally, zoniporide, an NHE inhibitor being explored as a therapeutic agent to treat myocardial infarction, inhibited LCMV propagation in culture cells. Our findings indicate that targeting NHEs could be a novel strategy to combat human-pathogenic arenaviruses.
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26
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Babich V, Vadnagara K, Di Sole F. The biophysical and molecular basis of intracellular pH sensing by Na+/H+ exchanger-3. FASEB J 2013; 27:4646-58. [PMID: 23934281 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-225466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial Na(+)/H(+) exchanger-3 (NHE3) transport is fundamental for renal and intestinal sodium reabsorption. Cytoplasmic protons are thought to serve as allosteric modifiers of the exchanger and to trigger its transport through protein conformational change. This effect presupposes an intracellular pH (pHi) dependence of NHE3 activity, although the biophysical and molecular basis of NHE3 pHi sensitivity have not been defined. NHE3, when complexed with the calcineurin homologous protein-1 (CHP1), had a shift in pHi sensitivity (0.4 units) toward the acidic side in comparison with NHE3 alone, as measured by oscillating pH electrodes combined with whole-cell patch clamping. Indeed, CHP1 interaction with NHE3 inhibited NHE3 transport in a pHi -dependent manner. CHP1 binding to NHE3 also affected its acute regulation. Intracellular perfusion of peptide from the CHP1 binding region (or pHi modification to reduce the CHP1 amount bound to NHE3) was permissive and cooperative for dopamine inhibition of NHE3 but reversed that of adenosine. Thus, CHP1 interaction with NHE3 apparently establishes the exchanger set point for pHi, and modification in this set point is effective in the hormonal stimuli-mediated regulation of NHE3. CHP1 may serve as a regulatory cofactor for NHE3 conformational change, dependent on intracellular protonation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Babich
- 1Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn Street, HSFII, Suite S005, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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27
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Zhu Y, Lu WT, Sun HC, Zhan ZP. Lewis Base Catalyzed Synthesis of Multisubstituted 4-Sulfonyl-1H-Pyrazole Involving a Novel 1,3-Sulfonyl Shift. Org Lett 2013; 15:4146-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol401818m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Ting Lu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Chao Sun
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Zhuang-Ping Zhan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, P. R. China
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28
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Provost JJ, Wallert MA. Inside out: targeting NHE1 as an intracellular and extracellular regulator of cancer progression. Chem Biol Drug Des 2013; 81:85-101. [PMID: 23253131 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The sodium hydrogen exchanger isoform one is a critical regulator of intracellular pH, serves as an anchor for the formation of cytoplasmic signaling complexes, and modulates cytoskeletal organization. There is a growing interest in the potential for sodium hydrogen exchanger isoform one as a therapeutic target against cancer. Sodium hydrogen exchanger isoform one transport drives formation of membrane protrusions essential for cell migration and contributes to the establishment of a tumor microenvironment that leads to the rearrangement of the extracellular matrix further supporting tumor progression. Here, we focus on the potential impact that an inexpensive, $100 genome would have in identifying prospective therapeutic targets to treat tumors based upon changes in gene expression and variation of sodium hydrogen exchanger isoform one regulators. In particular, we will focus on the ezrin, radixin, moesin family proteins, calcineurin B homologous proteins, Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling, and phosphoinositide signaling as they relate to the regulation of sodium hydrogen exchanger isoform one in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Provost
- Center for Biopharmaceutical Research and Production, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA.
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29
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Scully SS, Tang AJ, Lundh M, Mosher CM, Perkins KM, Wagner BK. Small-molecule inhibitors of cytokine-mediated STAT1 signal transduction in β-cells with improved aqueous solubility. J Med Chem 2013; 56:4125-9. [PMID: 23617753 DOI: 10.1021/jm400397x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported the discovery of BRD0476 (1), a small molecule generated by diversity-oriented synthesis that suppresses cytokine-induced β-cell apoptosis. Herein, we report the synthesis and biological evaluation of 1 and analogues with improved aqueous solubility. By replacing naphthyl with quinoline moieties, we prepared active analogues with up to a 1400-fold increase in solubility from 1. In addition, we demonstrated that 1 and analogues inhibit STAT1 signal transduction induced by IFN-γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen S Scully
- Chemical Biology Program and Chemical Biology Platform, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
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30
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Hasaninejad A, Firoozi S. Catalyst-free, one-pot, three-component synthesis of 5-amino-1,3-aryl-1 $$H$$ -pyrazole-4-carbonitriles in green media. Mol Divers 2013; 17:459-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-013-9445-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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31
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Hao L, Hong JJ, Zhu J, Zhan ZP. One-Pot Synthesis of Pyrazoles through a Four-Step Cascade Sequence. Chemistry 2013; 19:5715-20. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201204322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Xu SX, Hao L, Wang T, Ding ZC, Zhan ZP. Chemoselective synthesis of substituted pyrazoles through AgOTf-catalyzed cascade propargylic substitution-cyclization-aromatization. Org Biomol Chem 2013. [PMID: 23188378 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob27016a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A cascade AgOTf-catalyzed chemoselective approach to 3,5/1,3-disubstitued pyrazoles from propargylic alcohols and para-tolylsulfonohydrazide has been developed. Good chemoselectivity is observed depending on the different substituents in the alkyne moiety of the propargylic alcohols, generating two different kinds of products through different aromatization mechanisms. The pyrazolo[5,1-a]isoquinoline skeleton can also be effectively constructed by this method through a cascade bicyclization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Xia Xu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, P. R. China
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33
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Dalvie D, Xiang C, Kang P, Zhou S. Interspecies variation in the metabolism of zoniporide by aldehyde oxidase. Xenobiotica 2012; 43:399-408. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2012.727499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Dalvie D, Sun H, Xiang C, Hu Q, Jiang Y, Kang P. Effect of Structural Variation on Aldehyde Oxidase-Catalyzed Oxidation of Zoniporide. Drug Metab Dispos 2012; 40:1575-87. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.112.045823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Perrone MG, Vitale P, Malerba P, Altomare A, Rizzi R, Lavecchia A, Di Giovanni C, Novellino E, Scilimati A. Diarylheterocycle Core Ring Features Effect in Selective COX-1 Inhibition. ChemMedChem 2012; 7:629-41. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201100530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Revised: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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36
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Okada E, Shibata D, Médebielle M, Hatakenaka M. A Facile and Convenient Method for the Synthesis of 6,8-Bis(trifluoroacetyl)quinolin-5-amines. HETEROCYCLES 2012. [DOI: 10.3987/com-11-s(p)38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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37
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Yamazaki S, Maenaka Y, Fujinami K, Mikata Y. Triphenylphosphine-mediated reaction of dialkyl azodicarboxylate with activated alkenes leading to pyrazolines. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra21249h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Fustero S, Sánchez-Roselló M, Barrio P, Simón-Fuentes A. From 2000 to mid-2010: a fruitful decade for the synthesis of pyrazoles. Chem Rev 2011; 111:6984-7034. [PMID: 21806021 DOI: 10.1021/cr2000459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 794] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Santos Fustero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Valencia, Spain.
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Jawale DV, Pratap UR, Mali JR, Mane RA. Silica chloride catalyzed one-pot synthesis of fully substituted pyrazoles. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2011.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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41
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N-Benzylimidazole carboxamides as potent, orally active stearoylCoA desaturase-1 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:1621-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.01.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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42
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Dalvie D, Zhang C, Chen W, Smolarek T, Obach RS, Loi CM. Cross-Species Comparison of the Metabolism and Excretion of Zoniporide: Contribution of Aldehyde Oxidase to Interspecies Differences. Drug Metab Dispos 2009; 38:641-54. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.109.030783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Ko YO, Chun YS, Park CL, Kim Y, Shin H, Ahn S, Hong J, Lee SG. An effective and general method for the highly regioselective synthesis of 1-phenylpyrazoles from β-enaminoketoesters, tandem Blaise–acylation adducts. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:1132-6. [DOI: 10.1039/b820324e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sloop JC, Jackson JL, Schmidt RD. Microwave-mediated pyrazole fluorinations using selectfluor®. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.20556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Sloop JC, Lechner B, Washington G, Bumgardner CL, Loehle WD, Creasy W. Pyrazole formation: Examination of kinetics, substituent effects, and mechanistic pathways. INT J CHEM KINET 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Fustero S, Román R, Sanz-Cervera JF, Simón-Fuentes A, Cuñat AC, Villanova S, Murguía M. Improved Regioselectivity in Pyrazole Formation through the Use of Fluorinated Alcohols as Solvents: Synthesis and Biological Activity of Fluorinated Tebufenpyrad Analogs. J Org Chem 2008; 73:3523-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo800251g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santos Fustero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Valencia, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain, and Laboratorio de Moléculas Orgánicas, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, E-46013 Valencia, Spain
| | - Raquel Román
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Valencia, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain, and Laboratorio de Moléculas Orgánicas, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, E-46013 Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan F. Sanz-Cervera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Valencia, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain, and Laboratorio de Moléculas Orgánicas, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, E-46013 Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Simón-Fuentes
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Valencia, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain, and Laboratorio de Moléculas Orgánicas, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, E-46013 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana C. Cuñat
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Valencia, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain, and Laboratorio de Moléculas Orgánicas, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, E-46013 Valencia, Spain
| | - Salvador Villanova
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Valencia, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain, and Laboratorio de Moléculas Orgánicas, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, E-46013 Valencia, Spain
| | - Marcelo Murguía
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Valencia, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain, and Laboratorio de Moléculas Orgánicas, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, E-46013 Valencia, Spain
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Sung Chun Y, Kon Lee K, Ok Ko Y, Shin H, Lee SG. The first chemoselective tandem acylation of the Blaise reaction intermediate: a novel method for the synthesis of α-acyl-β-enamino esters, key intermediate for pyrazoles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:5098-100. [DOI: 10.1039/b813369g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zoniporide preserves left ventricular compliance during ventricular fibrillation and minimizes postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction through benefits on energy metabolism. Crit Care Med 2007; 35:2329-36. [PMID: 17944021 DOI: 10.1097/01.ccm.0000280569.87413.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether sodium-hydrogen exchanger isoform-1 (NHE-1) inhibition attenuates myocardial injury during resuscitation from ventricular fibrillation through effects on energy metabolism, using an open-chest pig model in which coronary perfusion was controlled by extracorporeal circulation. DESIGN Randomized controlled animal study. SETTING University research laboratory. SUBJECTS Male domestic pigs. INTERVENTIONS Ventricular fibrillation was electrically induced and left untreated for 8 mins, after which extracorporeal circulation was started and its flow adjusted to maintain a coronary perfusion pressure of 10 mm Hg. After 10 mins of extracorporeal circulation, restoration of spontaneous circulation was attempted by epicardial defibrillation and gradual reduction in extracorporeal flow. Two groups of eight pigs each were randomized to receive the NHE-1 inhibitor zoniporide (3 mg.kg-1) or vehicle control immediately before starting extracorporeal circulation. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Identical extracorporeal flows (approximately = 9% of baseline cardiac index) were required in zoniporide and control groups to attain the target coronary perfusion pressure, resulting in comparable left anterior descending coronary artery blood flow (9 +/- 1 and 10 +/- 1 mL.min-1) and resistance (0.10 +/- 0.01 and 0.10 +/- 0.01 dyne.sec.cm(-5)). Yet zoniporide prevented reductions in left ventricular volume and wall thickening while favoring higher myocardial creatine phosphate to creatine ratios (0.14 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.06 +/- 0.01, p < .05), lower myocardial adenosine (0.7 +/- 0.1 vs. 1.3 +/- 0.2, p < .05), and lower myocardial lactate (80 +/- 9 vs. 125 +/- 6 mmol.kg-1, p < .001). Postresuscitation, zoniporide-treated pigs had higher left ventricular ejection fraction (0.57 +/- 0.07 vs. 0.29 +/- 0.05, p < .05) and higher cardiac index (4.8 +/- 0.4 vs. 3.4 +/- 0.2 L.min-1.m-2, p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Zoniporide ameliorated myocardial injury during resuscitation from ventricular fibrillation through beneficial effects on energy metabolism without effects on coronary vascular resistance and coronary blood flow.
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Kadar EP, Darrington RT. Initial rate analysis of zoniporide hydrolysis degradants using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometric detection. Pharm Dev Technol 2007; 12:247-57. [PMID: 17613888 DOI: 10.1080/10837450701212800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Zoniporide, N-(5-Cyclopropyl-1-quinolin-5-yl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonyl)-guanidine methanesulfonic acid, is a sodium-hydrogen exchanger type 1 (NHE-1) inhibitor. This compound forms two major hydrolysis degradants (Degradants I and II) and therefore was formulated as an IV concentrate lyophile. The purpose of this study was to perform initial rate analysis on formation of Degradants I and II, to determine if a liquid Zoniporide formulation is feasible. Solutions of Zoniporide were placed on stability at ambient temperature (30 degrees C), refrigerated temperature (5 degrees C), and frozen temperature (-20 degrees C). Initial formation rates were determined for Degradants I and II by using high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS). The initial formation rates were used to predict the time required for a degradant level of 0.1% relative to Zoniporide to be reached. The predicted times for Degradant I to reach 0.1% were 9 days, 330 days, and 30,962 days at temperatures of 30 degrees C, 5 degrees C, and -20 degrees C, respectively, indicating that refrigerated or frozen storage would be required for a liquid Zoniporide formulation to be feasible and reach the target shelf life. The initial formation rates of Degradant II were approximately 1-order of magnitude lower. In Addition, samples of the Zoniporide solutions were assayed for concentrations of Degradant I and Zoniporide after 2.5 years of storage at 5 degrees C and -20 degrees C to determine the validity of the initial formation rate predictions. The mean experimentally determined Degradant I concentration at 5 degrees C was within 13% of the predicted concentration, and the mean experimentally determined Degradant I concentration at -20 degrees C was within 37% of the predicted concentration. This agreement between the experimentally determined and predicted Degradant I concentrations indicates that the initial rate method is sufficiently accurate and can be used to rapidly evaluate various formulation conditions with respect to stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene P Kadar
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics & Metabolism, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, CT 06340, USA.
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Oh KS, Seo HW, Yi KY, Lee S, Yoo SE, Lee BH. Effects of KR-33028, a novel Na+/H+exchanger-1 inhibitor, on ischemia and reperfusion-induced myocardial infarction in rats and dogs. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2007; 21:255-63. [PMID: 17521294 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2007.00491.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The present study was performed to evaluate the cardioprotective effects of KR-33028, a novel Na+/H+ exchanger subtype 1 (NHE-1) inhibitor, in rat and dog models of coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion. In anesthetized rats subjected to a 45-min coronary occlusion and a 90-min reperfusion, KR-33028 at 5 min before occlusion (i.v. bolus) dose-dependently reduced myocardial infarct size from 58.0% to 46.6%, 40.3%, 39.7%, 33.1%, and 27.8% for 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, and 3.0 mg/kg respectively (P < 0.05). In anesthetized beagle dogs that underwent a 1.0-h occlusion followed by a 3.0-h reperfusion, KR-33028 (3 mg/kg, i.v. bolus) markedly decreased infarct size from 45.6% in vehicle-treated group to 16.4% (P < 0.05), and reduced the reperfusion-induced release in creatine kinase myocardial band isoenzyme (MB), lactate dehydrogenase, troponin-I, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, and glutamic pyruvic transaminase. In separate experiments to assess the effects of timing of treatment, KR-33028 (1 mg/kg, i.v. bolus) given 10 min before or at reperfusion in rat models also significantly reduced the myocardial infarct size (46.3% and 44.1% respectively) compared with vehicle-treated group. In all studies, KR-33028 caused no significant changes in any hemodynamic profiles. In an isolated rat heart model of hypothermic cardioplegia, KR-33028 (30 mum), which was added to the heart preservation solution (histidin-tryptophan-ketoglutarate) during hypothermic cardioplegic arrest, significantly improved the recovery of left ventricular developed pressure, heart rate and dP/dt(max) after reperfusion. Taken together, these results indicate that KR-33028 significantly reduced the myocardial infarction induced by ischemia and reperfusion in rats and dogs, without affecting hemodynamic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Seok Oh
- Bio-Organic Science Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 100, Jangdong, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-343, Korea
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