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Reed NI, Tang YZ, McIntosh J, Wu Y, Molnar KS, Civitavecchia A, Sheppard D, DeGrado WF, Jo H. Exploring N-Arylsulfonyl-l-proline Scaffold as a Platform for Potent and Selective αvβ1 Integrin Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:902-907. [PMID: 27774126 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
One small molecule inhibitor of αvβ1 integrin, c8, shows antifibrotic effects in multiple in vivo mouse models. Here we synthesized c8 analogues and systematically investigate their structure-activity relationships (SAR) in αvβ1 integrin inhibition. N-Phenylsulfonyl-l-homoproline analogues of c8 maintained excellent potency against αvβ1 integrin while retaining good selectivity over other RGD integrins. In addition, 2-aminopyridine or cyclic guanidine analogues were shown to be equally potent to c8. A rigid phenyl linker increased the potency compared to c8, but the selectivity over other RGD integrins diminished. These results can provide further insights on design of αvβ1 integrin inhibitors as antifibrotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilgun Isik Reed
- Department of Medicine, University of California−San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94153, United States
| | - You-Zhi Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California−San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Joel McIntosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California−San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Yibing Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California−San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Kathleen S. Molnar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California−San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Annafelicia Civitavecchia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California−San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Dean Sheppard
- Department of Medicine, University of California−San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94153, United States
| | - William F. DeGrado
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California−San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Cardiovascular
Research Institute, University of California−San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Hyunil Jo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California−San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
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Papst S, Noisier AF, Brimble MA, Yang Y, Krissansen GW. Synthesis and biological evaluation of tyrosine modified analogues of the α4β7 integrin inhibitor biotin-R8ERY. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:5139-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Tyrosine modified analogues of the α4β7 integrin inhibitor biotin-R8ERY prepared via Click Chemistry: Synthesis and biological evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:2638-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Papst S, Noisier AFM, Brimble MA, Yang Y, Chan YC, Krissansen GW. Synthesis and SAR of a Library of Cell-Permeable Biotin-R8ERY* Peptidomimetics Inhibiting α4β7 Integrin Mediated Adhesion of TK-1 Cells to MAdCAM-1-Fc. Aust J Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1071/ch12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The α4β7 integrin is a well‐known target for the development of drugs against various inflammatory disease states including inflammatory bowel disease, type 1 diabetes, and multiple sclerosis. The β7 subunit contains the cell adhesion regulatory domain (CARD) motif YDRREY within its cytoplasmic domain, which is an effective peptide agent for inhibiting T-cell adhesion. The synthesis of a library of cell-permeable β7 integrin inhibitors based on the shortened biotin-R8ERY (R8 = (l-arginine)8) motif is reported, wherein the tyrosine residue has been modified. The synthesised peptidomimetics were evaluated in a cell adhesion assay and shown to inhibit Mn2+-activated adhesion of mouse TK-1 T-cells to mouse MAdCAM-1. Several analogues exhibited improved activity to that of the tyrosine-containing lead compound 1 (biotin-R8ERY). Specifically, analogues 4, 10, and 22 bearing a 4-chloro, a 4-nitro, and a 3,3-diphenyl substituent showed an increase in activity of approximately two-fold compared with that of the initial lead compound. The six most active compounds of the tested series had IC50’s between 25 and 50 μM.
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Modeling the molecular basis for α4β1 integrin antagonism. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:5903-11. [PMID: 21889349 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We report a 3D QSAR study of almost 300 structurally diverse small molecule antagonists of the integrin α4β1 whose biological activity spans six orders of magnitude. The alignment of the molecules was based on the conformation of a structurally related ligand bound to the αIIBβ3 and αvβ3 integrins in X-ray crystallographic studies. The molecular field method, CoMSIA, was used to generate the 3D QSAR models. The resulting models showed that the lipophilic properties were the most important, with hydrogen bond donor and steric properties less relevant. The models were highly significant (r(2)=0.89, q2(LOO)=0.67, r(2) (test set)=0.76), and could make robust predictions of the data (SEE=0.46, SEP=0.78, SEP (test set)=0.66). We predicted the antagonist activities of a further ten compounds with useful accuracy. The model appears capable of predicting α4β1 integrin antagonist activity to within a factor of five for compounds within its domain of applicability. The implications for design of improved integrin antagonists will be discussed.
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Gong Y, Kent Barbay J, Kimball ES, Santulli RJ, Carolyn Fisher M, Dyatkin AB, Miskowski TA, Hornby PJ, He W. Synthesis and SAR of pyridazinone-substituted phenylalanine amide α4 integrin antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:1331-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2007] [Accepted: 01/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Yasuda M, Ueda M, Muramatsu H, Mihara H, Esaki N. Enzymatic synthesis of cyclic amino acids by N-methyl-l-amino acid dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas putida. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2006.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Lin LS, Lanza TJ, Castonguay LA, Kamenecka T, McCauley E, Van Riper G, Egger LA, Mumford RA, Tong X, MacCoss M, Schmidt JA, Hagmann WK. Bioisosteric replacement of anilide with benzoxazole: potent and orally bioavailable antagonists of VLA-4. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:2331-4. [PMID: 15081035 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.01.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2003] [Accepted: 01/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We have designed and synthesized a series of heterocyclic bioisosteres for an anilide based on molecular modeling. Excellent potency was retained in the benzoxazole and the benzimidazole derivatives, where a hydrogen bond acceptor is appropriately positioned to mimic the amide bond oxygen. The deletion of the hydrogen bond donor (N-H) led to improved lipophilicity and bioavailability. In the process, 9a was identified as a potent, specific, and bioavailable VLA-4 antagonist, while 9c was found to be a potent and bioavailable dual antagonist of VLA-4 and alpha(4)beta(7).
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Affiliation(s)
- Linus S Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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Egger LA, Cao J, McCallum C, Kidambi U, Van Riper G, McCauley E, Mumford RA, Lanza TJ, Lin LS, de Laszlo SE, Young DN, Yang G, Dean DC, Raab CE, Wallace MA, Jones AN, Hagmann WK, Schmidt JA, Pepinsky RB, Scott DM, Lee WC, Cornebise MA, Detmers PA. A small molecule alpha4beta1/alpha4beta7 antagonist differentiates between the low-affinity states of alpha4beta1 and alpha4beta7: characterization of divalent cation dependence. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2003; 306:903-13. [PMID: 12766251 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.102.047704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An alpha4beta1/alpha4beta7 dual antagonist, 35S-compound 1, was used as a model ligand to study the effect of divalent cations on the activation state and ligand binding properties of alpha4 integrins. In the presence of 1 mM each Ca2+/Mg2+, 35S-compound 1 bound to several cell lines expressing both alpha4beta1 and alpha4beta7, but 2S-[(1-benzenesulfonyl-pyrrolidine-2S-carbonyl)-amino]-4-[4-methyl-2S-(methyl-[2-[4-(3-o-tolyl-ureido)-phenyl]-acetyl]-amino) pentanoylamino]-butyric acid (BIO7662), a specific alpha4beta1 antagonist, completely inhibited 35S-compound 1 binding, suggesting that alpha4beta1 was responsible for the observed binding. 35S-Compound 1 bound RPMI-8866 cells expressing predominantly alpha4beta7 with a KD of 1.9 nM in the presence of 1 mM Mn2+, and binding was inhibited only 29% by BIO7662, suggesting that the probe is a potent antagonist of activated alpha4beta7. With Ca2+/Mg2+, 35S-compound 1 bound Jurkat cells expressing primarily alpha4beta1 with a KD of 18 nM. In contrast, the binding of 35S-compound 1 to Mn2+-activated Jurkat cells occurred slowly, reaching equilibrium by 60 min, and failed to dissociate within another 60 min. The ability of four alpha4beta1/alpha4beta7 antagonists to block binding of activated alpha4beta1 or alpha4beta7 to vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 or mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1, respectively, or to 35S-compound 1 was measured, and a similar rank order of potency was observed for native ligand and probe. Inhibition of 35S-compound 1 binding to alpha4beta1 in Ca2+/Mg2+ was used to identify nonselective antagonists among these four. These studies demonstrate that alpha4beta1 and alpha4beta7 have distinct binding properties for the same ligand, and binding parameters are dependent on the state of integrin activation in response to different divalent cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A Egger
- Pharmacology, Merck & Co, Inc, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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Abstract
Circulating lymphocytes normally migrate through extravascular spaces in relatively low numbers as important members of the immunosurveillance process. That is until signals are received by endothelial cells that there is an underlying infection or inflammatory condition. These vascular surface cells in turn overexpress and present ligands to circulating lymphocyte adhesion molecules. Upon encountering this higher density of ligands, lymphocytes, which had been leisurely rolling along the vascular surface, now become more firmly attached, change shape, and migrate through tight junctions to the sites of infection or inflammation. If the initiating events are not resolved and the condition becomes chronic, there can be a sustained extravasation of lymphocytes that can exacerbate the inflammatory condition, which in turn will continue to recruit more inflammatory cells resulting in unwanted tissue destruction. It is for the attenuation of this cycle of sustained inflammatory cell recruitment that very late activating antigen-4 (VLA-4) antagonists are being developed. Most lymphocytes, except neutrophils, express VLA-4 on their surface and they interact with endothelial vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). It is this interaction that VLA-4 antagonists are intended to disrupt, thus, putting an end to the cycle of chronic inflammation, which is the hallmark of many diseases. This review will provide an update of VLA-4 antagonists that have appeared since early 2001 and will discuss some of the issues, both positive and negative, that may be encountered in their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginger X Yang
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07090, USA.
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Castanedo GM, Sailes FC, Dubree NJP, Nicholas JB, Caris L, Clark K, Keating SM, Beresini MH, Chiu H, Fong S, Marsters JC, Jackson DY, Sutherlin DP. Solid-phase synthesis of dual α4β1/α4β7 integrin antagonists: two scaffolds with overlapping pharmacophores. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:2913-7. [PMID: 12270174 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00597-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Two structural classes of dual alpha4beta1/alpha4beta7 integrin antagonists were investigated via solid-phase parallel synthesis. Using an acylated amino acid backbone, lead compounds containing biphenylalanine or tyrosine carbamate scaffolds were optimized for inhibition of alpha4beta1/VCAM and alpha4beta7/MAdCAM. A comparison of the structure-activity relationships in the inhibition of the alpha4beta7/MAdCAM interaction for substituted amines employed in both scaffolds suggests a similar binding mode for the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgette M Castanedo
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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Egger LA, Kidambi U, Cao J, Van Riper G, McCauley E, Mumford RA, Amo S, Lingham R, Lanza T, Lin LS, De Laszlo SE, Young DN, Kopka IE, Tong S, Pikounis B, Benson E, Warwood S, Bargatze RF, Hagmann WK, Schmidt JA, Detmers PA. Alpha(4)beta(7)/alpha(4)beta(1) dual integrin antagonists block alpha(4)beta(7)-dependent adhesion under shear flow. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2002; 302:153-62. [PMID: 12065712 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.302.1.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The alpha(4) integrin, alpha(4)beta(7), plays an important role in recruiting circulating lymphocytes to the gastrointestinal tract, where its ligand mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1) is preferentially expressed on high endothelial venules (HEVs). Dual antagonists of alpha(4)beta(1) and alpha(4)beta(7), N-(2,6-dichlorobenzoyl)-(L)-4-(2',6'-bis-methoxyphenyl)phenylalanine (TR14035) and N-(N-[(3,5-dichlorobenzene)sulfonyl]-2-(R)-methylpropyl)-(D)-phenylalanine (compound 1), were tested for their ability to block the binding of alpha(4)beta(7)-expressing cells to soluble ligand in suspension and under in vitro and in vivo shear flow. Compound 1 and TR14035 blocked the binding of human alpha(4)beta(7) to an (125)I-MAdCAM-Ig fusion protein with IC(50) values of 2.93 and 0.75 nM, respectively. Both compounds inhibited binding of soluble ligands to alpha(4)beta(1) or alpha(4)beta(7) on cells of human or rodent origin with similar potency. Under shear flow in vitro, TR14035 and compound 1 blocked binding of human alpha(4)beta(7)-expressing RPMI-8866 cells or murine mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes to MAdCAM-Ig with IC(50) values of 0.1 and 1 microM, respectively. Intravital microscopy was used to quantitate alpha(4)-dependent adhesion of fluorescent murine lymphocytes in Peyer's patch HEVs. When cells were prestimulated with 2 mM Mn(2+) to activate alpha(4)beta(7) binding to ligand, anti-alpha(4) monoclonal antibody (mAb) [10 mg/kg (mpk) i.v.] blocked adhesion by 95%, and anti-beta(1) mAb did not block adhesion, demonstrating that this interaction was dependent on alpha(4)beta(7). TR14035 blocked adhesion to HEVs [ED(50) of 0.01-0.1 mpk i.v.], and compound 1 blocked adhesion by 47% at 10 mpk i.v. Thus, alpha(4)beta(7)/alpha(4)beta(1) antagonists blocked alpha(4)beta(7)-dependent adhesion of lymphocytes to HEVs under both in vitro and in vivo shear flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A Egger
- Pharmacology Division, Merck, PO Box 2000, RY8ON-A26, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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Chen L, Trilles R, Miklowski D, Huang TN, Fry D, Campbell R, Rowan K, Schwinge V, Tilley JW. Focused library approach for identification of new N-acylphenylalanines as VCAM/VLA-4 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:1679-82. [PMID: 12039589 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00201-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A structure-based focused library approach was employed in an effort to identify more lipophilic replacements for the N-benzylpyroglutamyl group of the VCAM/VLA-4 antagonist 2. This effort led to the discovery of two new classes of potent antagonists characterized by the N-(alpha-phenylcyclopentanoyl- and the N-(2,6-dimethylbenzoyl)-derivatives 60 and 64.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Roche Research Center, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA.
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Yang GX, Chang LL, Truong Q, Doherty GA, Magriotis PA, de Laszlo SE, Li B, MacCoss M, Kidambi U, Egger LA, McCauley E, Van Riper G, Mumford RA, Schmidt JA, Hagmann WK. N-Tetrahydrofuroyl-(L)-phenylalanine derivatives as potent VLA-4 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:1497-500. [PMID: 12031328 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00210-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Given the proposed involvement of VLA-4 in inflammatory processes, a program to identify orally active VLA-4 antagonists was initiated. Herein, we report the discovery of a N-tetrahydrofuroyl-(L)-phenylalanine derivative (17) and related analogues as potent VLA-4 antagonists with good oral bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginger X Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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Doherty GA, Yang GX, Borges E, Chang LL, MacCoss M, Tong S, Kidambi U, Egger LA, McCauley E, Van Riper G, Mumford RA, Schmidt JA, Hagmann WK. Substituted tetrahydrofuroyl-1-phenylalanine derivatives as potent and specific VLA-4 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:1501-5. [PMID: 12031329 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00211-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of substituted tetrahydrofuroyl-1-phenylalanine derivatives was prepared and evaluated as VLA-4 antagonists. Substitution of the alpha carbon of the tetrahydrofuran with aryl groups increased the specificity for VLA-4 versus alpha(4)beta(7) while amide substitution increased the potency of the series without increasing the specificity. Substitution of the beta carbon of the tetrahydrofuran with keto or amino groups slightly improved the specificity for VLA-4 versus alpha(4)beta(7) but with a significant loss in binding affinity for VLA-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Doherty
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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