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Gadais C, Ballet S. The Neurokinins: Peptidomimetic Ligand Design and Therapeutic Applications. Curr Med Chem 2018; 27:1515-1561. [PMID: 30209994 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180913095918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The neurokinins are indisputably essential neurotransmitters in numerous pathoand physiological events. Being widely distributed in the Central Nervous System (CNS) and peripheral tissues, their discovery rapidly promoted them to drugs targets. As a necessity for molecular tools to understand the biological role of this class, endogenous peptides and their receptors prompted the scientific community to design ligands displaying either agonist and antagonist activity at the three main neurokinin receptors, called NK1, NK2 and NK3. Several strategies were implemented for this purpose. With a preference to small non-peptidic ligands, many research groups invested efforts in synthesizing and evaluating a wide range of scaffolds, but only the NK1 antagonist Aprepitant (EMENDT) and its prodrug Fosaprepitant (IVEMENDT) have been approved by the Food Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of Chemotherapy-Induced and Post-Operative Nausea and Vomiting (CINV and PONV, respectively). While non-peptidic drugs showed limitations, especially in side effect control, peptidic and pseudopeptidic compounds progressively regained attention. Various strategies were implemented to modulate affinity, selectivity and activity of the newly designed ligands. Replacement of canonical amino acids, incorporation of conformational constraints, and fusion with non-peptidic moieties gave rise to families of ligands displaying individual or dual NK1, NK2 and NK3 antagonism, that ultimately were combined with non-neurokinin ligands (such as opioids) to target enhanced biological impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlène Gadais
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Steven Ballet
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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2
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Proulx C, Lubell WD. Analysis ofN-amino-imidazolin-2-one peptide turn mimic 4-position substituent effects on conformation by X-ray crystallography. Biopolymers 2014; 102:7-15. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.22327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Proulx
- Département de Chimie; Université de Montréal; C.P. 6128, Succursale Center-Ville Montréal QC H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - William D. Lubell
- Département de Chimie; Université de Montréal; C.P. 6128, Succursale Center-Ville Montréal QC H3C 3J7 Canada
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Rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylation in fused azapolycycles synthesis. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2013; 342:151-86. [PMID: 23609320 DOI: 10.1007/128_2013_432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
N-Heterocycles, including fused ones, have proven to be an important class of compounds since they possess biological and pharmacological activities themselves and serve as valuable intermediates for synthetic drug discovery. My interest in the synthesis of these compounds stems from studies dealing with the hydroformylation (oxo) of olefins. The dihydroindolizines and benzofused ones are easily generated via rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylation of N-allylpyrroles and indoles: the butanal intermediate undergoes an intramolecular cyclodehydration giving the final polycyclic compound. This chapter reports my results in the area of the conversions of oxo aldehydes with additional C,C-bond-forming reactions together with relevant work from other laboratories on additional C,N-bond-forming reactions, encountered in the field of Azapolycycles synthesis over the last 5 years or so. The intramolecular sequences for polycylization will be especially emphasized using rhodium complexes to effect these transformations, under both conventional and microwave heating.
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Manzoni L, Bassanini M, Belvisi L, Motto I, Scolastico C, Castorina M, Pisano C. Nonpeptide Integrin Antagonists: RGD Mimetics Incorporating Substituted Azabicycloalkanes as Amino Acid Replacements. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200600840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Manzoni L, Arosio D, Belvisi L, Bracci A, Colombo M, Invernizzi D, Scolastico C. Functionalized Azabicycloalkane Amino Acids by Nitrone 1,3-Dipolar Intramolecular Cycloaddition. J Org Chem 2005; 70:4124-32. [PMID: 15876105 DOI: 10.1021/jo0500683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] An efficient and operationally simple method for the synthesis of functionalized azaoxobicyclo[X.3.0]alkane amino acids has been devised. The key step is an intramolecular nitrone cycloaddition on 5-allyl- or 5-homoallylproline that was found to be completely regio- and stereoselective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Manzoni
- C.N.R.-Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari, and Centro Interdisciplinare Studi bio-molecolari e applicazioni Industriali, Via Venezian 21, I-20133, Milano, Italy.
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Hanessian S, Sailes H, Therrien E. Synthesis of functionally diverse bicyclic sulfonamides as constrained proline analogues and application to the design of potential thrombin inhibitors. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(03)00919-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hanessian S, Kornienko A, Swayze EE. Probing the functional requirements of the l-haba side-chain of amikacin—synthesis, 16S A-site rRNA binding, and antibacterial activity. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)01625-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hanessian S, Therrien E, Granberg K, Nilsson I. Targeting thrombin and factor VIIa: design, synthesis, and inhibitory activity of functionally relevant indolizidinones. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:2907-11. [PMID: 12270173 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00612-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Guided by molecular modeling, docking experiments, and available X-ray crystal structure data on the serine protease Factor VIIa and thrombin, a series of indolizidinone derivatives was designed and synthesized having diverse functionality at the P1, P2, and P3 sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Hanessian
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Station Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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Halab L, Gosselin F, Lubell WD. Design, synthesis, and conformational analysis of azacycloalkane amino acids as conformationally constrained probes for mimicry of peptide secondary structures. Biopolymers 2001; 55:101-22. [PMID: 11074409 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0282(2000)55:2<101::aid-bip20>3.0.co;2-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Conformationally constrained amino acid and dipeptide units can serve in mimics of specific secondary structures for studying relationships between peptide conformation and biological activity. A variety of mimics are required to study systematically the structure-activity relationships in biologically relevant peptides. We present our efforts on the design, synthesis, and conformational analysis of a series of rigid surrogates of amino acid and dipeptide units for application within constrained peptide analogues, and for employment as inputs for combinatorial science. Conceived to be general and versatile, our methodology has delivered a variety of azacycloalkane and azabicycloalkane amino acids in enantiomerically pure form, via practical methods, from readily available and inexpensive starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Halab
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, C. P. 6128, Succursale Centre Ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
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Hanessian S, Balaux E, Musil D, Olsson LL, Nilsson I. Exploring the chiral space within the active site of alpha-thrombin with a constrained mimic of D-Phe-Pro-Arg--design, synthesis, inhibitory activity, and X-ray structure of an enzyme-inhibitor complex. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:243-7. [PMID: 10698445 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00669-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An indolizidinone motif with strategically placed substitutents was designed and synthesized as a constrained mimic of D-Phe-Pro-Arg. Low nanomolar inhibition of alpha-thrombin validates the design elements in this inhibitor which also exhibits a 20-fold selectivity for thrombin versus trypsin. An X-ray crystal structure of the inhibitor with alpha-thrombin shows the expected interactions with key amino acids within the active site and some notable changes in positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hanessian
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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Patiño-Molina R, Herranz R, Teresa García-López M, González-Muñiz R. Stereoselective reductive amination of β-keto esters derived from dipeptides. Stereochemical and mechanistic studies on the formation of 5-carboxymethyl-2-oxopiperazine derivatives. Tetrahedron 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(99)00957-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Curran TP, Marcaurelle LA, O'Sullivan KM. A short synthesis of bicyclic dipeptides corresponding to Xxx-L-Pro Xxx-D-Pro having constrained trans-proline amides. Org Lett 1999; 1:1225-8. [PMID: 10825972 DOI: 10.1021/ol9902069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[formula: see text] A short synthesis that generates two isomeric bicyclic dipeptides having constrained, trans-proline amide bonds has been developed. One of these bicyclic dipeptides corresponds to an Xxx-L-Pro dipeptide (4), while the other isomer corresponds to an Xxx-D-Pro dipeptide (5). The two isomers are readily distinguished by their 1H NMR spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Curran
- Department of Chemistry, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, Massachusetts 01610-2395, USA.
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Polyak F, Lubell WD. Rigid Dipeptide Mimics: Synthesis of Enantiopure 5- and 7-Benzyl and 5,7-Dibenzyl Indolizidinone Amino Acids via Enolization and Alkylation of delta-Oxo alpha,omega-Di-[N-(9-(9-phenylfluorenyl))amino]azelate Esters. J Org Chem 1998; 63:5937-5949. [PMID: 11672198 DOI: 10.1021/jo980596x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Azabicyclo[X.Y.0]alkane amino acids are tools for constructing mimics of peptide structure and templates for generating combinatorial libraries for drug discovery. Our methodology for synthesizing these conformationally rigid dipeptides has been elaborated such that alkyl groups can be appended onto the heterocycle to generate mimics of peptide backbone and side-chain structure. Inexpensive glutamic acid was employed as chiral educt in a Claisen condensation/ketone alkylation/reductive amination/lactam cyclization sequence that furnished alkyl-branched azabicyclo[4.3.0]alkane amino acid. Enantiopure 5-benzyl-, 7-benzyl-, and 5,7-dibenzylindolizidinone amino acids 2-4 were stereoselectively synthesized via efficient reaction sequences featuring the alkylation of di-tert-butyl alpha,omega-di-[N-(PhF)amino]azelate delta-ketone 5. A variety of alkyl halides were readily added to the enolate of ketone 5 to provide mono- and dialkylated ketones 6 and 7. Hydride additions to 6 and 7, methanesulfonations, and intramolecular S(N)2 displacements by the PhF amine gave 5-alkylprolines that were converted by lactam cyclizations into 7- and 5-benzyl-, as well as 5,7-dibenzyl-2-oxo-3-N-(BOC)amino-1-azabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane-9-carboxylate methyl esters 10, 11, and 14. Epimerization of the alkyl-branched stereocenter via an iminium-enaminium equilibrium proved effective for controlling diastereoselectivity in reductive aminations with 6 and 7 in order to furnish 5-alkylprolines that were similarly converted to 7- benzyl- and 5,7-dibenzylindolizidinone N-(BOC)amino esters 10 and 14. Ester hydrolysis with hydroxide ion and potassium trimethylsilanolate then gave enantiopure indolizidinone amino acids 2-4. Epimerization at C-9 of benzylindolizidinone amino esters was also used to provide alternative diastereomers of 10, 11, and 14. This practical methodology for introducing side-chain groups onto the heterocycle with regioselective and diastereoselective control is designed to enhance the use of alkyl-branched azabicycloalkane amino acids for the exploration of conformation-activity relationships of various biologically active peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Polyak
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal C. P. 6128, Succursale Centre Ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
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Hanessian S, McNaughton-Smith G, Lombart HG, Lubell WD. Design and synthesis of conformationally constrained amino acids as versatile scaffolds and peptide mimetics. Tetrahedron 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(97)00476-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 448] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Lombart HG, Lubell WD. Rigid Dipeptide Mimetics: Efficient Synthesis of Enantiopure Indolizidinone Amino Acids. J Org Chem 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jo961872f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henry-Georges Lombart
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre Ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - William D. Lubell
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre Ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
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Hanessian S, McNaughton-Smith G. A versatile synthesis of a β-turn peptidomimetic scaffold: An approach towards a designed model antagonist of the tachykinin NK-2 receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(96)00275-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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