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Mukherjee J, Gupta MN. Molecular bioimprinting of lipases with surfactants and its functional consequences in low water media. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 81:544-51. [PMID: 26306412 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lipases from Thermomyces lanuginosa (TLL), Candida rugosa (CRL) and Burkholderia cepacia (BCL) were obtained in the 'open lid' form by adding surfactant molecules like n-octyl-β-d-glucopyranoside (OG), hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), Bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate sodium salt (AOT) and triton X-100 for this purpose. The enzymes were 'dried' by precipitating with 4× (v/v) excess of organic solvents. The imprint surfactant molecules were removed by extensive washing with organic solvents. TLL imprinted with 0.05% CTAB showed 11-fold increase in the transesterification activity and was a better preparation to kinetically resolve (±)-1-phenylethanol. Fluorescence emission spectra confirmed that Trp89 of the lid was indeed affected during bioimprinting. With CRL, bioimprinting with OG gave 7-fold increase in the transesterification rates and resulted in reversal of enantioselectivity of CRL and gave R-phenylethyl acetate instead of the S-product as with the unimprinted precipitate. Bioimprinted BCL was also a 7-fold better catalyst for transesterification as well as enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyeeta Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Munishwar Nath Gupta
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.
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Arora B, Mukherjee J, Gupta MN. Enzyme promiscuity: using the dark side of enzyme specificity in white biotechnology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1186/s40508-014-0025-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Enzyme promiscuity can be classified into substrate promiscuity, condition promiscuity and catalytic promiscuity. Enzyme promiscuity results in far larger ranges of organic compounds which can be obtained by biocatalysis. While early examples mostly involved use of lipases, more recent literature shows that catalytic promiscuity occurs more widely and many other classes of enzymes can be used to obtain diverse kinds of molecules. This is of immense relevance in the context of white biotechnology as enzyme catalysed reactions use greener conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Faber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 16, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Gianluca Ottolina
- Istituto di Chimica degli Ormoni, C.N.R., Via Mario Bianco 9, 1-20131, Milano, Italy
| | - Sergio Riva
- Istituto di Chimica degli Ormoni, C.N.R., Via Mario Bianco 9, 1-20131, Milano, Italy
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Kamal A, Azhar MA, Krishnaji T, Malik MS, Azeeza S. Approaches based on enzyme mediated kinetic to dynamic kinetic resolutions: A versatile route for chiral intermediates. Coord Chem Rev 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2007.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
The technological utility of enzymes can be enhanced greatly by using them in organic solvents rather than their natural aqueous reaction media. Studies over the past 15 years have revealed not only that this change in solvent is feasible, but also that in such seemingly hostile environments enzymes can catalyse reactions impossible in water, become more stable, and exhibit new behaviour such as 'molecular memory'. Of particular importance has been the discovery that enzymatic selectivity, including substrate, stereo-, regio- and chemoselectivity, can be markedly affected, and sometimes even inverted, by the solvent. Enzyme-catalysed reactions in organic solvents, and even in supercritical fluids and the gas phase, have found numerous potential applications, some of which are already commercialized.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Klibanov
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, USA.
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Overbeeke PL, Jongejan JA, Heijnen JJ. Solvent effect on lipase enantioselectivity. Evidence for the presence of two thermodynamic states. Biotechnol Bioeng 2000; 70:278-90. [PMID: 10992232 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0290(20001105)70:3<278::aid-bit5>3.0.co;2-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The enantioselectivity of lipase-catalyzed kinetic resolutions has been measured at various temperatures in binary mixtures of solvents. Varying the solvent composition and temperature had a profound effect on the enantiomeric ratio. The values for delta delta H(R-S)(#) and delta delta S(R-S)(#), calculated from the E values measured at various temperatures, were estimated as a function of the solvent composition. By plotting delta delta H(R-S)(#) versus delta delta S(R-S)(#) as a function of the solvent composition, an extreme was observed. The resulting "hairpin-type" enthalpy-entropy compensation plots can be described by assuming the presence of two thermodynamically distinct physical states, displaying different enantioselectivities, that are in equilibrium with one another. Changing the solvent composition results in a change in the equilibrium constant K(eq) for the two states. The intriguing bell-shaped curves of the enantioselectivity versus solvent composition observed for lipase-catalyzed kinetic resolutions can be described assuming a linear correlation for the logarithm of K(eq) and the solvent composition. Thus, a simulation of the two-state model adequately describes the solvent effects found for lipase-catalyzed kinetic resolutions in binary mixtures of solvents and possibly in series of homologous organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Overbeeke
- Kluyver Laboratory for Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC, Delft, The Netherlands
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Abstract
The tripeptide Bz-Arg-Gly-Asp(-OMe)-OH was synthesized by enzymatic method. Bz-Arg-Gly-OEt was synthesized by trypsin in ethanol containing 0.1 M Tris/HCl buffer (pH 8.0), and then H-Asp(-OMe)(2) was incorporated into the Bz-Arg-Gly-OEt using chymopapain in 0.25M CHES/NaOH buffer (pH = 9.0, EDTA 10 mM). The yield of Bz-Arg-Gly-OEt and Bz-Arg-Gly-Asp(-OMe)-OH were 80% and 70% using 1M Bz-Arg-OEt and 0.5M Bz-Arg-Gly-OEt, respectively. For Bz-Arg-Gly-OEt synthesis reaction at high concentrations of the substrates, the buffer content in ethanol was a key factor to determine the optimal reaction condition. In Bz-Arg-Gly-Asp(-OMe)-OH synthesis reaction, the yield was low in organic solvent due to various side products such as Bz-Arg-OH, Bz-Arg-Gly-OH, and Bz-Arg-Gly-Asp(-OMe)-Asp(-OMe)-OH, suggesting that chymopapain has a very broad substrate specificity of the S(1) site. The Bz-Arg-Gly-Asp(-OMe)-OH synthesis rate and its yield were dramatically elevated and the side reactions were reduced using only the CHES/NaOH buffer (pH = 9.0, EDTA 10 mM) as a reaction media. The final product Bz-Arg-Gly-Asp(-OMe)-OH was identified to be formed via C-terminal hydrolysis of Bz-Arg-Gly-Asp(-OMe)(2) after the nucleophile, H-Asp(-OMe)(2), was added.
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Ke T, Wescott CR, Klibanov AM. Prediction of the Solvent Dependence of Enzymatic Prochiral Selectivity by Means of Structure-Based Thermodynamic Calculations. J Am Chem Soc 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ja952674t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ke
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Charles R. Wescott
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Alexander M. Klibanov
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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Franssen MC, Jongejan H, Kooijman H, Spek AL, Camacho Mondril NL, Boavida dos Santos PM, de Groot A. Resolution of a tetrahydrofuran ester by Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) and an examination of CRL's stereochemical preference in organic media. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0957-4166(96)00033-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Herradón B, Valverde S. Biocatalytic synthesis of chiral polyoxygenated compounds: modulation of the selectivity upon changes in the experimental conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0957-4166(94)80118-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
The discovery that enzymes possess catalytic activity in organic solvents has made it possible to address the question of the influence of the reaction medium on enzymatic specificity. Recently, the substrate specificity, enantioselectivity, prochiral selectivity, regioselectivity, and chemoselectivity of enzymes have been found to dramatically depend on the nature of the solvent. This review discusses the scope, possible mechanisms, and implications of this phenomenon, as well as directions of future research in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Wescott
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139
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Use of Hydrolytic Enzymes: Amidases, Proteases, Esterases, Lipases, Nitrilases, Phosphatases, Epoxide Hydrolases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-035941-0.50009-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Vänttinen E, Kanerva LT. Lipase-catalysed transesterification in the preparation of optically active solketal. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1039/p19940003459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Rakels JL, Straathof AJ, Heijnen JJ. A simple method to determine the enantiomeric ratio in enantioselective biocatalysis. Enzyme Microb Technol 1993; 15:1051-6. [PMID: 7505594 DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(93)90053-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The enantiomeric ratio (E) is commonly used to characterize the enantioselectivity in enzyme-catalyzed kinetic resolution. In this paper this parameter is directly derived from the enantiomeric excess of substrate and product. This is formally more correct than using Chen's equation after calculating the degree of conversion from both ee values using the relation of Sih and Wu. New expressions and useful graphs have been generated for reversible and irreversible uni-uni reactions. The theoretical predictions have been verified experimentally for various reactions. Values for E and the thermodynamic equilibrium constant, KEQ, were obtained for a (DL)-dehalogenase-catalyzed dehalogenation, a hydrolysis reaction by porcine pancreatic lipase, and for C. Cylindracea lipase-catalyzed esterification and transesterification. In view of the current developments in the field of chiral analysis, this method is an easily available tool in the quantitative treatment of enzyme-catalyzed resolution of enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Rakels
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands
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Lipase-catalyzed transesterification in organic solvents: Applications to the preparation of enantiomerically pure compounds. Enzyme Microb Technol 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(93)90123-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Herradón B, Cueto S, Morcuende A, Valverde S. Regio- and enantioselective esterifications of polyoxygenated compounds catalyzed by lipases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(00)80123-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Double enantioselective esterification of racemic acids and alcohols by lipase from Candida cylindracea. Biotechnol Lett 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00133020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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