1
|
Zhang Z, Chen Z, Liu S, Xiao Z, Luo Y, Pan X, Feng X, Xu L. Anisamide-conjugated hairpin antisense oligonucleotides prodrug co-delivering doxorubicin exhibited enhanced anticancer efficacy. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116390. [PMID: 38460362 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotides (ASONs)-based therapeutics offers tremendous promise for the treatment of diverse diseases. However, there is still a need to develop ASONs with enhanced stability against enzymes, improved drug delivery, and enhanced biological potency. In this study, we propose a novel anisamide (AA)-conjugated hairpin oligonucleotide prodrug loading with chemotherapeutic agent (doxorubicin, DOX) (AA-loop-ASON/DOX) for oncotherapy. Results indicated that the introduction of a hairpin conformation and AA ligand in prodrug significantly improved the stability against enzymatic hydrolysis, as well as the cellar uptake of ASONs and DOX. The incorporation of disulfide bonds could trigger mechanical opening, resulting in the release of ASON and DOX in response to the intracellular glutathione (GSH) in tumors. Moreover, the composite of DOX-loading ASONs prodrug exhibited a robust and selective inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. This paper introduces a novel design concept for nucleic acid-based therapeutics, aiming to enhance the delivery of drug and improve biological effectiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Zuyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China; China Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Shuangshuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China; China Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Zhenyu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yuan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xiaochen Pan
- Beijing Easyresearch Technology Limited, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xuesong Feng
- China Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Liang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang Z, Chen Z, Li C, Xiao Z, Luo Y, Pan X, Xu L, Feng X. Synthesis, Biophysical Properties, and Antitumor Activity of Antisense Oligonucleotides Conjugated with Anisamide. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1645. [PMID: 37376093 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotides (ASONs) have proven potential for the treatment of various diseases. However, their limited bioavailability restricts their clinical application. New structures with improved enzyme resistance stability and efficient drug delivery are needed. In this work, we propose a novel category of ASONs bearing anisamide conjugation at phosphorothioate sites for oncotherapy. ASONs can be conjugated with the ligand anisamide very efficiently and flexibly in a solution. The conjugation sites and the ligand amount both influence anti-enzymatic stability and cellular uptake, resulting in changes in antitumor activity that are detectable by cytotoxicity assay. The conjugate with double anisamide (T6) was identified as the optimal conjugate, and its antitumor activity and the underlying mechanism were examined further in vitro and in vivo. This paper presents a new strategy for the design of nucleic acid-based therapeutics with improved drug delivery and biophysical and biological efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Zuyi Chen
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Cheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Fourth Clinical College of Peking University, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Zhenyu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yuan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xiaochen Pan
- Beijing Easyresearch Technology Limited, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Liang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xuesong Feng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fàbrega C, Aviñó A, Navarro N, Jorge AF, Grijalvo S, Eritja R. Lipid and Peptide-Oligonucleotide Conjugates for Therapeutic Purposes: From Simple Hybrids to Complex Multifunctional Assemblies. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020320. [PMID: 36839642 PMCID: PMC9959333 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Antisense and small interfering RNA (siRNA) oligonucleotides have been recognized as powerful therapeutic compounds for targeting mRNAs and inducing their degradation. However, a major obstacle is that unmodified oligonucleotides are not readily taken up into tissues and are susceptible to degradation by nucleases. For these reasons, the design and preparation of modified DNA/RNA derivatives with better stability and an ability to be produced at large scale with enhanced uptake properties is of vital importance to improve current limitations. In the present study, we review the conjugation of oligonucleotides with lipids and peptides in order to produce oligonucleotide conjugates for therapeutics aiming to develop novel compounds with favorable pharmacokinetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carme Fàbrega
- Nucleic Acids Chemistry Group, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Aviñó
- Nucleic Acids Chemistry Group, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Navarro
- Nucleic Acids Chemistry Group, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andreia F. Jorge
- Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Centre (CQC), University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Santiago Grijalvo
- Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Colloidal and Interfacial Chemistry Group, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Eritja
- Nucleic Acids Chemistry Group, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-934006145
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Borre Hansen M, Krog Andersen N, Raunkjaer M, Trolle Jørgensen P, Wengel J. Functionalization of 2″- C-(Piperazinomethyl)-2′,3′-BcNA (Bicyclic Nucleic Acids) with Pyren-1-ylcarbonyl Units. Helv Chim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201400141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
5
|
Ikonen S, Macícková-Cahová H, Pohl R, Sanda M, Hocek M. Synthesis of nucleoside and nucleotide conjugates of bile acids, and polymerase construction of bile acid-functionalized DNA. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:1194-201. [PMID: 20165813 DOI: 10.1039/b924072a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions of 5-iodopyrimidine or 7-iodo-7-deazaadenine nucleosides with bile acid-derived terminal acetylenes linked via an ester or amide tether gave the corresponding bile acid-nucleoside conjugates. Analogous reactions of halogenated nucleoside triphosphates gave directly bile acid-modified dNTPs. Enzymatic incorporation of these modified nucleotides to DNA was successfully performed using Phusion polymerase for primer extension. One of the dNTPs (dCTP bearing cholic acid) was also efficient for PCR amplification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satu Ikonen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Gilead & IOCB Research Center, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gissot A, Camplo M, Grinstaff MW, Barthélémy P. Nucleoside, nucleotide and oligonucleotide based amphiphiles: a successful marriage of nucleic acids with lipids. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:1324-33. [PMID: 18385837 DOI: 10.1039/b719280k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic molecules based on nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides are finding more and more biotechnological applications. This Perspective highlights their synthesis, supramolecular organization as well as their applications in the field of biotechnology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Gissot
- Université Victor Segalen, Bordeaux, F-33076, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
|
8
|
Lehmann TJ, Engels JW. Synthesis and properties of bile acid phosphoramidites 5'-tethered to antisense oligodeoxynucleotides against HCV. Bioorg Med Chem 2001; 9:1827-35. [PMID: 11425584 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(01)00079-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we synthesized antisense oligonucleotides (AS-ODNs) directed against the non-coding-region (NCR) and the adjacent core region of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA. Backbone modifications like phosphorothioates, methyl- and benzylphosphonates were introduced three at each end of the sequence. For improvement of liver specific drug targeting and/or hepatocellular uptake efficient AS-ODNs were covalently conjugated to biomolecules such as cholesterol or bile acids. The use of base-labile alkylphosphonates afforded mild conditions for deprotection of bile acid conjugated AS-ODNs. Here, we describe a convenient synthesis of new cholic acid and taurocholic acid phosphoramidites. Derivatization to taurocholic acid was effected directly before phosphitylation reaction, which is the last step of the phosphoramidite synthesis. These building blocks were coupled to the 5'-position of AS-ODNs in the last step of solid-phase synthesis. After mild deprotection, purification and characterization the properties of these modified AS-ODNs like their lipophilicity or their ability to form stable duplices to DNA and RNA were investigated. Enhanced lipophilicity and formation of stable duplices and heteroduplices makes bile acid conjugated AS-ODNs interesting as antiviral antisense therapeutics against HCV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T J Lehmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Marie-Curie-Strasse 11, D-60439 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Starke D, Lischka K, Pagels P, Uhlmann E, Kramer W, Wess G, Petzinger E. Bile acid-oligodeoxynucleotide conjugates: synthesis and liver excretion in rats. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:945-9. [PMID: 11294397 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00048-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of bile acid oligodeoxynucleotide conjugates via the 3-OH group of the bile acids is described. When used in vivo in rats, covalent conjugation of an oligodeoxynucleotide via a linker to cholic acid resulted in an increased biliary excretion of bile acid-oligodeoxynucleotide conjugates compared to unconjugated oligodeoxynucleotides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Starke
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Edwards TE, Okonogi TM, Robinson BH, Sigurdsson ST. Site-specific incorporation of nitroxide spin-labels into internal sites of the TAR RNA; structure-dependent dynamics of RNA by EPR spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:1527-8. [PMID: 11456739 DOI: 10.1021/ja005649i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T E Edwards
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bleczinski CF, Richert C. Steroid−DNA Interactions Increasing Stability, Sequence-Selectivity, DNA/RNA Discrimination, and Hypochromicity of Oligonucleotide Duplexes. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9920415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Colleen F. Bleczinski
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - Clemens Richert
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
LeDoan T, Etore F, Tenu JP, Letourneux Y, Agrawal S. Cell binding, uptake and cytosolic partition of HIV anti-gag phosphodiester oligonucleotides 3'-linked to cholesterol derivatives in macrophages. Bioorg Med Chem 1999; 7:2263-9. [PMID: 10632036 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(99)00115-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the cell interactions of a new class of compounds composed of phosphodiester oligonucleotides linked to the cholesterol group at position 3, 7, or 22 of the steroid structure. The resulting conjugates were assessed for their capacity to bind, penetrate and partition in the cytoplasmic compartment of murine macrophages. The results showed that lipophilic conjugates bind to cells much faster (t(1/2) < or = 10 min) than do underivatized oligomers. Oligomers tethered to the cholesterol at positions 3 and 7 (PO-GEM-3-Chol and PO-GEM-7-Chol) interacted more efficiently with cell membranes and were better internalized than oligomers attached to the cholesterol moiety at position 22 (PO-GEM-22-Chol). The cytosolic fraction of internalized oligomers was studied by a digitonin-based membrane permeabilization method. The recovered fraction of oligomers that can freely diffuse from the cytosol was comparable for GEM-91, a phosphorothioate congener, and for PO-GEM-7-Chol (50-60% of the internalized oligomers), while that of PO-GEM-3-Chol was less (30% of the internalized oligomers) indicating a higher membrane affinity of the latter derivative as compared to the other investigated compounds. Membrane binding and cell internalization correlated well with the hydrophobicity of the conjugates as characterized by their partition coefficients in a water-octanol system. Due to their capacity of rapid binding and cytosolic partition in cells, cholesterol-derivatized oligonucleotides at position 3 or 7 of the steroid molecule appeared as good candidates for systemic delivery of anti-HIV antisense compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T LeDoan
- Laboratoire de Biochimie des Transports Cellulaires, CNRS UMR 8619, Université de Paris XI, Orsay, France.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Petzinger E, Wickboldt A, Pagels P, Starke D, Kramer W. Hepatobiliary transport of bile acid amino acid, bile acid peptide, and bile acid oligonucleotide conjugates in rats. Hepatology 1999; 30:1257-68. [PMID: 10534348 DOI: 10.1002/hep.510300529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Uptake of drugs by bile acid carriers could account for the selectivity of drug actions in the gut and liver. We have previously shown that conjugation of xenobiotics with bile acids facilitates their transfer to hepatocytes and ileal enterocytes. In this study L-alanine and 2 biooligomers, the tetrapeptide L-(ala)(4) and a 15 mer oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) were coupled covalently via linker molecules to the 3-position of bile acids. The L-alanine-coupled bile acid conjugates were rapidly taken up by the liver and efficiently eliminated into bile. These compounds mimicked hepatic transport of bile acids. Also in case of the tetrapeptide (ala)(4), bile acid conjugation significantly improved hepatic and intestinal cell uptake and rendered the peptide conjugate resistant to peptidases. Because uptake by isolated hepatocytes was not dependent on sodium ions and was blocked by ochratoxin A, we assume basolateral transport by an oatp-type bile acid carrier. In the case of the 15 mer ODN, normal and bile acid-conjugated oligodeoxynucleotide appeared intact in bile but without marked improvement of hepatocellular uptake and biliary elimination. We conclude that bile acids can deliver small peptides to gut and parenchymal liver cells via bile acid transport pathways, whereas in the case of oligonucleotides an attached bile acid was not sufficient to shuttle them successfully into hepatocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Petzinger
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
Sakakura A, Hayakawa Y, Harada H, Hirose M, Noyori R. A novel approach to oligodeoxyribonucleotides bearing phosphoric acid esters at the 3′-terminals via the phosphoramidite method with allyl protection: An efficient synthesis of base-labile nucleotide-amino acid and -peptide conjugates. Tetrahedron Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(99)00748-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|
16
|
Bonora GM, Zaramella S, Veronese FM. Synthesis by High-Efficiency Liquid-Phase (HELP) Method of Oligonucleotides Conjugated with High-Molecular Weight Polyethylene Glycols (PEGs). Biol Proced Online 1998; 1:59-69. [PMID: 12734594 PMCID: PMC140118 DOI: 10.1251/bpo2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/1998] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical modification of synthetic oligonucleotides has recently been investigated to improve their pharmacological utilization. In addition to chemical alterations of the backbone and of the heterocyclic bases, their conjugation with amphiphylic moieties, such as the polyethylene glycol has been proposed. The large scale production of these molecules as demanded for commercial purposes is hampered by the heterogeneity of the solid-phase processes and by the low reactivity of high-molecular weight PEGs in solution. A new synthetic procedure based on the recently developed liquid-phase method (HELP), has been set up to overcome these limitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G M Bonora
- University of Cagliari, Pharmaco-Chemico-Technological Department. Via Ospedale 72 - 09127 Cagliari. New Address (from 1999): University of Trieste, Dept. of Chemical Sciences-Via Giorgieri 1-34127-Trieste. Italy.University of Padova. Italy.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
|
18
|
Affiliation(s)
- W Kramer
- Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sawai K, Miyao T, Takakura Y, Hashida M. Renal disposition characteristics of oligonucleotides modified at terminal linkages in the perfused rat kidney. ANTISENSE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 1995; 5:279-87. [PMID: 8746777 DOI: 10.1089/ard.1995.5.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the renal disposition characteristics of oligonucleotides at the organ level, the renal handling of model end-capped oligonucleotides, 3'-methoxyethylamine 5'-biotin-decathymidylic acid containing phosphoramidate modifications at 3'- and 5'-terminal internucleoside linkages (T10) and its phosphorothioate (Ts10), were studied in the perfused rat kidney. In a single-pass indicator dilution experiment, venous outflow and urinary excretion patterns and tissue accumulation of radiolabeled oligonucleotides were evaluated under filtering or nonfiltering conditions. No significant binding to bovine serum albumin (BSA) in the perfusate was observed for T10, whereas more than 90% of Ts10 bound to BSA. The steady-state distribution volume of T10 calculated from the venous outflow pattern was larger than that of inulin, which corresponds to the extracellular volume of the kidney, whereas the distribution volume of Ts10 was larger than that of BSA (the intravascular volume). These results suggested their interaction with the vascular wall. Rapid urinary excretion was observed for T10, similar to inulin used as a marker of golmerular filtration rate. On the other hand, urinary excretion of Ts10 was greatly restricted due to its high binding ability (> 90%) to BSA in the perfusate. A significant amount of T10 and Ts10 was accumulated in the kidney (T10, 1.8% of injected dose; Ts10, 1.3%) compared with inulin (0.2%) and BSA (< 0.1%). The accumulation of these oligonucleotides was ascribed to both tubular reabsorption and uptake from the capillary side. In addition, the uptake of T10 from the capillary side was significantly inhibited by simultaneous injection of dextran sulfate, suggesting that the oligonucleotide was taken up as an anionic molecule. These findings will be useful information for the development of delivery systems for antisense oligonucleotides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Sawai
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|