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Khamkar SL, Handore KL, Shinde HM, Reddy DS. Highly Stereoselective Diels-Alder-Based Strategy for the Synthesis of 3- epi-Formicin A and 1- epi-Formicin B. Org Lett 2024; 26:3961-3965. [PMID: 38679880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The first enantioselective approach based on a highly stereoselective Diels-Alder reaction for the synthesis of 3-epi-formicin A and 1-epi-formicin B with rare N-acetylcysteamine-containing indenone thioesters is reported. The strategy utilizes a key Diels-Alder reaction to form the core hydrindane system with three contiguous stereocenters in very high levels of diastereo- and regioselectivity and one-pot oxidation/isomerization/dehydrogenation. The scope of this method was tested with different substrates to give cycloadducts in a highly diastereoselective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil L Khamkar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- BASF Innovation Campus Mumbai, BASF Chemicals India Pvt. Ltd., Plot No. 12, TTC Area Thane Belapur Road, Turbhe, Navi Mumbai 400705, India
| | - Kishor L Handore
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Harish M Shinde
- BASF Innovation Campus Mumbai, BASF Chemicals India Pvt. Ltd., Plot No. 12, TTC Area Thane Belapur Road, Turbhe, Navi Mumbai 400705, India
| | - D Srinivasa Reddy
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
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Wu YJ, Meanwell NA. Geminal Diheteroatomic Motifs: Some Applications of Acetals, Ketals, and Their Sulfur and Nitrogen Homologues in Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design. J Med Chem 2021; 64:9786-9874. [PMID: 34213340 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Acetals and ketals and their nitrogen and sulfur homologues are often considered to be unconventional and potentially problematic scaffolding elements or pharmacophores for the design of orally bioavailable drugs. This opinion is largely a function of the perception that such motifs might be chemically unstable under the acidic conditions of the stomach and upper gastrointestinal tract. However, even simple acetals and ketals, including acyclic molecules, can be sufficiently robust under acidic conditions to be fashioned into orally bioavailable drugs, and these structural elements are embedded in many effective therapeutic agents. The chemical stability of molecules incorporating geminal diheteroatomic motifs can be modulated by physicochemical design principles that include the judicious deployment of proximal electron-withdrawing substituents and conformational restriction. In this Perspective, we exemplify geminal diheteroatomic motifs that have been utilized in the discovery of orally bioavailable drugs or drug candidates against the backdrop of understanding their potential for chemical lability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jin Wu
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, 100 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Nicholas A Meanwell
- Department of Discovery and Chemistry and Molecular Technologies, Bristol-Myers Squibb PRI, PO Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
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Ueno M, Kobayashi M, Fujie A, Shibata T. Cloning and heterologous expression of P450Lent4B11, a novel bacterial P450 gene, for hydroxylation of an antifungal agent sordaricin. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2020; 73:615-621. [PMID: 32358585 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-020-0310-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Microbial transformation is known to be one of promising options to add functional groups such as a hydroxyl moiety to active base compounds to generate their derivatives. Sordaricin, a diterpene aglycone of the natural product sordarin, is an antifungal agent to selectively inhibit fungal protein synthesis by stabilizing the ribosome/EF-2 (elongation factor 2) complex. We screened actinomycetes to catalyze hydroxylation of sordaricin on the basis that the hydroxyl moiety would make it easier to generate derivatives of sordaricin. As a result of the screening, 6-hydroxylation of sordaricin was found to be catalyzed by Lentzea sp. 7887. We found that the cytochrome P450 inhibitor metyrapone inhibited this reaction, suggesting that a cytochrome P450 may be responsible for the biotransformation. As a next step, we cloned multiple cytochrome P450 genes, one of which were named P450Lent4B11, using degenerate PCR primers. The expressed cytochrome P450 derived from the P450Lent4B11 gene provided a different absorbance spectrum pattern from original one when it was incubated with sordaricin. Moreover, in cell-free conditions, the corresponding cytochrome P450 displayed the 6-hydroxylation activity toward sordaricin. Taken together, these results indicate that P450Lent4B11, derived from Lentzea sp. 7887, should be responsible for catalyzing 6-hydroxylation of sordaricin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoi Ueno
- Pharmacology Research Laboratories, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan.
| | - Motoo Kobayashi
- Research Planning and Administration, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan
| | - Akihiko Fujie
- Research Management, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan
| | - Takashi Shibata
- Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Labs, Astellas Pharma Inc., 5-2-3 Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 300-2698, Japan
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Genome mining of the sordarin biosynthetic gene cluster from Sordaria araneosa Cain ATCC 36386: characterization of cycloaraneosene synthase and GDP-6-deoxyaltrose transferase. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2016; 69:541-8. [PMID: 27072286 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2016.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Sordarin is a glycoside antibiotic with a unique tetracyclic diterpene aglycone structure called sordaricin. To understand its intriguing biosynthetic pathway that may include a Diels-Alder-type [4+2]cycloaddition, genome mining of the gene cluster from the draft genome sequence of the producer strain, Sordaria araneosa Cain ATCC 36386, was carried out. A contiguous 67 kb gene cluster consisting of 20 open reading frames encoding a putative diterpene cyclase, a glycosyltransferase, a type I polyketide synthase, and six cytochrome P450 monooxygenases were identified. In vitro enzymatic analysis of the putative diterpene cyclase SdnA showed that it catalyzes the transformation of geranylgeranyl diphosphate to cycloaraneosene, a known biosynthetic intermediate of sordarin. Furthermore, a putative glycosyltransferase SdnJ was found to catalyze the glycosylation of sordaricin in the presence of GDP-6-deoxy-d-altrose to give 4'-O-demethylsordarin. These results suggest that the identified sdn gene cluster is responsible for the biosynthesis of sordarin. Based on the isolated potential biosynthetic intermediates and bioinformatics analysis, a plausible biosynthetic pathway for sordarin is proposed.
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Hanadate T, Tomishima M, Shiraishi N, Tanabe D, Morikawa H, Barrett D, Matsumoto S, Ohtomo K, Maki K. FR290581, a novel sordarin derivative: synthesis and antifungal activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:1465-8. [PMID: 19196509 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2008] [Revised: 12/17/2008] [Accepted: 01/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Sordarin is a unique natural product antifungal agent that is an inhibitor of elongation factor 2. To improve biological activity, we synthesized various compounds by novel modification of the aglycone, sordaricin. As a result, we have discovered the novel sordarin derivative FR290581. This compound exhibited superior activity and a good pharmacokinetic profile, and also displayed good in vivo activity against Candida albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadaatsu Hanadate
- Chemistry Research Labs., Astellas Pharma Inc., 2-1-6 Kashima, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-8514, Japan
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Liang H. Sordarin, an antifungal agent with a unique mode of action. Beilstein J Org Chem 2008; 4:31. [PMID: 18941619 PMCID: PMC2568878 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.4.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2008] [Accepted: 08/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The sordarin family of compounds, characterized by a unique tetracyclic diterpene core including a norbornene system, inhibits protein synthesis in fungi by stabilizing the ribosome/EF2 complex. This mode of action is in contrast to typical antifungals, which target the cell membrane. This unusual bioactivity makes sordarin a promising candidate for the development of new fungicidal agents, and provided the motivation for extensive research. Three total syntheses (by the Kato, Mander and Narasaka groups), modifications of the glycosyl unit, and changes to the diterpene core (Cuevas and Ciufolini models) will also be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.
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Kamai Y, Kakuta M, Shibayama T, Fukuoka T, Kuwahara S. Antifungal activities of R-135853, a sordarin derivative, in experimental candidiasis in mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005; 49:52-6. [PMID: 15616275 PMCID: PMC538903 DOI: 10.1128/aac.49.1.52-56.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The activities of R-135853, a novel sordarin derivative that possesses a 1,4-oxazepane ring moiety, were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. R-135853 exhibited potent in vitro activities against Candida albicans (fluconazole-susceptible strains), Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, and Cryptococcus neoformans, with MICs at which 90% of isolates were inhibited of 0.03, 1, 0.5, and 0.5 microg/ml, respectively. R-135853 also exhibited potent activities against fluconazole-susceptible dose-dependent and fluconazole-resistant strains of C. albicans, with MICs ranging from 0.03 to 0.06 mug/ml. However, R-135853 exhibited weak or no activity against Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei, and Aspergillus spp. R-135853 exhibited dose-dependent efficacy against experimental murine hematogenous candidiasis induced by C. albicans when it was administered by both the subcutaneous and the oral routes and reduced viable cell counts in the kidneys significantly when it was administered at 50 mg/kg of body weight/dose (administration three times a day). In this model, R-135853 also exhibited dose-dependent efficacy by single oral administration. Subcutaneous administration of R-135853 exhibited dose-dependent efficacy against experimental murine esophageal candidiasis induced by fluconazole-resistant C. albicans, against which fluconazole at 50 mg/kg/dose was ineffective, and reduced viable cell counts in the esophagus significantly when it was administered at 10 and 50 mg/kg/dose. R-135853 eradicated C. albicans from the esophagi of one and four of five mice when it was administered at 10 and 50 mg/kg/dose, respectively. These results suggest that R-135853 is promising for the treatment of disseminated or mucosal candidiasis, including fluconazole-refractory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuki Kamai
- Biological Research Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd., 2-58 Hiromachi 1-chome, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan.
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Serrano-Wu MH, Laurent DRS, Carroll TM, Dodier M, Gao Q, Gill P, Quesnelle C, Marinier A, Mazzucco CE, Regueiro-Ren A, Stickle TM, Wu D, Yang H, Yang Z, Zheng M, Zoeckler ME, Vyas DM, Balasubramanian BN. Identification of a broad-spectrum azasordarin with improved pharmacokinetic properties. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:1419-23. [PMID: 12668003 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00161-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and antifungal activity of 5'- and 5'-6'-substituted azasordarin derivatives are described. Modification of the 5'-position led to the discovery of the spirocyclopentyl analogue 7g, which is the first azasordarin to register single-digit MIC values versus Aspergillus spp. Further investigation identified the 5'-i-Pr derivative 7b, which displays superior pharmacokinetic properties compared to other azasordarins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Serrano-Wu
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA.
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