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Bayraktar O, Ozkirimli E, Ulgen K. Sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1) allosteric inhibitors that target the dimerization site. Comput Biol Chem 2017; 69:64-76. [PMID: 28587987 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1)/sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling pathway is a crucial target for numerous human diseases from cancer to cardiovascular diseases. However, available SK1 inhibitors that target the active site suffer from poor potency, selectivity and pharmacokinetic properties. The selectivity issue of the kinases, which share a highly-conserved ATP-pocket, can be overcome by targeting the less-conserved allosteric sites. SK1 is known to function minimally as a dimer; however, the crystal structure of the SK1 dimer has not been determined. In this study, a template-based algorithm implemented in PRISM was used to predict the SK1 dimer structure and then the possible allosteric sites at the dimer interface were determined via SiteMap. These sites were used in a virtual screening campaign that includes an integrated workflow of structure-based pharmacophore modeling, virtual screening, molecular docking, re-screening of common scaffolds to propose a series of compounds with different scaffolds as potential allosteric SK1 inhibitors. Finally, the stability of the SK1-ligand complexes was analyzed by molecular dynamics simulations. As a final outcome, ligand 7 having a 4,9-dihydro-1H-purine scaffold and ligand 12 having a 2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-β-carboline scaffold were found to be potential selective inhibitors for SK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Bayraktar
- Department of Computational Science and Engineering, Bogazici University, 34342 Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Ozkirimli
- Department of Computational Science and Engineering, Bogazici University, 34342 Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Chemical Engineering, Bogazici University, 34342 Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Kutlu Ulgen
- Department of Computational Science and Engineering, Bogazici University, 34342 Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Chemical Engineering, Bogazici University, 34342 Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey.
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2
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Novel N-modified glycines based on a (1S,2S)-2-amino-1-(4-nitrophenyl)propane-1,3-diol skeleton: 1,3-dioxanes and tripodands. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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3
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Hocková D, Keough DT, Janeba Z, Wang TH, de Jersey J, Guddat LW. Synthesis of Novel N-Branched Acyclic Nucleoside Phosphonates As Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Human, Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax 6-Oxopurine Phosphoribosyltransferases. J Med Chem 2012; 55:6209-23. [DOI: 10.1021/jm300662d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dana Hocková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, vvi Flemingovo
nam. 2, CZ-166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Dianne T. Keough
- The School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences,
The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 QLD, Australia
| | - Zlatko Janeba
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, vvi Flemingovo
nam. 2, CZ-166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tzu-Hsuan Wang
- The School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences,
The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 QLD, Australia
| | - John de Jersey
- The School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences,
The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 QLD, Australia
| | - Luke W. Guddat
- The School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences,
The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 QLD, Australia
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4
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Kallitsakis MG, Hadjipavlou-Litina DJ, Litinas KE. Synthesis of purine homo-N-nucleosides modified with coumarins as free radicals scavengers*. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2012; 28:765-75. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2012.684050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael G. Kallitsakis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki,
Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitra J. Hadjipavlou-Litina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki,
Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos E. Litinas
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki,
Thessaloniki, Greece
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5
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Ho D, Yan L, Iwatsubo K, Vatner DE, Vatner SF. Modulation of beta-adrenergic receptor signaling in heart failure and longevity: targeting adenylyl cyclase type 5. Heart Fail Rev 2011; 15:495-512. [PMID: 20658186 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-010-9183-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite remarkable advances in therapy, heart failure remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Although enhanced beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation is part of normal physiologic adaptation to either the increase in physiologic demand or decrease in cardiac function, chronic beta-adrenergic stimulation has been associated with increased mortality and morbidity in both animal models and humans. For example, overexpression of cardiac Gsalpha or beta-adrenergic receptors in transgenic mice results in enhanced cardiac function in young animals, but with prolonged overstimulation of this pathway, cardiomyopathy develops in these mice as they age. Similarly, chronic sympathomimetic amine therapy increases morbidity and mortality in patients with heart failure. Conversely, the use of beta-blockade has proven to be of benefit and is currently part of the standard of care for heart failure. It is conceivable that interrupting distal mechanisms in the beta-adrenergic receptor-G protein-adenylyl cyclase pathway may also provide targets for future therapeutic modalities for heart failure. Interestingly, there are two major isoforms of adenylyl cyclase (AC) in the heart (type 5 and type 6), which may exert opposite effects on the heart, i.e., cardiac overexpression of AC6 appears to be protective, whereas disruption of type 5 AC prolongs longevity and protects against cardiac stress. The goal of this review is to summarize the paradigm shift in the treatment of heart failure over the past 50 years from administering sympathomimetic amine agonists to administering beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists, and to explore the basis for a novel therapy of inhibiting type 5 AC.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ho
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine and The Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Medicine & Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, MSB G609, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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6
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Pavan B, Paganetto G, Dalpiaz A. Dopamine-sensitive adenylyl cyclases in neuronal development: physiopathological and pharmacological implications. Drug Discov Today 2011; 16:520-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2011.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Revised: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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7
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Pavan B, Biondi C, Dalpiaz A. Adenylyl cyclases as innovative therapeutic goals. Drug Discov Today 2009; 14:982-91. [PMID: 19638320 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2009.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2008] [Revised: 06/30/2009] [Accepted: 07/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological modulation of intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) signalling could provide new therapeutic and experimental tools. Although drugs interfering with this pathway have traditionally targeted membrane receptors, the effector enzyme adenylyl cyclase (AC), which functions as a signalling catalyst, also presents an interesting target. Thus, development of isoform-selective stimulator and/or inhibitor compounds for AC could lead to organ-specific pharmacotherapeutics for treating heart failure, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, the potential of AC as the object of drug therapy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pavan
- Department of Biology and Evolution, General Physiology Section, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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8
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Levy DE, Bao M, Cherbavaz DB, Tomlinson JE, Sedlock DM, Homcy CJ, Scarborough RM. Metal coordination-based inhibitors of adenylyl cyclase: novel potent P-site antagonists. J Med Chem 2003; 46:2177-86. [PMID: 12747789 DOI: 10.1021/jm0205604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The adenylyl cyclases (ACs) are a family of intracellular enzymes associated with signal transduction by virtue of their ability to convert ATP to cAMP. The catalytic mechanism of this transformation proceeds through initial binding of ATP to the so-called purine binding site (P-site) of the enzyme followed by metal-mediated cyclization with loss of pyrophosphate. Crystallographic analysis of ACs with known inhibitors reveals the presence of two metals in the active site. Presently, nine isoforms of adenylyl cyclase are known, and unique isoform combinations are expressed in a tissue-specific manner. The development of isoform-specific inhibitors of adenylyl cyclase may prove to be a useful strategy toward the design of unique signal transduction inhibitors. To develop novel AC inhibitors, we have chosen an approach to inhibitor design utilizing an adenine ring system joined to a metal-coordinating hydroxamic acid via various linkers. Previous work in our group has validated this approach and identified novel inhibitors that possess an adenine ring joined to a metal-coordinating hydroxamic acid through flexible acyclic linkers (Levy, D. E., et al. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2002, 12, 3085-3088). Subsequent studies have focused on the introduction of conformational restrictions into the tether of the inhibitors with the goal of increasing potency (Levy, D. E., et al. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2002, 12, 3089-3092). Building upon the favorable spatial positioning of the adenine and hydroxamate groups coupled with potentially favorable entropic factors, the unit joining the carbocycle to the hydroxamate was explored further and a stereochemical-based SAR was elucidated, leading to a new series of highly potent AC inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Levy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 256 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA.
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9
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Levy D, Bao M, Tomlinson J, Scarborough R. Hydroxamate based inhibitors of adenylyl cyclase. Part 2: the effect of cyclic linkers on P-site binding. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:3089-92. [PMID: 12372508 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00654-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The adenylyl cyclases (ACs) are a family of enzymes that are key elements of signal transduction by virtue of their ability to convert ATP to cAMP. The catalytic mechanism of this transformation proceeds through initial binding of ATP to the purine binding site (P-site) followed by metal mediated cyclization with loss of pyrophosphate. Previous work in our group identified novel inhibitors which possess an adenine ring joined to a metal-coordinating hydroxamic acid through flexible linkers. Considering the spatial positioning of the metals with respect to the adenine binding site coupled with potentially favorable entropic factors, conformational restriction of the tether through a stereochemistry based SAR employing a rigid cyclic scaffold was explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Levy
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 256 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080,USA.
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