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Calarnou L, Vigouroux E, Thollas B, Le Grand F, Mounier J. Screening for the production of polyunsaturated fatty acids and cerebrosides in fungi. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae030. [PMID: 38323436 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate fatty acid, including polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and cerebroside production of a large diversity of fungi from the Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Mucoromycota phyla. METHODS AND RESULTS Seventy-nine fungal strains were grown in Kavadia medium using a microcultivation system, i.e. Duetz microtiter plates. Following cultivation, fatty acid and cerebroside contents were analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and high performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), respectively. Mucoromycota fungi appeared as the most promising candidates for omega-6 PUFA production. The best omega-6 producer, including γ-linolenic acid (GLA, 18:3n-6), was Mucor fragilis UBOCC-A109196 with a concentration of 647 mg L-1 total omega-6 PUFA (representing 35% of total fatty acids) and 225 mg L-1 GLA (representing 12% of total fatty acids). Arachidonic acid concentration (20:4n-6) was the highest in Mortierella alpina UBOCC-A-112046, reaching 255 mg L-1 and 18.56% of total fatty acids. Interestingly, several fungal strains were shown to produce omega-7 monounsaturated fatty acids. Indeed, Torulaspora delbrueckii strains accumulated palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7) up to 20% of total fatty acids, reaching 114 mg L-1 in T. delbrueckii UBOCC-A-214128, while C. elegans UBOCC-A-102008 produced mainly paullinic acid (20:1n-7) with concentrations up to 100 mg L-1. Concerning cerebroside production, HPTLC appeared as a relevant approach for their detection and quantification. Promising candidates belonging to the Mucoromycota phylum were found, especially in the Absidia genus with A. spinosa UBOCC-A-101332 as the best producer (12.7 mg L-1). CONCLUSIONS The present study highlighted PUFA and cerebroside production in a large diversity of fungi and the fact that members of the Mucoromycota phylum are good producers of PUFA as well as cerebrosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Calarnou
- Univ Brest, INRAE, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, F-29280 Plouzané, France
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Estelle Vigouroux
- Univ Brest, INRAE, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Bertrand Thollas
- Polymaris Biotechnology, 160 rue Pierre Rivoalon, 29200 Brest, France
| | | | - Jérôme Mounier
- Univ Brest, INRAE, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, F-29280 Plouzané, France
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Towards Optimal pH of the Skin and Topical Formulations: From the Current State of the Art to Tailored Products. COSMETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics8030069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Acidic pH of the skin surface has been recognized as a regulating factor for the maintenance of the stratum corneum homeostasis and barrier permeability. The most important functions of acidic pH seem to be related to the keratinocyte differentiation process, the formation and function of epidermal lipids and the corneocyte lipid envelope, the maintenance of the skin microbiome and, consequently, skin disturbances and diseases. As acknowledged extrinsic factors that affect skin pH, topically applied products could contribute to skin health maintenance via skin pH value control. The obtained knowledge on skins’ pH could be used in the formulation of more effective topical products, which would add to the development of the so-called products ‘for skin health maintenance’. There is a high level of agreement that topical products should be acidified and possess pH in the range of 4 to 6. However, formulators, dermatologists and consumers would benefit from some more precise guidance concerning favorable products pH values and the selection of cosmetic ingredients which could be responsible for acidification, together with a more extensive understanding of the mechanisms underlaying the process of skin acidification by topical products.
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Design, synthesis, and cytotoxicity evaluation of threonine-based galactoceramide with aromatic groups and various fatty-acyl side chains. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-2049-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ramos J, Arufe S, O'Flaherty R, Rooney D, Moreira R, Velasco-Torrijos T. Selective aliphatic/aromatic organogelation controlled by the side chain of serine amphiphiles. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra21391j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural modifications in the side chain of N-Fmoc-l-serine amphiphiles induce the selective gelation of either aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Ramos
- Department of Chemistry
- Maynooth University
- Maynooth
- Ireland
| | - Santiago Arufe
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
- Santiago de Compostela
- Spain
| | | | - Denise Rooney
- Department of Chemistry
- Maynooth University
- Maynooth
- Ireland
| | - Ramon Moreira
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
- Santiago de Compostela
- Spain
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The control of Novozym® 435 chemoselectivity and specificity by the solvents in acylation reactions of amino-alcohols. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Administration of glucosylceramide ameliorated the memory impairment in aged mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:824120. [PMID: 23690856 PMCID: PMC3638615 DOI: 10.1155/2013/824120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The function and the role of glucosylceramide have not been well studied in the central nervous system. This study was aimed to investigate the possible roles of glucosylceramide in memory function in aged mice. Glucosylceramide (50 mg/kg, p.o.) showed memory enhancing activity after 3-month treatment in the aged mice (C56BL/6, 18–20 months old) through Y-maze, novel objective test, and Morris water maze test. Long-term treatment of glucosylceramide decreased the expression of iNOS and COX-2 in the brain of aged mice. The LPS-induced mRNA level of iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β, and TNF-α was reduced by the acute treatment with glucosylceramide in adult mice. These results suggest that glucosylceramide plays an important role in anti-inflammatory and memory enhancement, and it could be a potential new therapeutic agent for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Yeom M, Kim SH, Lee B, Han JJ, Chung GH, Choi HD, Lee H, Hahm DH. Oral administration of glucosylceramide ameliorates inflammatory dry-skin condition in chronic oxazolone-induced irritant contact dermatitis in the mouse ear. J Dermatol Sci 2012; 67:101-10. [PMID: 22726258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2012.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) is an inflammatory skin disease triggered by exposure to a chemical that is toxic or irritating to the skin. A major characteristic of chronic ICD is an inflammatory dry-skin condition with associated itching. Although glucosylceramide (GlcCer) is known to improve the skin barrier function, its mechanism of action is unknown. OBJECTIVES Using a mouse model of oxazolone-induced chronic ICD, this study investigated the effects of oral administration of GlcCer on inflammatory dry skin. METHODS Chronic ICD was induced by repeated application of oxazolone in mice. GlcCer was orally administered once daily throughout the elicitation phase. The beneficial efficacy of GlcCer on cutaneous inflammation was evaluated by assessing ear thickness, lymph node weight, histological findings, and mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-6. Additionally, parameters of the itch-associated response, including scratching behavior, water content of the skin, and aquaporin-3 levels in the lesional ear, were measured. RESULTS Oral GlcCer administration significantly suppressed mRNA expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6. GlcCer also suppressed ear swelling, lymph node weight gains, and infiltration of leukocytes and mast cells in ICD mice. In oxazolone-induced ICD mice, GlcCer significantly inhibited irritant-related scratching behavior and dehydration of the stratum corneum, and decreased aquaporin-3 expression. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that GlcCer suppressed inflammation not only by inhibiting cytokine production but also by repairing the skin barrier function, suggesting a potential beneficial role for GlcCer in the improvement of chronic ICD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijung Yeom
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 130-702, Republic of Korea
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Deng LM, Liu X, Liang XY, Yang JS. Regioselective glycosylation method using partially protected arabino- and galactofuranosyl thioglycosides as key glycosylating substrates and its application to one-pot synthesis of oligofuranoses. J Org Chem 2012; 77:3025-37. [PMID: 22369586 DOI: 10.1021/jo300084g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We describe in this paper the development of a novel regioselective furanosylation methodology using partially protected furanosyl thioglycosides as central glycosylating building blocks and its application in the efficient one-pot synthesis of a series of linear and branched-type arabino- and galactofuranoside fragments structurally related to the cell wall polysaccharides of Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Streptococcus pneumoniae serostype 35A, and sugar beet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Min Deng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting, Ministry of Education, and Department of Chemistry of Medicinal Natural Products, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
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Xu C, Liu H, Li X. Thioglycosylation of 1,2-cis-glycosyl acetates: a long-standing overlooked issue in preparative carbohydrate chemistry. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:1149-53. [PMID: 21524413 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Revised: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
1,2-cis-Glycosyl acetates with the α-configuration were revealed to be very unreactive towards Lewis acid catalyzed thioglycosylations. Optimal and cost-effective conditions for enabling this direct conversion is absent in the literature. Our studies have shown that elevating the reaction temperature with a catalytic amount of BF(3)·OEt(2) was more effective than changing Lewis acids with higher acidities to accommodate the low reactivity of α-glycosyl acetates. The effect of impurities in stored BF(3)·OEt(2) on the reaction is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ci Xu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
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Vávrová K, Hrabálek A, Mac-Mary S, Humbert P, Muret P. Ceramide analogue 14S24 selectively recovers perturbed human skin barrier. Br J Dermatol 2007; 157:704-12. [PMID: 17711529 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08113.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Topical ceramide application is an effective therapeutic approach in skin disorders with disturbed barrier function, including atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. OBJECTIVES To evaluate ceramide analogue N-tetracosanoyl-(l)-serine tetradecyl ester (14S24) using a novel ex vivo model. METHODS Freshly excised human skin was disrupted by lipid extraction, tape stripping and sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) treatment. Barrier perturbation was evaluated by the measurement of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin hydration and the penetration of model compound, theophylline (TH), assessed by microdialysis. The effect of topical 5% 14S24 was compared with a commercial formulation containing a skin lipid mixture (LR) and control formulation with no skin lipids (L). RESULTS Both LR and 14S24 produced significant recovery of TEWL and TH penetration in extracted and tape-stripped skin with 14S24 being significantly more effective. In SLS-treated skin, 14S24 decreased TEWL but not TH penetration; LR was inactive. L improved skin hydration but not barrier characteristics. Weak correlation between TEWL and TH penetration was observed in extracted and tape-stripped skin but not in SLS-treated skin. CONCLUSIONS Cutaneous microdialysis can serve as a useful tool for the evaluation of skin barrier recovery by topical formulations ex vivo whereas TEWL may not be an appropriate measure of skin barrier function in such studies. The excellent barrier repair activity of 14S24 could be beneficial in skin disorders with ceramide deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Vávrová
- Centre for New Antivirals and Antineoplastics, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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Kojima M, Nakamura Y, Takeuchi S. A practical fluorous benzylidene acetal protecting group for a quick synthesis of disaccharides. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.04.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Tsuji K, Mitsutake S, Ishikawa J, Takagi Y, Akiyama M, Shimizu H, Tomiyama T, Igarashi Y. Dietary glucosylceramide improves skin barrier function in hairless mice. J Dermatol Sci 2006; 44:101-7. [PMID: 17000082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2006.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2006] [Revised: 08/03/2006] [Accepted: 08/04/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sphingolipids are known to play an important role in both water retention and epidermal permeability barrier function in mammalian stratum corneum. However, little is known about the effects on epidermal function of orally administered sphingolipids. OBJECTIVE We examined the effect of dietary glucosylceramide (GluCer) on the maintenance and recovery of epidermal barrier function. METHODS Hairless mice were fed a particular diet (HR-AD) for 4 weeks to induce chronic skin perturbation. Subsequently, a normal diet supplemented with GluCer (from rice bran and germ) was provided for the next 4 weeks. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and stratum corneum flexibility were measured throughout this recovery phase. Additional hairless mice were fed a diet with or without a maize-extracted GluCer supplement for 5 weeks, then their skin was acutely perturbed with repeated tape-stripping, and the TEWL was measured. RESULTS Although skin functions were generally lower following chronic perturbation, in GluCer-fed mice the TEWL was significantly reduced at 2 weeks and the stratum corneum flexibility was increased at 3 weeks compared to controls. Following acute barrier perturbation by tape-stripping, mice an HR-AD fed a GluCer diet exhibited enhanced recovery compared with the control diet group. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that in hairless mice skin barrier functions impaired by chronic or acute perturbations were improved by dietary GluCer. The oral administration of GluCer may be useful for the preservation and recovery of epidermal barrier functions an HR-AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyomi Tsuji
- Laboratory of Biomembrane and Biofunctional Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Advanced Life Sciences, Hokkaido University, Nishi 6, Kita 12, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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Zhang G, Fang L, Zhu L, Aimiuwu JE, Shen J, Cheng H, Muller MT, Lee GE, Sun D, Wang PG. Syntheses and Biological Activities of Disaccharide Daunorubicins. J Med Chem 2005; 48:5269-78. [PMID: 16078845 DOI: 10.1021/jm050144u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate moiety is found in many anticancer nature products. To explore the carbohydrate moiety of daunorubicin in enhancing anticancer efficacy, several daunorubicin derivatives bearing disaccharide (1-8) have been synthesized. Their cytotoxicities were tested in leukemia K562 and colon cancer SW620 cells. Topoisomerase II (topo II) poisoning was performed with the in vivo complex of topoisomerase bioassay. In both cell lines, compounds with various terminal 2,6-dideoxy sugars (compounds 1, 3, 5, and 8) showed 30- to 60-fold higher anticancer activity than compounds with 2-deoxy- or 6-deoxy sugar (compounds 6 and 7). Compounds with an alpha-linkage between two sugar units (compound 3) showed 35-fold higher anticancer activity than compounds with a beta-linkage (compound 4). In addition, the anticancer activities of these compounds correlated with their ability to target topo II mediated genomic DNA damage in vivo. Compounds 1 and 3 with 2,6-dideoxy sugars produced more covalent topo-DNA complex than compounds with 2-deoxy sugar (6) and 6-deoxy sugar (7). Compounds with an alpha-configuration of terminal 2,6-dideoxy sugar (compounds 1 and 3) showed higher topo II poisoning than their counterparts with the beta-configuration (compounds 2 and 4). These results indicate that sugar moieties in daunorubicin play a significant role in its anticancer activity and topo II inhibition. The second sugar of disaccharide daunorubicin should possess 2,6-dideoxy with alpha-linkage to the first sugar to exhibit better anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guisheng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Synthesis of α-galactosyl ceramide and the related glycolipids for evaluation of their activities on mouse splenocytes. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Alessandrini F, Pfister S, Kremmer E, Gerber JK, Ring J, Behrendt H. Alterations of glucosylceramide-beta-glucosidase levels in the skin of patients with psoriasis vulgaris. J Invest Dermatol 2005; 123:1030-6. [PMID: 15610510 DOI: 10.1111/j.0022-202x.2004.23469.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Hydrolysis of glucosylceramides by the enzyme glucosylceramide-beta-glucosidase (GlcCer'ase) results in ceramide, a critical component of the intercellular lamellae that mediates the epidermal permeability barrier. A disturbance of ceramide formation is supposed to influence the transepidermal water loss in common skin diseases like atopic eczema or psoriasis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether GlcCer'ase levels were altered in the skin of subjects with psoriasis vulgaris. Skin punch biopsies were taken from lesional and non-lesional psoriatic skin and GlcCer'ase was evaluated both at the RNA and at the protein level. Normal skin from surgical patients provided the baseline GlcCer'ase expression in healthy subjects. Our results show that GlcCer'ase mRNA expression was decreased in psoriatic non-lesional skin compared to normal controls in all cases. Interestingly, in lesional psoriatic skin the level of GlcCer'ase was increased compared to non-lesional skin in all cases. For the immunohistochemical analysis, we used a newly synthesized monoclonal antibody anti-human GBC (GlcCer'ase-GST fusion protein). The results confirmed that GlcCer'ase, mainly present in the upper epidermis, was decreased in psoriatic skin compared to normal control and was increased in lesional compared to non-lesional psoriatic skin. Our findings support the concept that alteration in water permeability barrier in lesional psoriatic skin can serve as a trigger for the upregulation of the expression of enzymes like GlcCer'ase with consequent stimulation of ceramide generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Alessandrini
- Division of Environmental Dermatology and Allergy, GSF National Research Center for Environment and Health/Technical University Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.
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Vávrová K, Zbytovská J, Palát K, Holas T, Klimentová J, Hrabálek A, Dolezal P. Ceramide analogue 14S24 ((S)-2-tetracosanoylamino-3-hydroxypropionic acid tetradecyl ester) is effective in skin barrier repair in vitro. Eur J Pharm Sci 2004; 21:581-7. [PMID: 15066658 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2003.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2003] [Revised: 12/03/2003] [Accepted: 12/10/2003] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Stratum corneum ceramides are fundamental for maintaining the skin barrier properties. Their content is decreased in some skin diseases, e.g. atopic dermatitis, and ceramide supplementation is one of the therapeutic approaches. In the present study we have designed novel ceramide analogue 14S24 ((S)-2-tetracosanoylamino-3-hydroxypropionic acid tetradecyl ester) as a potential barrier-repairing agent. We report a convenient two-step synthesis of this analogue with high yields. The ability of 14S24 to repair the disturbed skin barrier was evaluated in vitro on the porcine skin. After 2h application of 14S24 on the skin disrupted by lipid extraction, the permeability decreased significantly almost to the values of the native skin. The compound is effective in 0.1% aqueous suspension and its effect is comparable with physiological skin lipids under the same condition. The comparison of 14S24 and skin ceramides was made via computer modelling and the in silico physico-chemical parameters are reported. We suggest that allylic hydroxyl, that is essential for the apoptogenic activity of ceramides, is not a necessary component of the skin barrier-forming ceramides. The main result of this study is to demonstrate that simpler and easier-to-synthesise ceramide analogues could be effective in the skin barrier repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Vávrová
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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