1
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Ryzhkova YE, Ryzhkov FV, Elinson MN, Vereshchagin AN, Novikov RA, Fakhrutdinov AN. Thermal Rearrangement of 5-(2-Hydroxy-6-oxocyclohexyl)-5H-chromeno[2,3-b]pyridines. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073139. [PMID: 37049908 PMCID: PMC10095857 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Some of the most important transformations in organic chemistry are rearrangement reactions, which play a crucial role in increasing synthetic efficiency and molecular complexity. The development of synthetic strategies involving rearrangement reactions, which can accomplish synthetic goals in a very efficient manner, has been an evergreen topic in the synthetic chemistry community. Xanthenes, pyridin-2(1H)-ones, and 1,6-naphthyridines have a wide range of biological activities. In this work, we propose the thermal rearrangement of 7,9-dihalogen-substituted 5-(2-hydroxy-6-oxocyclohexyl)-5H-chromeno[2,3-b]pyridines in DMSO. Previously unknown 5,7-dihalogenated 5-(2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-xanthen-9-yl)-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridines and 10-(3,5-dihalogen-2-hydroxyphenyl)-5,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydrobenzo[b][1,6]naphthyridines were synthesized with excellent yields (90–99%). The investigation of the transformation using 1H-NMR monitoring made it possible to confirm the ANRORC mechanism. The structures of synthesized compounds were confirmed by 2D-NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya E. Ryzhkova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Fedor V. Ryzhkov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Michail N. Elinson
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anatoly N. Vereshchagin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman A. Novikov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem N. Fakhrutdinov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Kulikova LN, Raesi GR, Levickaya DD, Purgatorio R, Spada GL, Catto M, Altomare CD, Voskressensky LG. Synthesis of Novel Benzo[ b][1,6]naphthyridine Derivatives and Investigation of Their Potential as Scaffolds of MAO Inhibitors. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041662. [PMID: 36838649 PMCID: PMC9962805 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, 2-alkyl-10-chloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzo[b][1,6]naphthyridines were obtained and their reactivity was studied. Novel derivatives of the tricyclic scaffold, including 1-phenylethynyl (5), 1-indol-3-yl (8), and azocino[4,5-b]quinoline (10) derivatives, were synthesized and characterized herein for the first time. Among the newly synthesized derivatives, 5c-h proved to be MAO B inhibitors with potency in the low micromolar range. In particular, the 1-(2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethynyl) analog 5g achieved an IC50 of 1.35 μM, a value close to that of the well-known MAO B inhibitor pargyline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa N. Kulikova
- Organic Chemistry Department, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya St. 6., 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ghulam Reza Raesi
- Organic Chemistry Department, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya St. 6., 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria D. Levickaya
- Organic Chemistry Department, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya St. 6., 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Rosa Purgatorio
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Gabriella La Spada
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Catto
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Cosimo D. Altomare
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Leonid G. Voskressensky
- Organic Chemistry Department, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya St. 6., 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-495-955-07-29
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3
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Jan G, Kumar A, Karuppasamy M, Rajput D, Slathia N, Kapoor KK, Sridharan V. Microwave-assisted one-pot two-step imine formation-hetero-Diels-Alder-detosylation/aromatization sequence: direct access to dibenzo[ b, h][1,6]naphthyridines. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:7472-7482. [PMID: 36102029 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01216b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A microwave-assisted, copper-catalyzed, one-pot, two-step reaction is established to access functionalized [1,6]naphthyridines in high yields (up to 96%) starting from 2-(N-propargylamino)benzaldehydes and arylamines. This rapid and operationally simple sequential reaction allowed the construction of two new heterocyclic rings and three new (2 C-C and 1 C-N) bonds in a single synthetic operation. This reaction tolerated various electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents well and delivered the desired products in a shorter reaction time under microwave irradiation. This reaction proceeds through a sequential imine formation, intramolecular [4 + 2] hetero-Diels-Alder reaction, and air oxidation, followed by detosylation-aromatization steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gowsia Jan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani (Bagla), District-Samba, Jammu-181143, J&K, India.
| | - Atul Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani (Bagla), District-Samba, Jammu-181143, J&K, India.
| | - Muthu Karuppasamy
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani (Bagla), District-Samba, Jammu-181143, J&K, India.
| | - Diksha Rajput
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani (Bagla), District-Samba, Jammu-181143, J&K, India.
| | - Nancy Slathia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jammu, Jammu-180006, J&K, India
| | - Kamal K Kapoor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jammu, Jammu-180006, J&K, India
| | - Vellaisamy Sridharan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani (Bagla), District-Samba, Jammu-181143, J&K, India.
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4
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Prabha K, Satheeshkumar R, Nasif V, Saranya J, Sayin K, Natarajan J, Chandrasekar C, Rajendra Prasad KJ. Synthesis, In Vitro Cytotoxicity, and DFT Studies of Novel 2‐Amino Substituted Benzonaphthyridines as PDK1 Inhibitors. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kolandaivel Prabha
- Department of Chemistry K. S. Rangasamy College of Technology Tiruchengode 637215, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Rajendran Satheeshkumar
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Química y de Farmacia Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile 702843 Santiago Chile
| | - Vesim Nasif
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Sivas Cumhuriyet University 58140 Sivas Turkey
| | - Jayapalan Saranya
- Department of Bioinformatics School of Life Sciences Pondicherry University Puducherry 605014 India
| | - Koray Sayin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Sivas Cumhuriyet University 58140 Sivas Turkey
| | - Jeyakumar Natarajan
- Department of Bioinformatics Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Chinnarasu Chandrasekar
- Department of Chemistry K. S. Rangasamy College of Technology Tiruchengode 637215, Tamil Nadu India
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Oliveras JM, Puig de la Bellacasa R, Estrada-Tejedor R, Teixidó J, Borrell JI. 1,6-Naphthyridin-2(1 H)-ones: Synthesis and Biomedical Applications. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1029. [PMID: 34681253 PMCID: PMC8539032 DOI: 10.3390/ph14101029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Naphthyridines, also known as diazanaphthalenes, are a group of heterocyclic compounds that include six isomeric bicyclic systems containing two pyridine rings. 1,6-Naphthyridines are one of the members of such a family capable of providing ligands for several receptors in the body. Among such structures, 1,6-naphthyridin-2(1H)-ones (7) are a subfamily that includes more than 17,000 compounds (with a single or double bond between C3 and C4) included in more than 1000 references (most of them patents). This review will cover the analysis of the diversity of the substituents present at positions N1, C3, C4, C5, C7, and C8 of 1,6-naphthyridin-2(1H)-ones, the synthetic methods used for their synthesis (both starting from a preformed pyridine or pyridone ring), and the biomedical applications of such compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - José I. Borrell
- Grup de Química Farmacèutica, IQS School of Engineering, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, E-08017 Barcelona, Spain; (J.M.O.); (R.P.d.l.B.); (R.E.-T.); (J.T.)
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Devadoss T, Sowmya V, Bastati R. Synthesis of 1,6‐Naphthyridine and Its Derivatives: A Systematic Review. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202004462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thangaraj Devadoss
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Pinnamaneni Polyclinic Road, Siddhartha Nagar, Vijayawada Andhra Pradesh India, PIN- 520010
| | - Veldhi Sowmya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Pinnamaneni Polyclinic Road, Siddhartha Nagar, Vijayawada Andhra Pradesh India, PIN- 520010
| | - Ravali Bastati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Pinnamaneni Polyclinic Road, Siddhartha Nagar, Vijayawada Andhra Pradesh India, PIN- 520010
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7
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Lavanya M, Lin C, Mao J, Thirumalai D, Aabaka SR, Yang X, Mao J, Huang Z, Zhao J. Synthesis and Anticancer Properties of Functionalized 1,6-Naphthyridines. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2021; 379:13. [PMID: 33624162 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-020-00314-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The burgeoning interest in synthesis and biological applications of 1,6-naphthyridines reflects the importance of 1,6-naphthyridines in the synthetic as well as medicinal chemistry fields. Specially, 1,6-naphthyridines are pharmacologically active, with variety of applications such as anticancer, anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), anti-microbial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities. Although collective recent synthetic developments have paved a path to a wide range of functionalized 1,6-naphthyridines, a complete correlation of synthesis with biological activity remains elusive. The current review focuses on recent synthetic developments from the last decade and a thorough study of the anticancer activity of 1,6-naphthyridines on different cancer cell lines. Anticancer activity has been correlated to 1,6-naphthyridines using the literature on the structure-activity relationship (SAR) along with molecular modeling studies. Exceptionally, at the end of this review, the utility of 1,6-naphthyridines displaying activities other than anticancer has also been included as a glimmering extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallu Lavanya
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, Xindu, People's Republic of China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, Xindu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jincheng Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, Xindu, People's Republic of China.
| | | | - Sreenath Reddy Aabaka
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, Xindu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, Xindu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, Xindu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyu Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinzhou Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, Xindu, People's Republic of China
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8
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Tung MC, Tsai KC, Fung KM, Don MJ, Tseng TS. Characterizing the structure-activity relationships of natural products, tanshinones, reveals their mode of action in inhibiting spleen tyrosine kinase. RSC Adv 2021; 11:2453-2461. [PMID: 35424194 PMCID: PMC8693659 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08769f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytosolic non-receptor protein kinase, spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK), is an attractive drug target in autoimmune, inflammatory disorder, and cancers indications. Here, we employed pharmacophore-based drug screening combined with biochemical assay and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to identify and characterize inhibitors targeting SYK. The built pharmacophore model, phar-TanI, successfully identified tanshinone (TanI (IC50 = 1.72 μM)) and its analogs (TanIIA (IC50 = 3.2 μM), ST32da (IC50 = 46 μM), and ST32db (IC50 = 51 μM)) which apparently attenuated the activities of SYK in vitro. Additionally, the MD simulations followed by Ligplot analyses revealed that TanI and TanIIA interfered SYK activity through binding deeply into the active site. Besides, TanI and TanIIA mainly interact with residues L377, A400, V433, M448, M450, A451, E452, L453, G454, P455, and L501, which are functional hotspots for structure-based inhibitor optimization against SYK. The structure-activity relationships (SAR) study of the identified SYK inhibitors demonstrated that the pharmacophore model, phar-TanI is reliable and precise in screening inhibitors against SYK. This study disclosed the structure-function relationships of tanshinones from Traditional Chinese Medicine (Danshen), revealing their binding site and mode of action in inhibiting SYK and provides applicability in developing new therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Che Tung
- Department of Stomatology, Tung's MetroHarbor Hospital Taichung Taiwan
| | - Keng-Chang Tsai
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare Taipei Taiwan
- PhD Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Kit-Man Fung
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica Taipei 115 Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jaw Don
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare Taipei Taiwan
| | - Tien-Sheng Tseng
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan
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9
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Blomgren P, Chandrasekhar J, Di Paolo JA, Fung W, Geng G, Ip C, Jones R, Kropf JE, Lansdon EB, Lee S, Lo JR, Mitchell SA, Murray B, Pohlmeyer C, Schmitt A, Suekawa-Pirrone K, Wise S, Xiong JM, Xu J, Yu H, Zhao Z, Currie KS. Discovery of Lanraplenib (GS-9876): A Once-Daily Spleen Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor for Autoimmune Diseases. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:506-513. [PMID: 32292557 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is a critical regulator of signaling in a variety of immune cell types such as B-cells, monocytes, and macrophages. Accordingly, there have been numerous efforts to identify compounds that selectively inhibit SYK as a means to treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. We previously disclosed GS-9973 (entospletinib) as a selective SYK inhibitor that is under clinical evaluation in hematological malignancies. However, a BID dosing regimen and drug interaction with proton pump inhibitors (PPI) prevented development of entospletinib in inflammatory diseases. Herein, we report the discovery of a second-generation SYK inhibitor, GS-9876 (lanraplenib), which has human pharmacokinetic properties suitable for once-daily administration and is devoid of any interactions with PPI. Lanraplenib is currently under clinical evaluation in multiple autoimmune indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Blomgren
- Gilead Sciences, 199 E. Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | | | - Julie A. Di Paolo
- Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Wanchi Fung
- Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Guoju Geng
- Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Carmen Ip
- Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Randall Jones
- Gilead Sciences, 199 E. Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Jeffrey E. Kropf
- Gilead Sciences, 199 E. Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Eric B. Lansdon
- Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Seung Lee
- Gilead Sciences, 199 E. Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Jennifer R. Lo
- Gilead Sciences, 199 E. Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Scott A. Mitchell
- Gilead Sciences, 199 E. Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Bernard Murray
- Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Chris Pohlmeyer
- Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Aaron Schmitt
- Gilead Sciences, 199 E. Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | | | - Sarah Wise
- Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Jin-Ming Xiong
- Gilead Sciences, 199 E. Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Jianjun Xu
- Gilead Sciences, 199 E. Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Helen Yu
- Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Zhongdong Zhao
- Gilead Sciences, 199 E. Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
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10
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Kaur M, Silakari O. Ligand-based and e-pharmacophore modeling, 3D-QSAR and hierarchical virtual screening to identify dual inhibitors of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and janus kinase 3 (JAK3). J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 35:3043-3060. [PMID: 27678281 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1240108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The clinical efficacy of multiple kinase inhibitors has caught the interest of Pharmaceutical and Biotech researchers to develop potential drugs with multi-kinase inhibitory activity for complex diseases. In the present work, we attempted to identify dual inhibitors of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and janus kinase 3 (JAK3), keys players in immune signaling, by developing ideal pharmacophores integrating Ligand-based pharmacophore models (LBPMs) and Structure-based pharmacophore models (SBPMs), thereby projecting the optimum pharmacophoric required for inhibition of both the kinases. The four point LBPM; ADPR.14 suggested the presence of one hydrogen bond acceptor, one hydrogen bond donor, one positive ionizable, and one ring aromatic feature for Syk inhibitory activity and AADH.54 proposed the necessity of two hydrogen bond acceptor, one hydrogen bond donor, and one hydrophobic feature for JAK3 inhibitory activity. To our interest, SBPMs identified additional ring aromatic features required for inhibition of both the kinases. For Syk inhibitory activity, the hydrogen bond acceptor feature indicated by LBPM was devoid of forming hydrogen bonding interaction with the hinge region amino acid residue (Ala451). Thus merging the information revealed by both LBPMs and SBPMs, ideal pharmacophore models i.e. ADPRR.14 (Syk) and AADHR.54 (JAK3) were generated. These models after rigorous statistical validation were used for screening of Asinex database. The systematic virtual screening protocol, including pharmacophore and docking-based screening, ADME property, and MM-GBSA energy calculations, retrieved final 10 hits as dual inhibitors of Syk and JAK3. Final 10 hits thus obtained can aid in the development of potential therapeutic agents for autoimmune disorders. Also the top two hits were evaluated against both the enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maninder Kaur
- a Molecular Modeling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research , Punjabi University , Patiala , Punjab 147002 , India
| | - Om Silakari
- a Molecular Modeling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research , Punjabi University , Patiala , Punjab 147002 , India
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11
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Optimisation of a novel series of potent and orally bioavailable azanaphthyridine SYK inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:4606-4612. [PMID: 27578246 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.08.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The optimisation of the azanaphthyridine series of Spleen Tyrosine Kinase inhibitors is described. The medicinal chemistry strategy was focused on optimising the human whole blood activity whilst achieving a sufficient margin over hERG activity. A good pharmacokinetic profile was achieved by modification of the pKa. Morpholine compound 32 is a potent SYK inhibitor showing moderate selectivity, good oral bioavailability and good efficacy in the rat Arthus model but demonstrated a genotoxic potential in the Ames assay.
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12
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Kaur M, Silakari O. Identification of new dual spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and phosphoionositide-3-kinase δ (PI3Kδ) inhibitors using ligand and structure-based integrated ideal pharmacophore models. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 27:469-499. [PMID: 27431536 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2016.1209555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the complex pathophysiology of autoimmune disorders, it is very challenging to develop successful treatment strategies. Single-target agents are not desired therapeutics for such multi-factorial disorders. Considering the current need for the treatment of complex autoimmune disorders, dual inhibitors of Syk and PI3Kδ have been designed using ligand and structure-based molecular modelling strategies. In the present work, structure and ligand-based pharmacophore modelling was implemented for a varied set of Syk and PI3Kδ inhibitors. Ligand-based pharmacophore models (LBPMs) were developed for two kinases: ADPR.14 (r(2)train = 0.809) for Syk, comprising one hydrogen bond acceptor, one hydrogen bond donor, one positive ionisable and one ring aromatic feature, and for PI3Kδ: AAARR.45 (r(2)train = 0.942) consisting of three hydrogen bond acceptor and two ring aromatic features. The generated e-pharmacophore models revealed an additional ring aromatic and hydrophobic feature important for Syk and PI3Kδ inhibition, respectively. Subsequently, LBPMs were modified resulting in APDRR.14 hypothesis for Syk inhibitors and AAAHRR.45 hypothesis for PI3Kδ inhibitors employed for virtual screening. Thus, the combination of ligand and structure-based pharmacophore modelling helped in developing ideal pharmacophore models that may be an efficient tool for the designing of novel dual inhibitors of Syk and PI3Kδ.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kaur
- a Molecular Modeling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research , Punjabi University , Patiala , India
| | - O Silakari
- a Molecular Modeling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research , Punjabi University , Patiala , India
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13
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Thoma G, Veenstra S, Strang R, Blanz J, Vangrevelinghe E, Berghausen J, Lee CC, Zerwes HG. Orally bioavailable Syk inhibitors with activity in a rat PK/PD model. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:4642-7. [PMID: 26320624 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Design and optimization of benzo- and pyrido-thiazoles/isothiazoles are reported leading to the discovery of the potent, orally bioavailable Syk inhibitor 5, which was found to be active in a rat PK/PD model. Compound 5 showed acceptable overall kinase selectivity. However, in addition to Syk it also inhibited Aurora kinase in enzymatic and cellular settings leading to findings in the micronucleus assay. As a consequence, compound 5 was not further pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gebhard Thoma
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Siem Veenstra
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ross Strang
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joachim Blanz
- Analytical Sciences & Imaging, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eric Vangrevelinghe
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Berghausen
- Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian C Lee
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Hans-Günter Zerwes
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation Research, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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14
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Design, synthesis of diaminopyrimidine inhibitors targeting IgE- and IgG-mediated activation of Fc receptor signaling. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:2122-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Inhibitors of switch kinase 'spleen tyrosine kinase' in inflammation and immune-mediated disorders: a review. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 67:434-46. [PMID: 23917087 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), a member of Syk family of non-receptor protein tyrosine kinases plays a significant role in the immune cell signaling in B cells, mast cells, macrophages and neutrophils. Anomalous regulation of this kinase can lead to different allergic disorders and antibody-mediated autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, psoriasis and allergic rhinitis. Being involved in the growth and survive mechanism of B cells, its inhibition can be beneficial in B-cell lymphoma. Thus, Syk can be sited as a therapeutically relevant target for various allergic and autoimmune disorders. This review article describes the structure of Syk and its role in B-cell signaling. In addition to this, data regarding small molecule inhibitors of Syk has also been reviewed from different papers and patents published.
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16
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Li BK, Cong Y, Yang XG, Xue Y, Chen YZ. In silico prediction of spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitors using machine learning approaches and an optimized molecular descriptor subset generated by recursive feature elimination method. Comput Biol Med 2013; 43:395-404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2013.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2012] [Revised: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Prabha K, Prasad KJR. Dinaphthonaphthyridines – a class of novel molecules with potent antioxidant and anticancer activity. MEDCHEMCOMM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2md20270k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Kaur M, Kumari A, Bahia MS, Silakari O. Designing of new multi-targeted inhibitors of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and zeta-associated protein of 70kDa (ZAP-70) using hierarchical virtual screening protocol. J Mol Graph Model 2012; 39:165-75. [PMID: 23280414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2012.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, diverse inhibitor molecules of two protein tyrosine kinases i.e. Syk and ZAP-70 were considered for the pharmacophore and docking analyses to design new multi-targeted agents for these enzymes. These enzymes are non-receptor protein tyrosine kinases and both are expressed mainly in B and T-lymphocytes where they play a crucial role in immune signaling. The role of these two enzymes in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases makes them potential therapeutic targets for the designing of new multi-targeted agents to combat disease conditions associated with them. The pharmacophore models were developed for Syk and ZAP-70 inhibitors using PHASE module of Schrödinger software. The generated pharmacophore models for both enzymes were clustered and top five models for each target were selected on the basis of survival minus inactive score that were subsequently used for the 3D-QSAR analysis. The best model for Syk (ADHR.45-5) and ZAP-70 (AADRR.265-3) were selected corresponding to highest value of Q(2). Both models were employed for the screening of a PHASE database of approximately 1.5 million compounds, subsequently the retrieved hits were screened employing docking simulations with Syk and ZAP-70 proteins. Finally, the screened compounds having structural features of both pharmacophore models and displaying essential interactions with both proteins were investigated for ADME properties. Thus, the new leads obtained in this way would show inhibitory activity against Syk and ZAP-70, and may serve as novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maninder Kaur
- Molecular Modeling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
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19
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Dokla EM, Mahmoud AH, Elsayed MSA, El-Khatib AH, Linscheid MW, Abouzid KA. Applying ligands profiling using multiple extended electron distribution based field templates and feature trees similarity searching in the discovery of new generation of urea-based antineoplastic kinase inhibitors. PLoS One 2012. [PMID: 23185312 PMCID: PMC3502486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study provides a comprehensive computational procedure for the discovery of novel urea-based antineoplastic kinase inhibitors while focusing on diversification of both chemotype and selectivity pattern. It presents a systematic structural analysis of the different binding motifs of urea-based kinase inhibitors and the corresponding configurations of the kinase enzymes. The computational model depends on simultaneous application of two protocols. The first protocol applies multiple consecutive validated virtual screening filters including SMARTS, support vector-machine model (ROC = 0.98), Bayesian model (ROC = 0.86) and structure-based pharmacophore filters based on urea-based kinase inhibitors complexes retrieved from literature. This is followed by hits profiling against different extended electron distribution (XED) based field templates representing different kinase targets. The second protocol enables cancericidal activity verification by using the algorithm of feature trees (Ftrees) similarity searching against NCI database. Being a proof-of-concept study, this combined procedure was experimentally validated by its utilization in developing a novel series of urea-based derivatives of strong anticancer activity. This new series is based on 3-benzylbenzo[d]thiazol-2(3H)-one scaffold which has interesting chemical feasibility and wide diversification capability. Antineoplastic activity of this series was assayed in vitro against NCI 60 tumor-cell lines showing very strong inhibition of GI50 as low as 0.9 uM. Additionally, its mechanism was unleashed using KINEX™ protein kinase microarray-based small molecule inhibitor profiling platform and cell cycle analysis showing a peculiar selectivity pattern against Zap70, c-src, Mink1, csk and MeKK2 kinases. Interestingly, it showed activity on syk kinase confirming the recent studies finding of the high activity of diphenyl urea containing compounds against this kinase. Allover, the new series, which is based on a new kinase scaffold with interesting chemical diversification capabilities, showed that it exhibits its “emergent” properties by perturbing multiple unexplored kinase pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Dokla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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20
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Kaur M, Bahia MS, Silakari O. Exploring the role of water molecules for docking and receptor guided 3D-QSAR analysis of naphthyridine derivatives as spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) inhibitors. J Chem Inf Model 2012; 52:2619-30. [PMID: 22900966 DOI: 10.1021/ci300227f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, 3D-QSAR analysis was performed utilizing docking based alignment of [1,6]-naphthyridine derivatives as Syk enzyme inhibitors. The role of the water molecules was explored for the docking based alignment that revealed two conserved water molecules important for proper orientation and alignment of naphthyridine inhibitors in the active site of Syk enzyme. The QSAR model was selected having highest value of Q(2) (0.624) and Pearson-r (0.862). The selected model also displayed the highest values of R(2) (0.978) and F-value (184.5) and the lowest SD (0.862). The contour plots developed on the basis of the best model helped to reveal the essential structural features of naphthyridines derivatives responsible for inhibition of Syk enzyme. The generated model and information revealed from it was utilized to design and predict new congeneric molecules that can be used as potential therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maninder Kaur
- Molecular Modeling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
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21
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Norman P. Evaluation of WO2011134971, chiral 1,6-napthyridine Syk kinase inhibitors. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2012; 22:335-9. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2012.665878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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22
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Singh R, Masuda ES, Payan DG. Discovery and development of spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) inhibitors. J Med Chem 2012; 55:3614-43. [PMID: 22257213 DOI: 10.1021/jm201271b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajinder Singh
- Rigel, Inc., 1180 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA.
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23
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van Eis MJ, Evenou JP, Floersheim P, Gaul C, Cowan-Jacob SW, Monovich L, Rummel G, Schuler W, Stark W, Strauss A, von Matt A, Vangrevelinghe E, Wagner J, Soldermann N. 2,6-Naphthyridines as potent and selective inhibitors of the novel protein kinase C isozymes. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:7367-72. [PMID: 22078216 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study describes a novel series of ATP-competitive PKC inhibitors based on the 2,6-naphthyridine template. Example compounds potently inhibit the novel Protein Kinase C (PKC) isotypes δ, ε, η, θ (in particular PKCε/η, and display a 10-100-fold selectivity over the classical PKC isotypes. The prototype compound 11 was found to inhibit PKCθ-dependent pathways in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, a-CD3/a-CD28-induced lymphocyte proliferation could be effectively blocked in 10% rat whole blood. In mice, 11 dose-dependently inhibited Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B-triggered IL-2 serum levels after oral dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice J van Eis
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Forum 1, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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24
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Spleen tyrosine kinases: biology, therapeutic targets and drugs. Drug Discov Today 2010; 15:517-30. [PMID: 20553955 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2010.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2009] [Revised: 04/02/2010] [Accepted: 05/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) is an intriguing protein tyrosine kinase involved in signal transduction in a variety of cell types, and its aberrant regulation is associated with different allergic disorders and antibody-mediated autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, asthma and allergic rhinitis. Syk also plays an important part in the uncontrolled growth of tumor cells, particularly B cells. For these reasons, Syk is considered one of the most interesting biological targets of the last decade, as proved by the great number of papers and patents published, and the possibility of treating these pathologies by means of Syk kinase inhibitors has led to a great interest from the pharmaceutical and biotech industry.
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25
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Kovalskiy DA, Perevalov VP. Synthesis of 7-(4-piperidyl)- [1,6]naphthyridin-5-one and 3-(4-piperidyl)isoqunolin-1-one. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-010-0457-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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26
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The non-receptor spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk; EC 2.7.10.2) is involved in signal transduction in a variety of cell types. In particular, it is a key mediator of immune receptors signaling in host inflammatory cells (B cells, mast cells, macrophages and neutrophils), important for both allergic and antibody-mediated autoimmune diseases. Deregulated Syk kinase activity also allows growth factor-independent proliferation and transforms bone marrow-derived pre-B cells that are able to induce leukemia. Consequently, the development of Syk kinase inhibitors could conceivably treat these disorders and so they have became a major focus in the pharmaceutical and biotech industry. OBJECTIVE In this review, we analyze the structure and role of Syk kinase, the use of small molecules, interacting with ATP-binding site, as inhibitors of kinase activity and finally the potential of using inhibitors of Syk kinase expression to attenuate pathological conditions. CONCLUSION Syk kinase inhibition is suggested as a powerful tool for the therapy of different pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Ruzza
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry of CNR, Padova Unit, c/o Dept. Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, Padua, Italy.
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27
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Norman P. A novel Syk kinase inhibitor suitable for inhalation: R-343(?)--WO-2009031011. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2010; 19:1469-72. [PMID: 19552507 DOI: 10.1517/13543770903059281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The subject of this application is N(4)-[(2,2-difluoro-4H-benzo[1,4]oxazin-3-one)-6-yl]-5-fluoro-N(2)-[3-(methylaminocarbonylmethyleneoxy)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine xinafoate salt, as well as inhalant formulations of the salt and a process for the preparation of the salt. This salt is probably R-343, a Syk kinase inhibitor being developed under license by Pfizer, an inhaled formulation of which is in Phase I development for the treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Norman
- Norman Consulting, 18 Pink Lane, Burnham, Buckinghamshire, UK
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28
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Regioselective intramolecular electrophilic substitution reactions involving π-deficient pyridine substrates: a new entry to pyridoquinazolines and benzo[h][1,6]naphthyridines. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.11.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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29
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Mekheimer RA, Ibrahim YR, Ahmed EA, Frey W. Naphthyridines. Part 3: First example of the polyfunctionally substituted 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-g][1,6]naphthyridines ring system. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.09.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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30
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Xie HZ, Li LL, Ren JX, Zou J, Yang L, Wei YQ, Yang SY. Pharmacophore modeling study based on known spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitors together with virtual screening for identifying novel inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:1944-9. [PMID: 19254842 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2008] [Revised: 01/20/2009] [Accepted: 02/12/2009] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this investigation, chemical features based 3D pharmacophore models were developed based on the known inhibitors of Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) with the aid of hiphop and hyporefine modules within catalyst. The best quantitative pharmacophore model, Hypo1, was used as a 3D structural query for retrieving potential inhibitors from chemical databases including Specs, NCI, MayBridge, and Chinese Nature Product Database (CNPD). The hit compounds were subsequently subjected to filtering by Lipinski's rule of five and docking studies to refine the retrieved hits. Finally 30 compounds were selected from the top ranked hit compounds and conducted an in vitro kinase inhibitory assay. Six compounds showed a good inhibitory potency against Syk, which have been selected for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Zhang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610041, China
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31
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Bamborough P, Drewry D, Harper G, Smith GK, Schneider K. Assessment of chemical coverage of kinome space and its implications for kinase drug discovery. J Med Chem 2009; 51:7898-914. [PMID: 19035792 DOI: 10.1021/jm8011036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
More than 500 compounds chosen to represent kinase inhibitor space have been screened against a panel of over 200 protein kinases. Significant results include the identification of hits against new kinases including PIM1 and MPSK1, and the expansion of the inhibition profiles of several literature compounds. A detailed analysis of the data through the use of affinity fingerprints has produced findings with implications for biological target selection, the choice of tool compounds for target validation, and lead discovery and optimization. In a detailed examination of the tyrosine kinases, interesting relationships have been found between targets and compounds. Taken together, these results show how broad cross-profiling can provide important insights to assist kinase drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Bamborough
- Molecular Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK.
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32
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Discovery and SAR of novel 4-thiazolyl-2-phenylaminopyrimidines as potent inhibitors of spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:6231-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.09.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2008] [Revised: 09/25/2008] [Accepted: 09/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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33
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Hirabayashi A, Mukaiyama H, Kobayashi H, Shiohara H, Nakayama S, Ozawa M, Miyazawa K, Misawa K, Ohnota H, Isaji M. A novel Syk family kinase inhibitor: Design, synthesis, and structure–activity relationship of 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-c]pyrimidine and 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:7347-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2008] [Revised: 06/10/2008] [Accepted: 06/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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34
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Bhagwat SS. Kinase inhibitors for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Purinergic Signal 2008; 5:107-15. [PMID: 18568424 PMCID: PMC2721774 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-008-9117-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2008] [Accepted: 05/13/2008] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs targeting inhibition of kinases for the treatment of inflammation and autoimmune disorders have become a major focus in the pharmaceutical and biotech industry. Multiple kinases from different pathways have been the targets of interest in this endeavor. This review describes some of the recent developments in the search for inhibitors of IKK2, Syk, Lck, and JAK3 kinases. It is anticipated that some of these compounds or newer inhibitors of these kinases will be approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, organ transplantation, and other autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shripad S Bhagwat
- Ambit Biosciences, 4215 Sorrento Valley Boulevard, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA,
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35
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Abstract
Allergic rhinitis is characterized by a hypersensitive immune response in the upper airways to seasonal or perennial allergens leading to episodes of sneezing, itching, runny nose and nasal congestion. These symptoms are mainly the manifestations of a large number of mediators released by mast cells and basophils localized in the nasal mucosa, following their activation via allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) receptors. Current medications antagonize the action of distinct mediators such as histamine and leukotrienes for symptom relief, or block the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines to suppress allergic inflammation. Notably, rather than neutralizing individual mediators, Syk kinase inhibitors can block the allergen-induced release of all mast cell mediators and the production of most eicosanoids and cytokines. Thus, Syk kinase represents an attractive therapeutic target for acute and chronic allergic inflammation. Syk kinase inhibitors are now entering clinical trials. Using cell-based structure-activity relationships with primary human mast cells, a series of 2,4-diaminopyrimidine Syk kinase inhibitors was developed. One of these compounds, referred to as R112, exhibited suitable characteristics for intranasal delivery and was tested for safety and efficacy in allergic rhinitis patients. In a park environment, R112 showed remarkable amelioration of acute allergic rhinitis symptoms with rapid onset of action. These results demonstrate the clinical significance of inhibiting Syk in allergic upper airway disorders.
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36
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Ulanova M, Duta F, Puttagunta L, Schreiber AD, Befus AD. Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) as a novel target for allergic asthma and rhinitis. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2007; 9:901-21. [PMID: 16185147 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.9.5.901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Allergic asthma and rhinitis are prevalent diseases in the modern world, both marked by inflammation of the airways. The spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) plays a critical role in the regulation of such immune and inflammatory responses. Although Syk is best known as a key component of immunoreceptor signalling complexes in leukocytes, recent studies demonstrated Syk expression in cells outside the haematopoietic lineage. Moreover, in recent years, it has been established that Syk is involved in various signalling cascades including those originating from integrin and cytokine receptors. Thus, Syk likely has a much wider biological role than previously recognised. Specific inhibition of Syk using aerosolised antisense oligonucleotides in liposome complexes significantly decreased lung inflammatory responses in experimental asthma and acute lung injury models. In addition, pharmacological inhibitors of Syk have been recently developed with potential for use as therapeutics. However, in the development and the rational delivery of drugs targeting Syk, it is important to consider the multiple cell types that express this kinase and the potential effects of its inhibition on various physiological functions. This review focuses on the recent data and the emerging ideas about Syk as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ulanova
- University of Alberta, Department of Medicine, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2S2, Canada
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37
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Chapter 24 Spleen Tyrosine Kinase (Syk) Biology, Inhibitors and Therapeutic Applications. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(07)42024-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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38
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Hisamichi H, Naito R, Toyoshima A, Kawano N, Ichikawa A, Orita A, Orita M, Hamada N, Takeuchi M, Ohta M, Tsukamoto SI. Synthetic studies on novel Syk inhibitors. Part 1: Synthesis and structure–activity relationships of pyrimidine-5-carboxamide derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:4936-51. [PMID: 15990316 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2005] [Revised: 05/17/2005] [Accepted: 05/17/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) is a non-receptor-type tyrosine kinase which mediates diverse responses in haematopoietic cells. Therefore, Syk is an attractive therapeutic target, and in a study of Syk inhibitors as potentially new therapeutic agents, we discovered the 4-anilinopyrimidine-5-carboxamides. Enzyme screening indicated that an aminoethylamino moiety at the 2-position of the pyrimidine ring was important for Syk inhibitory activity, and an investigation of the substituents at the 4-position revealed that an anilino moiety substituted at the meta position was preferred. These compounds showed high selectivity for Syk, compared to other kinases, such as ZAP-70, c-Src, and PKC, and exhibited good inhibitory activities against 5-HT release from RBL-cells. Among them, compound 9a inhibited the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction in mice, with an ID50 of 13 mg/kg following subcutaneous administration. These results suggest that our compounds are worthy of further evaluation as new anti-allergic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Hisamichi
- Institute for Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan.
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