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Kumar N, Gupta P, Bansal S. Progress and Development of Carbazole Scaffold Based as Potential Anti-
Alzheimer Agents Using MTDL Approach. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180819666220314144219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Alzheimer’s is a neurodegenerative disease (NDs) found in old age people with associated
most common symptom dementia. MTDLs (Multi-Target Direct Ligand strategy) is based on a combination
of two or more bioactive pharmacophores into a single molecule and this phenomenon has received a
great attention in the new era of modern drug discovery and emerging as a choice to treat this complex
Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In last fifteen years, many research groups designed, and synthesized new
carbazole integrated molecules linked with other bioactive pharmacophores like thiazoles, carvedilol, α-
naphthylaminopropan-2-ol, tacrine, ferulic acid, piperazine, coumarin, chalcones, stilbene, benzyl piperidine,
adamantane, quinoline, phthalocyanines, α-amino phosphonate, thiosemicarbazones, hydrazones,
etc. derivatives using MTDLs approach to confront AD. The present review entails the scientific data on
carbazole hybrids as potential Anti-Alzheimer activities from 2007 to 2021 that have shown potential
anti-Alzheimer activities through multiple target pathways thereby promising hope for new drug development
to confront AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Kumar
- School of Medical and Allied Sciences (SMAS), K.R. Mangalam University, Sohna road, Gurugram, Haryana, India
- Sanskar College of Pharmacy and Research (SCPR), NH-24, Ahead Masuri Canal, Ghaziabad 201302, India
| | - Pankaj Gupta
- School of Medical and Allied Sciences (SMAS), K.R. Mangalam University, Sohna road, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Sahil Bansal
- School of Medical and Allied Sciences (SMAS), K.R. Mangalam University, Sohna road, Gurugram, Haryana, India
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2
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Argade MD, DeCristofano L, Bhattarai N, Schulte MK, Dukat M. Evaluation of galantamine and deconstructed analogs as α7 nAChR and AChE ligands. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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3
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Discovery of a Novel Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor by Fragment-Based Design and Virtual Screening. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26072058. [PMID: 33916760 PMCID: PMC8038331 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive and intensive research efforts in recent decades, there is still no effective treatment for neurodegenerative diseases. On this background, the use of drugs inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) remains an eternal evergreen in the symptomatic treatment of mild to moderate cognitive impairments. Even more, the cholinergic hypothesis, somewhat forgotten in recent years due to the shift in focus on amyloid cascade, is back to life, and the search for new, more effective AChE inhibitors continues. We generated a fragment-based library containing aromatic moieties and linkers originating from a set of novel AChE inhibitors. We used this library to design 1220 galantamine (GAL) derivatives following the model GAL (binding core) - linker (L) - aromatic fragment (Ar). The newly designed compounds were screened virtually for blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability and binding to AChE. Among the top 10 best-scored compounds, a representative lead molecule was selected and tested for anti-AChE activity and neurotoxicity. It was found that the selected compound was a powerful non-toxic AChE inhibitor, 68 times more active than GAL, and could serve as a lead molecule for further optimization and development.
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4
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Stavrakov G, Philipova I, Lukarski A, Atanasova M, Zheleva D, Zhivkova ZD, Ivanov S, Atanasova T, Konstantinov S, Doytchinova I. Galantamine-Curcumin Hybrids as Dual-Site Binding Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors. Molecules 2020; 25:E3341. [PMID: 32717861 PMCID: PMC7435983 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Galantamine (GAL) and curcumin (CU) are alkaloids used to improve symptomatically neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer's disease (AD). GAL acts mainly as an inhibitor of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). CU binds to amyloid-beta (Aβ) oligomers and inhibits the formation of Aβ plaques. Here, we combine GAL core with CU fragments and design a combinatorial library of GAL-CU hybrids as dual-site binding AChE inhibitors. The designed hybrids are screened for optimal ADME properties and BBB permeability and docked on AChE. The 14 best performing compounds are synthesized and tested in vitro for neurotoxicity and anti-AChE activity. Five of them are less toxic than GAL and CU and show activities between 41 and 186 times higher than GAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgi Stavrakov
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.L.); (M.A.); (D.Z.); (Z.D.Z.); (S.I.); (T.A.); (S.K.)
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Irena Philipova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Atanas Lukarski
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.L.); (M.A.); (D.Z.); (Z.D.Z.); (S.I.); (T.A.); (S.K.)
| | - Mariyana Atanasova
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.L.); (M.A.); (D.Z.); (Z.D.Z.); (S.I.); (T.A.); (S.K.)
| | - Dimitrina Zheleva
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.L.); (M.A.); (D.Z.); (Z.D.Z.); (S.I.); (T.A.); (S.K.)
| | - Zvetanka D. Zhivkova
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.L.); (M.A.); (D.Z.); (Z.D.Z.); (S.I.); (T.A.); (S.K.)
| | - Stefan Ivanov
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.L.); (M.A.); (D.Z.); (Z.D.Z.); (S.I.); (T.A.); (S.K.)
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Teodora Atanasova
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.L.); (M.A.); (D.Z.); (Z.D.Z.); (S.I.); (T.A.); (S.K.)
| | - Spiro Konstantinov
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.L.); (M.A.); (D.Z.); (Z.D.Z.); (S.I.); (T.A.); (S.K.)
| | - Irini Doytchinova
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.L.); (M.A.); (D.Z.); (Z.D.Z.); (S.I.); (T.A.); (S.K.)
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Malik R, Choudhary BS, Srivastava S, Mehta P, Sharma M. Identification of novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitors through e-pharmacophore-based virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 35:3268-3284. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1253503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Malik
- Department of Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer 305817, Rajasthan, India
| | - Bhanwar Singh Choudhary
- Department of Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer 305817, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shubham Srivastava
- Department of Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer 305817, Rajasthan, India
| | - Pakhuri Mehta
- Department of Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer 305817, Rajasthan, India
| | - Manish Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Sadopur, Ambala 134007, Haryana, India
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Galantamine derivatives with indole moiety: Docking, design, synthesis and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:5382-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Molecular Docking Study on Galantamine Derivatives as Cholinesterase Inhibitors. Mol Inform 2015; 34:394-403. [DOI: 10.1002/minf.201400145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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8
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Lan P, Jackson CJ, Banwell MG, Willis AC. Synthesis of a D-Ring Isomer of Galanthamine via a Radical-Based Smiles Rearrangement Reaction. J Org Chem 2014; 79:6759-64. [DOI: 10.1021/jo501255c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lan
- Research
School of Chemistry,
Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Colin J. Jackson
- Research
School of Chemistry,
Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Martin G. Banwell
- Research
School of Chemistry,
Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Anthony C. Willis
- Research
School of Chemistry,
Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
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9
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Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors as Alzheimer therapy: From nerve toxins to neuroprotection. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 70:165-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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A review on cholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer’s disease. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 36:375-99. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0036-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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11
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Szántay C, Keglevich P, Kovács P, Hazai L, Sánta Z, Dubrovay Z, Háda V, Szántay C, Kalaus G. A New Derivative of Galanthamine: Methylene Insertion into the Aromatic Ring in Place of Cyclopropanation. HETEROCYCLES 2012. [DOI: 10.3987/com-11-s(p)98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Nascimento ECM, Martins JBL. Electronic structure and PCA analysis of covalent and non-covalent acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. J Mol Model 2010; 17:1371-9. [PMID: 20839017 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-010-0838-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hartree-Fock and density functional methods were used to analyze electronic and structural properties of known drugs to evaluate the influence of these data on acetylcholinesterase inhibition. The energies of the frontier orbitals and the distances between the more acidic hydrogen species were investigated to determine their contributions to the activity of a group of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Electrostatic potential maps indicated suitable sites for drugs-enzyme interactions. In this study, the structural, electronic and spatial properties of nine drugs with known inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase were examined. The data were obtained based on calculations at the B3LYP/6-31 + G(d,p) level. Multivariate principal components analysis was applied to 18 parameters to determine the pharmacophoric profile of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Desirable features for acetylcholinesterase inhibitor molecules include aromatic systems or groups that simulate the surface electrostatic potential of aromatic systems and the presence of a sufficient number of hydrogen acceptors and few hydrogen donors. PCA showed that electronic properties, including the HOMO-1 orbital energy, logP and aromatic system quantity, as well as structural data, such as volume, size and H-H distance, are the most significant properties.
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Node M, Kajimoto T, Ozeki M. Development of Novel Asymmetric Reactions and Their Application to the Synthesis of Natural Products. HETEROCYCLES 2010. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-09-664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Bartolucci C, Haller LA, Jordis U, Fels G, Lamba D. Probing Torpedo californica Acetylcholinesterase Catalytic Gorge with Two Novel Bis-functional Galanthamine Derivatives. J Med Chem 2009; 53:745-51. [DOI: 10.1021/jm901296p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Bartolucci
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Area della Ricerca di Roma, P.O. Box 10, I-00016 Monterotondo Stazione(Roma), Italy
| | - Lars A. Haller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Ulrich Jordis
- Vienna University of Technology, Institute for Organic Chemistry, Getreidemarkt 9, A-1060 Wien, Austria
| | - Gregor Fels
- Department of Chemistry, University of Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Doriano Lamba
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, UOS di Trieste, Area Science Park, Basovizza S.S 14 Km 163.5, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
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Jia P, Sheng R, Zhang J, Fang L, He Q, Yang B, Hu Y. Design, synthesis and evaluation of galanthamine derivatives as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2009; 44:772-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2008.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2008] [Revised: 04/03/2008] [Accepted: 04/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Node M, Kodama S, Hamashima Y, Katoh T, Nishide K, Kajimoto T. Biomimetic Synthesis of (.+-.)-Galanthamine and Asymmetric Synthesis of (-)-Galanthamine Using Remote Asymmetric Induction. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2006; 54:1662-79. [PMID: 17139102 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.54.1662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
(+/-)-Galanthamine (1) was synthesized in excellent yield by applying PIFA-mediated oxidative phenol coupling of N-(4-hydroxy)phenethyl-N-(3',4',5'-trialkoxy)benzyl formamide (15b) as a key step. Because of the symmetrical characteristics of the pyrogallol moiety in the substrate (15b), the phenol coupling resulted in a sole coupling product except for volatile components from the oxidizing agent. On the basis of the successful results of the above strategy, (-)-galanthamine (1) was synthesized by employing a novel remote asymmetric induction, where conformation of the seven-membered ring in the product of the phenol coupling was restricted by forming a fused-chiral imidazolidinone ring with D-phenylalanine on the benzylic C-N bond of the tri-O-alkylated gallyl amino moiety. The conformational restriction and successive debenzylation of the protected hydroxyl groups on the pyrogallol ring caused diastereoselective cyclization to yield a cyclic ether having the desired stereochemistry for the synthesis of (-)-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Node
- Department of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Chemistry, 21st Century COE Program, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan.
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Marco-Contelles J, do Carmo Carreiras M, Rodríguez C, Villarroya M, García AG. Synthesis and Pharmacology of Galantamine. Chem Rev 2005; 106:116-33. [PMID: 16402773 DOI: 10.1021/cr040415t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José Marco-Contelles
- Laboratorio de Radicales Libres (CSIC), C/ Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006-Madrid, Spain.
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Ezoulin MJM, Li J, Wu G, Dong CZ, Ombetta JE, Chen HZ, Massicot F, Heymans F. Differential effect of PMS777, a new type of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, and galanthamine on oxidative injury induced in human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. Neurosci Lett 2005; 389:61-5. [PMID: 16095823 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2005.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2005] [Revised: 07/13/2005] [Accepted: 07/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In the search for highly selective and potent cholinesterase inhibitors (AChEI) being able to improve oxidative injury, PMS777, a tetrahydrofuran derivative, was designed as a novel dual PAF and acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. The aim of this study was to investigate the modulatory effects of PMS777 and galanthamine, another AChEI, on the oxidative injury induced in neuronal cells. The SK-N-SH cells stimulated with LPS+IL-(1beta) were selected to investigate the direct inhibitory effect of PMS777 and galanthamine. LPS+IL-(1beta) induced oxidative injury as assessed by ROS production (29%), GSH depletion (11%) and loss of mitochondrial activity (22%). GSH depletion was never decreased by either drug. In contrast, ROS production and mitochondrial activity were totally prevented by addition of PMS777 but not galanthamine. PMS777 also inhibits butylcholinesterase and it shows selectivity for acetylcholinesterase. Thus, this PAF antagonist inaugurates a new type of AChEI, able to fight oxidative injury. Therefore, PMS777 could be of interest on patients with cognitive impairments and inflammatory damage, as in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miezan J-M Ezoulin
- Unité de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire et Systèmes Membranaires (EA2381), Université Paris 7-Denis Diderot, Case 7066, 2 Place Jussieu, 75251 Paris Cedex 05, France
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19
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Marco-Contelles J, Rodríguez C, García AG. Chemical synthesis of galantamine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2005. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.15.5.575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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