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Meanwell NA. The pyridazine heterocycle in molecular recognition and drug discovery. Med Chem Res 2023; 32:1-69. [PMID: 37362319 PMCID: PMC10015555 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-023-03035-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
The pyridazine ring is endowed with unique physicochemical properties, characterized by weak basicity, a high dipole moment that subtends π-π stacking interactions and robust, dual hydrogen-bonding capacity that can be of importance in drug-target interactions. These properties contribute to unique applications in molecular recognition while the inherent polarity, low cytochrome P450 inhibitory effects and potential to reduce interaction of a molecule with the cardiac hERG potassium channel add additional value in drug discovery and development. The recent approvals of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor antagonist relugolix (24) and the allosteric tyrosine kinase 2 inhibitor deucravacitinib (25) represent the first examples of FDA-approved drugs that incorporate a pyridazine ring. In this review, the properties of the pyridazine ring are summarized in comparison to the other azines and its potential in drug discovery is illustrated through vignettes that explore applications that take advantage of the inherent physicochemical properties as an approach to solving challenges associated with candidate optimization. Graphical Abstract
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Ahmadi S, Habibi D, Heydari S, Roshani Asl E. The capable xanthine-based adsorbent for removal of the Cd(II), Ni(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution via their complexation and the use of its corresponding Cd complex for the green synthesis of indazolophthalazinetriones. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-022-04868-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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3
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Prem Kumar S, Shaikh IA, Mahnashi MH, Alshahrani MA, Dixit SR, Kulkarni VH, Lherbet C, Gadad AK, Aminabhavi TM, Joshi SD. Design, synthesis and computational approach to study novel pyrrole scaffolds as active inhibitors of enoyl ACP reductase (InhA) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis antagonists. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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4
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Simijonović D, Vlachou EEN, Litinas KE, Petrović ZD, Petrović VP. Synthesis, structural characterization, and molecular docking study of new phthalhydrazide-coumarin hybrids. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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5
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Synthesis and biological activity of structurally diverse phthalazine derivatives: A systematic review. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:3979-3997. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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6
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A facile greener synthesis, antimicrobial evaluation and molecular modelling of new 4-aryl-2-(3-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)phthalazin-1(2H)-one derivatives. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-018-03711-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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7
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Joshi SD, More UA, Dixit SR, Balmi SV, Kulkarni BG, Ullagaddi G, Lherbet C, Aminabhavi TM. Chemical synthesis and in silico molecular modeling of novel pyrrolyl benzohydrazide derivatives: Their biological evaluation against enoyl ACP reductase (InhA) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bioorg Chem 2017; 75:181-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Synthesis and molecular modeling studies of novel pyrrole analogs as antimycobacterial agents. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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Synthesis, biological evaluation and structure–activity relationship of 2-styrylquinazolones as anti-tubercular agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:2663-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Benzo[ d ]thiazol-2-yl(piperazin-1-yl)methanones as new anti-mycobacterial chemotypes: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and 3D-QSAR studies. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 116:187-199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Hameed AD, Ovais S, Yaseen R, Rathore P, Samim M, Singh S, Sharma K, Akhtar M, Javed K. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New Phthalazinone Derivatives as Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Proliferative Agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2016; 349:150-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201500336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alhamzah Dh. Hameed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University); New Delhi India
| | - Syed Ovais
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University); New Delhi India
| | - Raed Yaseen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University); New Delhi India
| | - Pooja Rathore
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University); New Delhi India
| | - Mohammed Samim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University); New Delhi India
| | - Surender Singh
- Department of Pharmacology; All India Institute of Medical Science; New Delhi India
| | - Kalicharan Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory; Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University); New Delhi India
| | - Mymona Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory; Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University); New Delhi India
| | - Kalim Javed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University); New Delhi India
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Marzouk MI, Shaker SA, Abdel Hafiz AA, El-Baghdady KZ. Design and Synthesis of New Phthalazinone Derivatives Containing Benzyl Moiety with Anticipated Antitumor Activity. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 39:239-51. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Moustafa AH, El-Sayed HA, Abd El-Hady RA, Haikal AZ, El-Hashash M. Synthesis, Antiviral, and Antimicrobial Activity ofN- andS-Alkylated Phthalazine Derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H. Moustafa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Zagazig University; Zagazig Egypt
| | - Hassan A. El-Sayed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Zagazig University; Zagazig Egypt
| | | | | | - Maher El-Hashash
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Ain-Shams University; Cairo Egypt
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14
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Pharmacophore modeling, 3DQSAR, and docking-based design of polysubstituted quinolines derivatives as inhibitors of phosphodiesterase 4, and preliminary evaluation of their anti-asthmatic potential. Med Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-014-1048-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Dong C, Liao Z, Xu X, Zhou H. A New Pathway for Phthalazine DerivativesviaMetal-Free Cyclization ofortho-Alkynylphenyl Ketones and Hydrazine. J Heterocycl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.1682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chune Dong
- Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education; Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Zongquan Liao
- Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education; Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education; Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Haibing Zhou
- Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education; Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wuhan 430072 China
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Bhagat S, Shah P, Garg SK, Mishra S, Kamal Kaur P, Singh S, Chakraborti AK. α-Aminophosphonates as novel anti-leishmanial chemotypes: synthesis, biological evaluation, and CoMFA studies. MEDCHEMCOMM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3md00388d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
α-Aminophosphonates have been identified as novel anti-leishmanial chemotypes against theL. donovanipromastigote with low μM range activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikant Bhagat
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- S. A. S. Nagar 160 062, India
| | - Parth Shah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- S. A. S. Nagar 160 062, India
| | - Sanjeev K. Garg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- S. A. S. Nagar 160 062, India
| | - Shweta Mishra
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- S. A. S. Nagar 160 062, India
| | - Preet Kamal Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- S. A. S. Nagar 160 062, India
| | - Sushma Singh
- Department of Biotechnology
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- S. A. S. Nagar 160 062, India
| | - Asit K. Chakraborti
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- S. A. S. Nagar 160 062, India
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17
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Yaseen S, Ovais S, Bashir R, Rathore P, Samim M, Singh S, Nair V, Javed K. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 4-arylphthalazones bearing benzenesulfonamide as anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2013; 346:491-8. [PMID: 23670888 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201300056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nine 4-arylphthalazones bearing benzenesulfonamide (2a-i) were synthesized by the condensation of the appropriate 2-aroylbenzoic acid (1a-i) and 4-hydrazinobenzenesulfonamide in ethanol. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by elemental analysis, IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and MS spectroscopy. Two compounds, 2b and 2i, showed significant anti-inflammatory activity comparable to that of the standard drug celecoxib in the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model. These compounds (2b and 2i) had selective inhibitory activity towards the COX-2 enzyme. Compound 2b had a better selectivity ratio (COX-1/COX-2) compared to that of celecoxib and can be used as a novel template for the design of selective COX-2 inhibitors. Compounds 2d and 2i were screened for their antiproliferative activity toward 60 human cancer cell lines by the National Cancer Institute (USA). The compounds 2d and 2i displayed mild activity toward the renal cancer cell line UO-31.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafiya Yaseen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
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Adepu R, Rambabu D, Prasad B, Meda CLT, Kandale A, Krishna GR, Reddy CM, Chennuru LN, Parsa KVL, Pal M. Novel thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines: their design, synthesis, crystal structure analysis and pharmacological evaluation. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:5554-69. [PMID: 22710638 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25420d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Novel thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines containing a cyclohexane ring fused with a six- or five-membered heterocyclic moiety along with a benzylic nitrile were designed as potential inhibitors of PDE4. Expeditious synthesis of these compounds was carried out via a multi-step sequence consisting of a few key steps such as Gewald reaction, Dieckmann type cyclisation and Krapcho decarboxylation. This newly developed strategy involved construction of the thienopyrimidine ring followed by the cyclohexanone moiety and subsequently the fused heterocyclic ring. A number of thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine based derivatives were synthesized using this method some of which showed promising PDE4B inhibitory properties. One of them was tested for PDE4D inhibition in vitro and dose dependent inhibition of TNF-α. A few selected molecules were docked into the PE4B protein the results of which showed good overall correlations to their observed PDE4B inhibitory properties in vitro. The crystal structure analysis of representative compounds along with hydrogen bonding patterns and molecular arrangement present within the molecule is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Adepu
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
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19
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Kumar KS, Kiran Kumar S, Yogi Sreenivas B, Gorja DR, Kapavarapu R, Rambabu D, Rama Krishna G, Reddy CM, Basaveswara Rao M, Parsa KV, Pal M. C–C bond formation at C-2 of a quinoline ring: Synthesis of 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)quinoline-3-carbonitrile derivatives as a new class of PDE4 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:2199-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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20
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Predictive QSAR modeling of phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors. J Mol Graph Model 2012; 32:32-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2011.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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21
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Kumar KS, Adepu R, Kapavarapu R, Rambabu D, Krishna GR, Reddy CM, Priya KK, Parsa KV, Pal M. AlCl3 induced C-arylation/cyclization in a single pot: a new route to benzofuran fused N-heterocycles of pharmacological interest. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.12.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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23
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Pérez-Villanueva J, Medina-Franco JL, Caulfield TR, Hernández-Campos A, Hernández-Luis F, Yépez-Mulia L, Castillo R. Comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) of some benzimidazole derivatives with trichomonicidal activity. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:3499-508. [PMID: 21621311 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Revised: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Trichomonosis is a common sexually transmitted infectious disease linked to reproductive health complications. Recently, the benzimidazole nucleus has emerged as a promising scaffold to develop new trichomonicidal agents. Despite the fact that large amounts of experimental data have been accumulated over the past eight years, no quantitative studies have yet been reported on this class of compounds. In our effort to develop new antiparasitic benzimidazole derivatives, we report in this paper CoMFA and CoMSIA studies with an initial set of 70 benzimidazole derivatives with trichomonicidal activity. Four CoMFA models and eight CoMSIA models were generated; ten of these models had values of r(2) > 0.6 and q(2) > 0.5. The best CoMFA model had r(2) = 0.936 and q(2) = 0.634, and the best CoMSIA model had r(2) = 0.858 and q(2) = 0.642. These models were generated by using two conformer selection methodologies (minimum energy conformations and 3D similarity), and three charge types (Mulliken, Gasteiger-Hükel and electrostatic potential atomic charges). The putative active tautomers of 1H-benzimidazole derivatives were selected using 3D-QSAR calculations. All models were validated via an external test set with 13 molecules. The best models satisfied additional validation criteria. The contour maps generated show the most important features that a benzimidazole derivative should have for trichomonicidal activity; they also, suggest that substituents at the 2- and 6-positions are important in the generation of derivatives with strong activity.
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Takahashi T, Fukui N, Arakawa M, Funatsu K, Ema Y. An Automatic Modeling System of the Calculation Process of a CVD Film Deposition Simulator. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 2010. [DOI: 10.1252/jcej.10we003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Takahashi
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University
| | - Noriyuki Fukui
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University
| | - Masamoto Arakawa
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo
| | - Kimito Funatsu
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo
| | - Yoshinori Ema
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University
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Adekoya A, Dong X, Ebalunode J, Zheng W. Development of improved models for phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors with a multi-conformational structure-based QSAR method. CURRENT CHEMICAL GENOMICS 2009; 3:54-61. [PMID: 20161837 PMCID: PMC2802764 DOI: 10.2174/1875397300903010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2009] [Revised: 09/15/2009] [Accepted: 09/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE-4) is an important drug target for several diseases, including COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder) and neurodegenerative diseases. In this paper, we describe the development of improved QSAR (quantitative structure-activity relationship) models using a novel multi-conformational structure-based pharmacophore key (MC-SBPPK) method. Similar to our previous work, this method calculates molecular descriptors based on the matching of a molecule's pharmacophore features with those of the target binding pocket. Therefore, these descriptors are PDE4-specific, and most relevant to the problem under study. Furthermore, this work expands our previous SBPPK QSAR method by explicitly including multiple conformations of the PDE-4 inhibitors in the regression analysis, and thus addresses the issue of molecular flexibility. The nonlinear regression problem resulted from including multiple conformations has been transformed into a linear equation and solved by an iterative partial least square (iPLS) procedure, according to the Lukacova-Balaz scheme. 35 PDE-4 inhibitors have been analyzed with this new method, and predictive models have been developed. Based on the prediction statistics for both the training set and the test set, these new models are more robust and predictive than those obtained by traditional ligand-based QSAR techniques as well as that obtained with the SBPPK method reported in our previous work. As a result, multiple predictive models have been added to the collection of QSAR models for PDE4 inhibitors. Collectively, these models will be useful for the discovery of new drug candidates targeting the PDE-4 enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adetokunbo Adekoya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BRITE Institute, North Carolina Central University, 1801 Fayetteville Street, Durham, NC 27707, USA
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Cardia MC, Distinto S, Maccioni E, Plumitallo A, Sanna L, Sanna ML, Vigo S. Synthesis and characterization of new phthalhydrazothiazole derivatives: A preliminary investigation on their activity against hepatocellular carcinoma. J Heterocycl Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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28
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Dong X, Zheng W. A new structure-based QSAR method affords both descriptive and predictive models for phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors. CURRENT CHEMICAL GENOMICS 2008; 2:29-39. [PMID: 20161841 PMCID: PMC2803435 DOI: 10.2174/1875397300802010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2008] [Revised: 09/02/2008] [Accepted: 09/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We describe the application of a new QSAR (quantitative structure-activity relationship) formalism to the analysis and modeling of PDE-4 inhibitors. This new method takes advantage of the X-ray structural information of the PDE-4 enzyme to characterize the small molecule inhibitors. It calculates molecular descriptors based on the matching of their pharmacophore feature pairs with those (the reference) of the target binding pocket. Since the reference is derived from the X-ray crystal structures of the target under study, these descriptors are target-specific and easy to interpret. We have analyzed 35 indole derivative-based PDE-4 inhibitors where Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis has been employed to obtain the predictive models. Compared to traditional QSAR methods such as CoMFA and CoMSIA, our models are more robust and predictive measured by statistics for both the training and test sets of molecules. Our method can also identify critical pharmacophore features that are responsible for the inhibitory potency of the small molecules. Thus, this structure-based QSAR method affords both descriptive and predictive models for phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors. The success of this study has also laid a solid foundation for systematic QSAR modeling of the PDE family of enzymes, which will ultimately contribute to chemical genomics research and drug discovery targeting the PDE enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xialan Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BRITE Institute, North Carolina Central, University, 1801 Fayetteville Street, Durham, NC 27707, USA
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Haack T, Fattori R, Napoletano M, Pellacini F, Fronza G, Raffaini G, Ganazzoli F. Phthalazine PDE IV inhibitors: Conformational study of some 6-methoxy-1,4-disubstituted derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:4425-33. [PMID: 15927474 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2005] [Accepted: 04/19/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This report describes the detailed conformational analysis and synthesis of a series of phthalazine phosphodiesterase-type (IV) (PDE IV) inhibitors bearing either mono- or dichloro 4-methylenepyridine at the 'down' position of the phthalazine nucleus or different heterocycles at the 'top' position 4 of the phthalazine moiety. Both the mono- and dichloro 4-methylenepyridine units linked at carbon C1 of the phthalazine nucleus show identical conformational behaviour with the substituent preferentially oriented towards the external part of the molecule and the pyridine plane almost orthogonal to that of phthalazine ring. The heterocyclic five-membered rings linked at carbon C4 of phthalazine show quite different conformational behaviour. The 1,3-thiazole ring exists in a well-defined conformation almost coplanar with respect to the phthalazine nucleus while the 1,2,4-triazole and the 1,3-diazole heterocycles show a great conformational freedom with large torsion angles. Compound 3 bearing the thiazole ring at C4 displays the major biological activity, thus suggesting that a planar and rather rigid conformation of the pentacycle should favour the PDE IV inhibition capacity of this class of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Haack
- Inpharzam Ricerche, Zambon Group, Via ai Söi, 6807 Taverne, Switzerland.
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Thilagavathi R, Kumar R, Aparna V, Sobhia ME, Gopalakrishnan B, Chakraborti AK. Three-dimensional quantitative structure (3-D QSAR) activity relationship studies on imidazolyl and N-pyrrolyl heptenoates as 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) inhibitors by comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:1027-32. [PMID: 15686906 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2004] [Accepted: 12/14/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) of a set of 29 imidazolyl and N-pyrrolyl heptenoates have been performed to find out the structural requirements for 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) inhibitory activity. The HMG like side chain, a common moiety of statins, was used to align the molecules. The results guide to design new chemical entities with high potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramasamy Thilagavathi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
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