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Rocha MP, Campana PRV, Scoaris DDO, Almeida VLD, Lopes JCD, Shaw JMH, Silva CG. Combined In Vitro Studies and in Silico Target Fishing for the Evaluation of the Biological Activities of Diphylleia cymosa and Podophyllum hexandrum. Molecules 2018; 23:E3303. [PMID: 30551576 PMCID: PMC6321136 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports the in silico prediction of biological activities of lignans from Diphylleia cymosa and Podophyllum hexandrum combined with an in vitro bioassays. The extracts from the leaves, roots and rhizomes of both species were evaluated for their antibacterial, anticholinesterasic, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. A group of 27 lignans was selected for biological activities prediction using the Active-IT system with 1987 ligand-based bioactivity models. The in silico approach was properly validated and several ethnopharmacological uses and known biological activities were confirmed, whilst others should be investigated for new drugs with potential clinical use. The extracts from roots of D. cymosa and from rhizomes and roots of P. hexandrum were very effective against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus, while podophyllotoxin inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. D. cymosa leaves and roots showed anticholinesterasic and antioxidant activities, respectively. The evaluated extracts showed to be moderately toxic to THP-1 cells. The chromatographic characterization indicated that podophyllotoxin was the major constituent of P. hexandrum extract while kaempferol and its hexoside were the main constituents of D. cymosa leaves and roots, respectively. These results suggest that the podophyllotoxin could be the major antibacterial lignan, while flavonoids could be responsible for the antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Pereira Rocha
- Servico de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Fundacao Ezequiel Dias (FUNED), Belo Horizonte 30510-010, MG, Brazil.
- Departamento de Produtos Farmaceuticos FAFAR-UFMG, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil.
| | - Priscilla Rodrigues Valadares Campana
- Departamento de Produtos Farmaceuticos FAFAR-UFMG, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil.
- Servico de Fitoquimica e Prospeccao Farmaceutica, Fundacao Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte 30510-010, MG, Brazil.
| | - Denise de Oliveira Scoaris
- Servico de Fitoquimica e Prospeccao Farmaceutica, Fundacao Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte 30510-010, MG, Brazil.
| | - Vera Lucia de Almeida
- Servico de Fitoquimica e Prospeccao Farmaceutica, Fundacao Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte 30510-010, MG, Brazil.
| | - Julio Cesar Dias Lopes
- Chemoinformatics Group (NEQUIM), Departamento de Quimica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil.
| | - Julian Mark Hugh Shaw
- Science and Collections, Royal Horticultural Society, Wisley, Working, Surrey GU23 6QB, UK.
| | - Claudia Gontijo Silva
- Servico de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Fundacao Ezequiel Dias (FUNED), Belo Horizonte 30510-010, MG, Brazil.
- Servico de Fitoquimica e Prospeccao Farmaceutica, Fundacao Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte 30510-010, MG, Brazil.
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Yu X, Che Z, Xu H. Recent Advances in the Chemistry and Biology of Podophyllotoxins. Chemistry 2017; 23:4467-4526. [PMID: 27726183 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Podophyllotoxin and its related aryltetralin cyclolignans belong to a family of important products that exhibit various biological properties (e.g., cytotoxic, insecticidal, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, neurotoxic, immunosuppressive, antirheumatic, antioxidative, antispasmogenic, and hypolipidemic activities). This Review provides a survey of podophyllotoxin and its analogues isolated from plants. In particular, recent developments in the elegant total chemical synthesis, structural modifications, biosynthesis, and biotransformation of podophyllotoxin and its analogues are summarized. Moreover, a deoxypodophyllotoxin-based chemosensor for selective detection of mercury ion is described. In addition to the most active podophyllotoxin derivatives in each series against human cancer cell lines and insect pests listed in the tables, the structure-activity relationships of podophyllotoxin derivatives as cytotoxic and insecticidal agents are also outlined. Future prospects and further developments in this area are covered at the end of the Review. We believe that this Review will provide necessary information for synthetic, medicinal, and pesticidal chemistry researchers who are interested in the chemistry and biology of podophyllotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yu
- Research Institute of Pesticidal Design and Synthesis, College of Plant Protection/Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhiping Che
- Research Institute of Pesticidal Design and Synthesis, College of Plant Protection/Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
- College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, Henan Province, P. R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- Research Institute of Pesticidal Design and Synthesis, College of Plant Protection/Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
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Xu Z, Xiang B, Sun P. ortho-Olefination of Arylaldehyde O-Methyloximes through Palladium-Catalyzed C-H Activation. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Natural products-based insecticidal agents 5. Design, semisynthesis and insecticidal activity of novel 4′-substituted benzenesulfonate derivatives of 4-deoxypodophyllotoxin against Mythimna separata Walker in vivo. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:2500-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.02.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2009] [Revised: 01/21/2010] [Accepted: 02/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Xu H, Xiao X. Natural products-based insecticidal agents 4. Semisynthesis and insecticidal activity of novel esters of 2-chloropodophyllotoxin against Mythimna separata Walker in vivo. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:5415-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.07.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2009] [Revised: 07/04/2009] [Accepted: 07/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Chen SW, Xiang R, Tian X. Synthesis of New Conjugates of Modified Podophyllotoxin and Stavudine. Helv Chim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200900012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Zhu RR, Qin LL, Wang M, Wu SM, Wang SL, Zhang R, Liu ZX, Sun XY, Yao SD. Preparation, characterization, and anti-tumor property of podophyllotoxin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 20:055702. [PMID: 19417361 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/5/055702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In an effort to develop an alternative formulation of podophyllotoxin suitable for drug release and delivery, podophyllotoxin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (PPT-SLNs) were constructed, characterized and examined for in vitro cytotoxicity and tumor inhibition. The SLNs were prepared by using a solvent emulsification-evaporation method, and their size was around 50 nm. TEM detection showed that the SLNs were homogeneous and spherical in shape, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurement revealed a new conformation of PPT-SLNs. An in vitro drug release study showed that PPT was released from the SLNs in a slow but time-dependent manner. Furthermore, the treatment of 293T and HeLa cells with PPT-SLNs demonstrated that PPT-SLNs were less toxic to normal cells and more effective in anti-tumor potency compared with unconjugated PPT. A colony forming efficiency assay showed an effective long-term cancer growth suppression of PPT-SLNs; in addition, they can also enhance the apoptotic and cellular uptake processes on tumor cells compared with PPT. These results collectively demonstrated that this SLN formulation has a potential application as an alternative delivery system for anti-tumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Nanjundaswamy N, Shashikanth S, Anjanamurthy C, Lokanatha Rai KM. Tetralone Esters as Intermediates for the Synthesis of Podophyllotoxin Derivatives Via Cyclopropanation of Chalcones. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910008087138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Chen SW, Wang YH, Jin Y, Tian X, Zheng YT, Luo DQ, Tu YQ. Synthesis and anti-HIV-1 activities of novel podophyllotoxin derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:2091-5. [PMID: 17317161 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2006] [Revised: 10/13/2006] [Accepted: 11/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In order to explore the range of biological activities of the podophyllotoxin compound class, a novel series of derivatives of podophyllotoxin, which were conjugates containing stavudine and different structural podophyllotoxin analogues, were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their anti-HIV-1 activities in vitro. Among these compounds, 19d and 19c showed the highest anti-HIV-1 activities with EC(50) values of 0.17 and 0.29 microM and TI values of 466.9 and 354.5, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Wu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
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Gordaliza M, García PA, del Corral JMM, Castro MA, Gómez-Zurita MA. Podophyllotoxin: distribution, sources, applications and new cytotoxic derivatives. Toxicon 2004; 44:441-59. [PMID: 15302526 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2004.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 367] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Several podophyllotoxin derivatives modified in the A, B, C, D and E rings were prepared from podophyllotoxin and methyl isoxazopodophyllic acid and evaluated for their cytotoxicity on several neoplastic cell lines. Chemical transformations performed on these compounds have yielded derivatives more potent and more selective that the parent compound. Most of the compounds maintained their cytotoxicity at the microM level. Distribution, biosynthesis, production, biotechnology, applications and synthesis have also been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gordaliza
- Departamento de Química Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
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Roulland E, Magiatis P, Arimondo P, Bertounesque E, Monneret C. Hemi-synthesis and biological activity of new analogues of podophyllotoxin. Bioorg Med Chem 2002; 10:3463-71. [PMID: 12213460 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(02)00255-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Various 4-analogues of podophyllotoxin and epipodophyllotoxin were obtained via the formation of the corresponding 4-keto derivatives. Methyloximation of podophyllotoxone, followed by subsequent catalytic hydrogenation, gave stereoselective access to 4-alpha-amino-4-deoxypodophyllotoxin and from there, to the corresponding acetamido and formamido derivatives. Base-catalyzed isomerisation of 4-alpha-amino-4-deoxypodophyllotoxin led to the corresponding picropodophyllin isomer while the 4-beta-amino afforded a neopodophyllotoxin-like derivative. On the other hand, oxirane and hydroxymethyl-containing analogues were prepared from podophyllotoxin and 4-epi-4'-demethyl-podophyllotoxin, using a Takai olefination strategy. In the latter series, carboxaldehyde- and carboxylic acid-containing derivatives were also synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Roulland
- Laboratoire de Pharmacochimie, UMR 176 CNRS-IC, Section Recherche de l'Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris, France
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Nanjundaswamy N, Shashikanth S, Anjanamurthy C, Lokanath Rai KM. SYNTHESIS OF PODOPHYLLOTOXIN ANALOGUES. XII. SYNTHESIS OF β-APOPICROPODOPHYLLIN ANALOGUES[1]. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2002. [DOI: 10.1081/scc-120004135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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