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Anaraki-Ardakani H, Mosslemin MH, Sadoughi H, Makvandi N. Three-Component Synthesis of Dialkyl 2-(Cyclohexyliminomethylene)-3-Arylsulfonylamino Succinate. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.3184/174751911x12964930076881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The reactive 1:1 intermediate produced in the reaction between cyclohexyl isocyanide and dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates was trapped by arylsulfonamides to yield highly functionalised stable ketenimines under mild reaction conditions in fairly good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hesamaddin Sadoughi
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Yazd Branch, PO Box 89195-155, Yazd, Iran
| | - Nima Makvandi
- College of Natural Resources, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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Lessmann T, Leuenberger MG, Menninger S, Lopez-Canet M, Müller O, Hümmer S, Bormann J, Korn K, Fava E, Zerial M, Mayer TU, Waldmann H. Natural Product-Derived Modulators of Cell Cycle Progression and Viral Entry by Enantioselective Oxa Diels-Alder Reactions on the Solid Phase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 14:443-51. [PMID: 17462579 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2007.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2006] [Revised: 01/31/2007] [Accepted: 02/09/2007] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The underlying frameworks of natural product classes with multiple biological activities can be regarded as biologically selected and prevalidated starting points in vast chemical structure space in the development of compound collections for chemical biology and medicinal chemistry research. For the synthesis of natural product-derived and -inspired compound collections, the development of enantioselective transformations in a format amenable to library synthesis, e.g., on the solid support, is a major and largely unexplored goal. We report on the enantioselective solid-phase synthesis of a natural product-inspired alpha,beta-unsaturated delta-lactone collection and its investigation in cell-based screens monitoring cell cycle progression and viral entry into cells. The screens identified modulators of both biological processes at a high hit rate. The screen for inhibition of viral entry opens up avenues of research for the identification of compounds with antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torben Lessmann
- Abteilung Chemische Biologie, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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4
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Boshoff HI, Dowd CS. Chemical genetics: an evolving toolbox for target identification and lead optimization. PROGRESS IN DRUG RESEARCH. FORTSCHRITTE DER ARZNEIMITTELFORSCHUNG. PROGRES DES RECHERCHES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2007; 64:49, 51-77. [PMID: 17195471 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7643-7567-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chemical genetics combines chemistry with biology as a means of exploring the function of unknown proteins or identifying the proteins responsible for a particular phenotype. Chemical genetics is thus a valuable tool in the identification of novel drug targets. This chapter describes the application of chemical genetics in traditional and systems-based approaches to drug target discovery and the tools/approaches that appear most promising for guiding future pharmaceutical development.
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Dougherty JM, Jiménez M, Hanson PR. Synthesis of cyclic sulfamoyl carbamates and ureas via ring-closing metathesis. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.03.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Srivastava S, Goswami LN, Dikshit DK. Progress in the design of low molecular weight thrombin inhibitors. Med Res Rev 2005; 25:66-92. [PMID: 15389730 DOI: 10.1002/med.20016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Intravascular thrombosis and its complication, embolism, is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Past few decades have seen a great deal of progress in the development of antithrombotic agents, though the current treatment options are limited to heparin, LMW heparins, and warfarin. Detailed understanding of the biochemical and biophysical mechanisms of activation and regulation of blood coagulation have helped in developing specific inhibitors of enzymes, especially thrombin, within the coagulation cascade. Thrombin plays a central role in the coagulation cascade and so has become the primary target for the development of antithrombotic drugs. The review covers the main pharmacological aspects of haemostasis and thrombosis and provides an update on low molecular weight thrombin inhibitors along with the limitations of the prevalent antithrombotic agents. Recent developments in small molecule inhibitors of Protease Activated Receptor-1 (PAR-1) which can be helpful for the treatment of thrombotic and vascular proliferative disorders, have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuti Srivastava
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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Gong YD, Seo JS, Chon YS, Hwang JY, Park JY, Yoo SE. Construction of 6-amino-2,2-dimethyl-3,4,6-trisubstituted-2H-1-benzopyran library by solid phase synthesis. JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY 2003; 5:577-89. [PMID: 12959558 DOI: 10.1021/cc030014b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report the solid-phase library construction of 2000 analogues of 6-amino-2,2-dimethyl-3,4,6-trisubstituted-2H-1-benzopyran. The polymer-bound hydroxyalkoxychromanes 5, produced by nucleophilic reactions with various alcohols on epoxides generated in situ, served as key intermediates for subsequent diversification. Further reactions on these hydroxyalkoxychromanes 5 with various electrophiles, such as alkyl halides and acid halides, produced the desired 6-amino-2,2-dimethyl-3,4,6-trisubstituted-2H-1-benzopyran analogues 9, 10, and 11. The progress of reactions could be monitored as solid-bound intermediates by ATR-FTIR or HR-MAS-NMR spectroscopy. The final compounds, obtained in good yields and high purity upon cleavage from the resins, were characterized by LC/MS, HRMS, (1)H NMR, and (13)C NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Dae Gong
- Medicinal Science Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 107, Yusung, Taejon 305-600, Korea
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9
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Hanessian S, Sailes H, Therrien E. Synthesis of functionally diverse bicyclic sulfonamides as constrained proline analogues and application to the design of potential thrombin inhibitors. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(03)00919-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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10
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Solid-Phase Synthesis of Benzopyran Building Blocks via Highly Efficient Hydroxy-Alkoxylation. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2002. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2002.23.11.1658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Hobbs DW, Guo T. Library design concepts and implementation strategies. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2001; 21:311-56. [PMID: 11789688 DOI: 10.1081/rrs-100107922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D W Hobbs
- Pharmacopeia, Inc, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
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Floyd CD, Leblanc C, Whittaker M. Combinatorial chemistry as a tool for drug discovery. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2000; 36:91-168. [PMID: 10818672 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(08)70046-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The question 'will combinatorial chemistry deliver real medicines' has been posed [96]. First it is important to realise that the chemical part of the drug discovery process cannot stand alone; the integration of synthesis and biological assays is fundamental to the combinatorial approach. The results presented in Tables 3.1 to 3.8 suggest that so far smaller directed combinatorial libraries have obtained equivalent results to those obtained previously from traditional medicinal chemistry analogue programs. Unfortunately, because of the long time it takes to develop pharmaceutical drugs there are no examples yet of marketed drugs discovered by combinatorial methods. There are interesting examples where active leads have been discovered from the screening of the same library against multiple targets (e.g. libraries 13, 39, 43, 66, 71 and 76). It is now possible to handle much larger libraries of non-oligomeric structures and the chemistry required for such applications is becoming available. Whether combinatorial approaches can also be adapted to deal with all the other requirements of a successful pharmaceutical (lack of toxicity, bioavailability etc.) is open to question but there are already examples such as cassette dosing [235-237]. However we can still be optimistic about the possibility of larger libraries producing avenues of investigation for the medicinal chemist to develop into real drugs. Combinatorial chemistry is an important tool for the medicinal chemist.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Floyd
- British Biotech Pharmaceuticals Limited, Oxford, U.K
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Chen BC, Skoumbourdis AP, Guo P, Bednarz MS, Kocy OR, Sundeen JE, Vite GD. A Facile Method for the Transformation of N-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl) α-Amino Acids to N-Unprotected α-Amino Methyl Esters. J Org Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jo990311w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bang-Chi Chen
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - Amanda P. Skoumbourdis
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - Peng Guo
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - Mark S. Bednarz
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - Octavian R. Kocy
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - Joseph E. Sundeen
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - Gregory D. Vite
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
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Rewinkel JB, Lucas H, Smit MJ, Noach AB, van Dinther TG, Rood AM, Jenneboer AJ, van Boeckel CA. Design, synthesis and testing of amino-bicycloaryl based orally bioavailable thrombin inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999; 9:2837-42. [PMID: 10522702 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00483-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Replacement of the highly basic benzamidine moiety with moderate basic amino-bicycloaryl moieties in a series of thrombin inhibitors related to NAPAMP provided potent enzyme inhibition and significant improvements in membrane transport and oral bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Rewinkel
- NV Organon, Research and Development, Oss, The Netherlands
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Hanson PR, Probst DA, Robinson RE, Yau M. Cyclic sulfonamides via the ring-closing metathesis reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(99)00878-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Abstract
A series of novel arylsulfonylpropargylglycinamide derivatives was investigated as thrombin inhibitors in which the SAR was focused on substituents at the acetylenic terminus. Several compounds in this series were identified as potent thrombin inhibitors (Ki up to 5 nM) that are highly selective over trypsin and other serine proteases as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lee
- Biotech Research Institute, LG Chemical Ltd/Research Park, Yu Sung Science Town, Taejon, Korea
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18
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Abstract
Thrombin and factor Xa (fXa) are the only serine proteases for which small, potent, selective, noncovalent inhibitors have been developed, which are ultimately intended as drug development candidates (in this case as anticoagulants). Noncovalent inhibitors may be more selective and chemically and metabolically less reactive than covalent inhibitors. In addition, noncovalent inhibitors are more likely to have fast-binding kinetics which is particularly important in the development of thrombin inhibitors. TAME derived noncovalent thrombin inhibitors argatroban, napsagatran, and UK 156,406 have entered clinical trials as anticoagulants, the latter as an orally active agent. Serine trap deletion from substrate-like peptides led to the development of inogatran and melagatran, both of which have entered clinical trials as intravenous agents. The use of 3-aminopyridinone and pyrazinone acetamide peptidomimetic templates has resulted in the development of L-375,378 which has been chosen for clinical development as an orally active anticoagulant. Recently, compounds which do not have the conventional hydrogen bonding capabilities of peptides have begun to appear in the thrombin literature. Publications on noncovalent fXa inhibitors cover this type of peptidomimetic almost exclusively.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Sanderson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA
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Hauptmann J, Stürzebecher J. Synthetic inhibitors of thrombin and factor Xa: from bench to bedside. Thromb Res 1999; 93:203-41. [PMID: 10074907 DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(98)00192-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Hauptmann
- Centre for Vascular Biology and Medicine, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Erfurt, Germany
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Chapter 9. Anticoagulants: Thrombin and Factor Xa Inhibitors. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(08)60571-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Chapter 27. Application of Combinatorial and Parallel Synthesis to Medicinal Chemistry. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(08)60589-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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Lee K, Jung WH, Park CW, Hong CY, Kim IC, Kim S, Oh YS, Kwon OH, Lee SH, Park HD, Kim SW, Lee YH, Yoo YJ. Benzylamine-based selective and orally bioavailable inhibitors of thrombin. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1998; 8:2563-8. [PMID: 9873581 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(98)00456-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of p-aminomethylphenylalanine derivatives were investigated as novel thrombin inhibitors. This study led to potent inhibitors of thrombin (Ki up to 3.3 nM) that are trypsin-selective, highly orally bioavailable in rats, and highly permeable across Caco-2 cells. The P1 benzylamine binding mode in the thrombin active site was identified by X-ray crystallographic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lee
- Biotech Research Institute, LG Chemical Ltd./Research Park, Taejon, Korea
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