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Muratov AV, Eresko AB, Tolkunov VS, Tolkunov SV. 1-Substituted 5,10-Dihydro[1,2]diazepino[4,5-b]indol-4(3H)-ones. Synthesis and Functionalization. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428019030126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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2
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Muratov AV, Grebenyuk SA, Eresko AB. Synthesis of 1,2-Diazepines by the Bischler–Napieralski Reaction. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428018060064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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3
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Földesi T, Dancsó A, Slégel P, Volk B, Milen M. Synthesis of new tricyclic imidazotriazepine derivatives condensed with various heterocycles. Mol Divers 2017; 21:903-914. [PMID: 28726025 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-017-9765-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Previously synthesized 9-aryl-5H-imidazo[2,1-d][1,2,5]triazepin-6(7H)-ones have been used as starting materials for the synthesis of three new tricyclic ring systems, where an imidazotriazepine is condensed with an imidazole, triazole or tetrazole ring. These novel compounds could be potential drug candidates for central nervous system diseases because of their closely related structure to known tricyclic derivatives with anticonvulsant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Földesi
- Egis Pharmaceuticals Plc., Directorate of Drug Substance Development, P.O. Box 100, Budapest, 1475, Hungary.
| | - András Dancsó
- Egis Pharmaceuticals Plc., Directorate of Drug Substance Development, P.O. Box 100, Budapest, 1475, Hungary
| | - Péter Slégel
- Egis Pharmaceuticals Plc., Directorate of Drug Substance Development, P.O. Box 100, Budapest, 1475, Hungary
| | - Balázs Volk
- Egis Pharmaceuticals Plc., Directorate of Drug Substance Development, P.O. Box 100, Budapest, 1475, Hungary
| | - Mátyás Milen
- Egis Pharmaceuticals Plc., Directorate of Drug Substance Development, P.O. Box 100, Budapest, 1475, Hungary
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Tolkunov AS, Mazepa AV, Palamarchuk GV, Shishkin OV, Sujkov SY, Bogza SL. Pictet–Spengler reaction in the synthesis of condensed benzodiazepines: synthesis of 11-hetaryl derivatives of 11,12-dihydroquinazolino[3,2-c][2,3]benzodiazepin-14(6H)-ones. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-016-1861-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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5
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Földesi T, Dancsó A, Volk B, Milen M. Study on the cycloaddition reactions of pyrrolotriazepine derivatives with nitrile oxides. Synthesis of new fused tricyclic ring systems. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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6
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Földesi T, Dancsó A, Simig G, Volk B, Milen M. Efficient synthesis of a new compound family, 9-aryl-5 H -imidazo[2,1- d ][1,2,5]triazepin-6(7 H )-ones. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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7
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Wang C, Wu A, Shen YC, Ettari R, Grasso S, Niu L. Mechanism and site of inhibition of AMPA receptors: substitution of one and two methyl groups at the 4-aminophenyl ring of 2,3-benzodiazepine and implications in the "E" site. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:1371-8. [PMID: 25967651 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
2,3-Benzodiazepines are a well-known group of compounds for their potential antagonism against AMPA receptors. It has been previously reported that the inhibitory effect of 2,3-benzodiazepine derivatives with a 7,8-ethylenedioxy moiety can be enhanced by simply adding a chlorine atom at position 3 of the 4-aminophenyl ring. Here we report that adding a methyl group at position 3 on the 4-aminophenyl ring, termed as BDZ-11-7, can similarly enhance the inhibitory activity, as compared with the unsubstituted one or BDZ-11-2. Our kinetic studies have shown that BDZ-11-7 is a noncompetitive antagonist of GluA2Q homomeric receptors and prefers to inhibit the closed-channel state. However, adding another methyl group at position 5 on the 4-aminophenyl ring, termed as BDZ-11-6, fails to yield extra inhibition on GluA2Q receptors. Instead, BDZ-11-6 exhibits a diminished inhibition of GluA2Q. Site interaction test indicates the two compounds, BDZ-11-6 and BDZ-11-7, bind to the same site on GluA2Q, which is also the binding site for their prototype, BDZ-11-2. Based on the results from this and our earlier studies, we propose that the binding site that accommodates the 4-aminophenyl ring must contain two interactive points, with one preferring polar groups like chlorine and the other preferring nonpolar groups such as a methyl group. Either adding a chlorine or a methyl group may enhance the inhibitory activity of 2,3-benzodiazepine derivatives with a 7,8-ethylenedioxy moiety. Adding any two of the same group on positions 3 and 5 of the 4-aminophenyl ring, however, significantly reduces the interaction between these 2,3-benzodiazepines and their binding site, because one group is always repelled by one interactive point. We predict therefore that adding a chlorine atom at position 3 and a methyl group at position 5 of the 4-aminophenyl ring of 2,3-benzodiazepine derivatives with a 7,8-ethylenedioxy moiety may produce a new compound that is more potent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congzhou Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Neuroscience Research, University at Albany, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Andrew Wu
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Neuroscience Research, University at Albany, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Yu-Chuan Shen
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Neuroscience Research, University at Albany, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Roberta Ettari
- Department
of Drug Sciences and Products for Health, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Silvana Grasso
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Messina, Via F. Stagno D’Alcontres
31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Li Niu
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Neuroscience Research, University at Albany, Albany, New York 12222, United States
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8
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9
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Wang C, Niu L. Mechanism of inhibition of the GluA2 AMPA receptor channel opening by talampanel and its enantiomer: the stereochemistry of the 4-methyl group on the diazepine ring of 2,3-benzodiazepine derivatives. ACS Chem Neurosci 2013; 4:635-44. [PMID: 23402301 DOI: 10.1021/cn3002398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Stereoselectivity of 2,3-benzodiazepine compounds provides a unique way for the design of stereoisomers as more selective and more potent inhibitors as drug candidates for treatment of the neurological diseases involving excessive activity of AMPA receptors. Here we investigate a pair of enantiomers known as Talampanel and its (+) counterpart about their mechanism of inhibition and selectivity toward four AMPA receptor subunits or GluA1-4. We show that Talampanel is the eutomer with the endismic ratio being 14 for the closed-channel and 10 for the open-channel state of GluA2. Kinetic evidence supports that Talampanel is a noncompetitive inhibitor and it binds to the same site for those 2,3-benzodiazepine compounds with the C-4 methyl group on the diazepine ring. This site, which we term as the "M" site, recognizes preferentially those 2,3-benzodiazepine compounds with the C-4 methyl group being in the R configuration, as in the chemical structure of Talampanel. Given that Talampanel inhibits GluA1 and GluA2, but is virtually ineffective on the GluA3 and GluA4 AMPA receptor subunits, we hypothesize that the "M" site(s) on GluA1 and GluA2 to which Talampanel binds is different from that on GluA3 and GluA4. If the molecular properties of the AMPA receptors and Talampanel are used for selecting an inhibitor as a single drug candidate for controlling the activity of all AMPA receptors in vivo, Talampanel is not ideal. Our results further suggest that addition of longer acyl groups to the N-3 position should produce more potent 2,3-benzodiazepine inhibitors for the "M" site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congzhou Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Neuroscience Research, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, New York 12222,
United States
| | - Li Niu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Neuroscience Research, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, New York 12222,
United States
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Nayak P, Zhang H, Kerr D. Determination of 1-(4′-aminophenyl)-4-methyl-7,8-methylene-dioxy-2,3-benzodiazepine by high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection in plasma and brain in healthy and hypoxic–ischaemic rats. Neuroscience 2013; 232:139-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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11
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Nayak PK, Kerr DS. Low-dose GYKI-52466: prophylactic preconditioning confers long-term neuroprotection and functional recovery following hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury. Neuroscience 2012; 232:128-38. [PMID: 23246617 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Experimental preconditioning provides beneficial outcomes in conditions such as cardiac surgery, brain surgery and stroke. Here we evaluated the protective effects of low-dose subcutaneous GYKI-52466 preconditioning in a rat model of hypoxic-ischaemic (HI) brain injury. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (postnatal day 26) were administered saline or GYKI-52466 (GYKI; 3-mg/kg, 90 min; 1-mg/kg, twice in 120 min; or 0.5-mg/kg, thrice in 180 min) prior to left common carotid artery occlusion. Animals were allowed to recover for 2h, and then placed in a hypoxia chamber (8% O₂/92% N₂; 33 ± 1°C) for 1h. A sham surgery group received saline without HI. Seizure activity was scored during hypoxia and sensorimotor tests performed before surgery and at 1, 7, 14 and 90 days post-HI. On days 14 and 90 brains were fixed and sectioned for the assessment of infarct size and ventricular enlargement. Low-dose GYKI-52466 preconditioning significantly reduced infarct volume and ventricular enlargement relative to saline-treated controls at day 14 after HI. On day 90, tissue loss was significantly reduced by GYKI 3-mg/kg compared to saline. Foot-faults, paw use asymmetry, and postural reflex scores were significantly improved in all GYKI treatment groups. Our results show that GYKI-52466 is effective at doses well-below, and at pre-administration intervals well-beyond previous studies, and suggest that a classical blockade of ionotropic AMPA receptors does not underlie its neuroprotective effects. Low-dose GYKI-52466 preconditioning represents a novel, prophylactic strategy for neuroprotection in a field almost devoid of effective pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Nayak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago School of Medical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - D S Kerr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago School of Medical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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Mattes H, Carcache D, Kalkman HO, Koller M. alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) antagonists: from bench to bedside. J Med Chem 2010; 53:5367-82. [PMID: 20356304 DOI: 10.1021/jm901688m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henri Mattes
- Novartis Pharma AG, Werk Klybeck, WKL-122-241 Postfach, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland.
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13
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Goulton CS, Patten AR, Kerr JR, Kerr DS. Pharmacological Preconditioning with GYKI 52466: A Prophylactic Approach to Neuroprotection. Front Neurosci 2010; 4. [PMID: 20953290 PMCID: PMC2955399 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2010.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Some toxins and drugs can trigger lasting neuroprotective mechanisms that enable neurons to resist a subsequent severe insult. This “pharmacological preconditioning” has far-reaching implications for conditions in which blood flow to the brain is interrupted. We have previously shown that in vitro preconditioning with the AMPA receptor antagonist GYKI 52466 induces tolerance to kainic acid (KA) toxicity in hippocampus. This effect persists well after washout of the drug and may be mediated via inverse agonism of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Given the amplifying nature of metabotropic modulation, we hypothesized that GYKI 52466 may be effective in reducing seizure severity at doses well below those normally associated with adverse side effects. Here we report that pharmacological preconditioning with low-dose GYKI imparts a significant protection against KA-induced seizures in vivo. GYKI (3 mg/kg, s.c.), 90–180 min prior to high-dose KA, markedly reduced seizure scores, virtually abolished all level 3 and level 4 seizures, and completely suppressed KA-induced hippocampal c-FOS expression. In addition, preconditioned animals exhibited significant reductions in high frequency/high amplitude spiking and ECoG power in the delta, theta, alpha, and beta bands during KA. Adverse behaviors often associated with higher doses of GYKI were not evident during preconditioning. The fact that GYKI is effective at doses well-below, and at pre-administration intervals well-beyond previous studies, suggests that a classical blockade of ionotropic AMPA receptors does not underlie anticonvulsant effects. Low-dose GYKI preconditioning may represent a novel, prophylactic strategy for neuroprotection in a field almost completely devoid of effective pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea S Goulton
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago Dunedin, New Zealand
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Chimirri A, De Luca L, Ferro S, De Sarro G, Ciranna L, Gitto R. Combined Strategies for the Discovery of Ionotropic Glutamate Receptor Antagonists. ChemMedChem 2009; 4:917-22. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200900109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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15
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Elger B, Schneider M, Winter E, Carvelli L, Bonomi M, Fracasso C, Guiso G, Colovic M, Caccia S, Mennini T. Optimized synthesis of AMPA receptor antagonist ZK 187638 and neurobehavioral activity in a mouse model of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. ChemMedChem 2007; 1:1142-8. [PMID: 16972289 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200600144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous structure-activity relationship studies in the search for a potent, noncompetitive alpha-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolyl)propionic acid (AMPA) receptor antagonist led to 2,3-dimethyl-6-phenyl-12H-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-h]imidazo[1,2-c][2,3]benzodiazepine (ZK 187638). However, the first synthesis had some drawbacks regarding reagents, processes, and overall yield, which furthermore decreased when the synthesis was scaled up. Therefore, we now report a new synthetic route for this compound which requires fewer steps and is suited for large-scale production. This compound significantly relieved the symptoms of neuromuscular deficit in mnd mice, a model of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis with motor neuron dysfunction. After oral administration, the concentrations of the compound in the brain and spinal cord were about threefold higher than those in the plasma. In summary, this novel AMPA antagonist is accessible through an optimized synthetic route, has good neurobehavioral activity, oral bioavailability, and favorable brain penetration. This opens new possibilities for the treatment of devastating neurological diseases that are mediated by the AMPA receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Elger
- Schering AG, Muellerstrasse 178, Berlin, Germany.
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16
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Calabrò ML, Raneri D, Ficarra P, Ferreri G, De Sarro G, Bruno G, Zappalà M, Micale N, Grasso S. Enantioseparation, absolute configuration determination, and anticonvulsant activity of (+/-)-1-(4-aminophenyl)-7,8-methylenedioxy-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4H-2,3-benzodiazepin-4-one. Chirality 2006; 19:16-21. [PMID: 17089335 DOI: 10.1002/chir.20333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The resolution of 1-(4-aminophenyl)-7,8-methylenedioxy-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4H-benzodiazepin-4-one (+/-)-(R,S)-2 was accomplished by chiral HPLC. The absolute configuration of (+)-2, determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis, was R. The in vivo anticonvulsant activity of the enantiomers (+)-(R)-2 and (-)-(S)-2 is reported. It has been also demonstrated that compound (+/-)-(R,S)-2 in vivo undergoes oxidative metabolism to derivative 1.
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Zappalà M, Pellicanò A, Micale N, Menniti FS, Ferreri G, De Sarro G, Grasso S, De Micheli C. New 7,8-ethylenedioxy-2,3-benzodiazepines as noncompetitive AMPA receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:167-70. [PMID: 16216501 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2005] [Revised: 09/09/2005] [Accepted: 09/12/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of 1-aryl-3,5-dihydro-7,8-ethylenedioxy-4H-2,3-benzodiazepin-4-ones 2a-f, were synthesized and screened as anticonvulsant agents in DBA/2 mice against sound-induced seizures. The new compounds display anticonvulsant properties although the ED(50) values are higher than those of prototypes 1-aryl-3,5-dihydro-7,8-methylenedioxy-4H-2,3-benzodiazepin-4-ones (1) and GYKI 52466, well-known noncompetitive AMPA receptor antagonists. Functional tests were performed to evaluate the antagonistic activity at the AMPA and kainate receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Zappalà
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata 98168, Messina, Italy
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18
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Zappalà M, Postorino G, Micale N, Caccamese S, Parrinello N, Grazioso G, Roda G, Menniti FS, De Sarro G, Grasso S. Synthesis, Chiral Resolution, and Enantiopharmacology of a Potent 2,3-Benzodiazepine Derivative as Noncompetitive AMPA Receptor Antagonist. J Med Chem 2005; 49:575-81. [PMID: 16420043 DOI: 10.1021/jm050552y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the synthesis of racemic 3,5-dihydro-5-methyl-7,8-methylenedioxy-4H-2,3-benzodiazepin-4-one (+/-)-5, attempted stereoselective synthesis of its enantiomers, chiral HPLC resolution of the racemate, and assignment of the absolute configuration. Enantiomer (5S)-(-)-5 is provided with an in vivo anticonvulsant activity 8 times higher than its enantiomer (5R)-(+)-5. This result is confirmed in the in vitro test by the ability to inhibit the kainate-induced increase of the [Ca(2+)](i) in a primary culture of rat cerebellar granule cells which express alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptors. Binding affinity of compound (+/-)-5 at the AMPA and N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors was also evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Zappalà
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
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19
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Micale N, Zappalà M, Zuccalà G, Menniti FS, Ferreri G, De Sarro G, Grasso S. Synthesis of 2-semicarbazonomethyl-4,5-methylenedioxyphenylacetic acids as anticonvulsant agents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 60:231-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.farmac.2004.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2004] [Revised: 11/25/2004] [Accepted: 11/27/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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21
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Micale N, De Sarro G, Ferreri G, Zappalá M, Grasso S, Puia G, De Micheli C. Design of 1-substituted 2-arylmethyl-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene derivatives as antiseizure agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12:3703-9. [PMID: 15186856 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2003] [Accepted: 04/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of 1-substituted 2-[(4-aryl)-methyl]-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene derivatives (13-25), structurally related to model compound 5 (2-[(4-aminophenyl)-(4-methylsemicarbazono)-methyl]-4,5-methylenedioxyphenylacetic acid methyl ester), were synthesized and tested as anticonvulsant agents in DBA/2 mice against sound-induced seizures. The new compounds possess anticonvulsant properties lower than those of prototype 5 but, in some instances, comparable to that of GYKI 52466, a well-known noncompetitive AMPA receptor antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Micale
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Universitá di Messina, Viale Annunziata 98168, Messina, Italy
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22
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Zappalà M, Grasso S, Micale N, Zuccalà G, Menniti FS, Ferreri G, De Sarro G, De Micheli C. 1-Aryl-6,7-methylenedioxy-3 H -quinazolin-4-ones as anticonvulsant agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:4427-30. [PMID: 14643339 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2003.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A set of novel 1-aryl-6,7-methylenedioxy-3H-quinazolin-4-(thi)ones (3a-f) has been designed and screened as anticonvulsant agents in DBA/2 mice. The new compounds are provided with anticonvulsant properties comparable to those of GYKI 52466. To clarify the mode of action, their affinity for the quinazolinone/2,3-benzodiazepine site of the AMPA receptor complex has been assayed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Zappalà
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Messina, viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
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23
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Gitto R, Orlando V, Quartarone S, De Sarro G, De Sarro A, Russo E, Ferreri G, Chimirri A. Synthesis and evaluation of pharmacological properties of novel annelated 2,3-benzodiazepine derivatives. J Med Chem 2003; 46:3758-61. [PMID: 12904081 DOI: 10.1021/jm030821p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
New cyclofunctionalized 2,3-benzodiazepines characterized by a triazolone or triazindione ring fused on the "c" edge of the heptatomic nucleus have been prepared. These compounds were evaluated as potential anticonvulsant agents, and some of them proved to be more potent noncompetitive 2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazol-4-yl)propionate (AMPA) receptor antagonists. In particular, 8,9-dimethoxy-6-(4-bromophenyl)-11H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,5-c][2,3]benzodiazepin-3(2H)-one (5b) was almost 10-fold more active than GYKI-52466 and 3.5-fold more active than Talampanel. Furthermore, 5b potently reduced AMPA-evoked currents in electrophysiological experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Gitto
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
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Grasso S, Micale N, Zappalà M, Galli A, Costagli C, Menniti FS, De Micheli C. Characterization of the mechanism of anticonvulsant activity for a selected set of putative AMPA receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:443-6. [PMID: 12565947 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00955-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A selected set of 1-aryl-7,8-methylenedioxy-2,3-benzodiazepin-4-ones and their analogues were evaluated for their ability to bind the competitive and noncompetitive sites of the AMPA receptors complex as well as to the glycine site of the NMDA receptors. The results put in evidence that most of the test compounds, despite a close structural similarity with GYKI 52466, possess a significantly different pharmacological profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Grasso
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Messina, viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
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Micale N, Zappalà M, Grasso S, Puja G, De Sarro G, Ferreri G, De Sarro A, Toma L, De Micheli C. Novel potent AMPA/kainate receptor antagonists: synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of a series of 2-[(4-alkylsemicarbazono)-(4-amino-phenyl)methyl]-4,5-methylenedioxyphenylacetic acid alkyl esters. J Med Chem 2002; 45:4433-42. [PMID: 12238923 DOI: 10.1021/jm020863y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we describe the synthesis of a series of novel 2-[(4-alkylsemicarbazono)-(4-aminophenyl)-methyl]-4,5-methylenedioxyphenylacetic acid alkyl esters (10-19) carrying an alkylsemicarbazono moiety at a benzylic site. The influence of this group on the biological activity was evaluated by testing the corresponding derivatives 20-22 in which the 4-alkylsemicarbazono moiety was removed (compound 20) or its alkylureido portion shifted at position 1 (compounds 21-22). Furthermore, the involvement of the 4-aminobenzyl moiety in the anticonvulsant activity was evaluated by testing derivative 23. The anticonvulsant activity of all compounds was assayed against audiogenic seizures induced in DBA/2 mice. Within this series of derivatives, 2-[(4-aminophenyl)-(4-methylsemicarbazono)-methyl]-4,5-methylenedioxyphenylacetic acid methyl ester (10) proved to be the most active compound. It displayed a potency 5-fold higher than that shown by 1-(4-aminophenyl)-4-methyl-7,8-methylenedioxy-5H-2,3-benzodiazepine (1, GYKI 52466), a well-known noncompetitive 2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid (AMPA) receptor antagonist. Compound 10 was also effective in suppressing seizures induced in Swiss mice by maximal electroshock (MES) or pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). Furthermore, it antagonized in vivo seizures induced by icv administration of AMPA or kainate (KA). Using the patch-clamp technique in primary cultures of granule neurons we tested compounds 10 and 21 for their ability to modulate currents evoked by KA and 2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-tert-butylisoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid (ATPA). These two derivatives reduced KA and ATPA currents to a larger extent than that shown by reference compound 1. Compounds 10 and 21 were also able to reduce neuronal cell death induced by the application of KA (100 microM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Micale
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Messina, Italy
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26
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Grasso S, De Sarro G, De Sarro A, Micale N, Polimeni S, Zappalà M, Puia G, Baraldi M, De Micheli C. Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of novel and potent 1-aryl-7,8-methylenedioxy-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4H-2,3-benzodiazepin-4-ones. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:463-6. [PMID: 11229748 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00693-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of 1-aryl-7,8-methylenedioxy-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4H-2,3-benzodiazepin-4-(thi)ones (4a-d) and their 3-N-alkylcarbamoyl derivatives (4e-h) are reported. The new compounds possess marked anticonvulsant properties, comparable to those of the dehydro analogues 3 and higher than that of GYKI 52466 (1). Noteworthy, compound 4c shows a longer-lasting anticonvulsant activity. Electrophysiological experiments show that derivative 4c is less effective than 1 and 3c to reduce the KA-evoked currents in cerebellar granule neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Grasso
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Messina, Italy.
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27
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Zappalà M, Gitto R, Bevacqua F, Quartarone S, Chimirri A, Rizzo M, De Sarro G, De Sarro A. Synthesis and evaluation of pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties of 11H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,5-c][2,3]benzodiazepin-3(2H)-ones. J Med Chem 2000; 43:4834-9. [PMID: 11123993 DOI: 10.1021/jm001012y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of 2,3-benzodiazepine derivatives has been previously described as noncompetitive AMPA-type glutamate receptor antagonists potentially useful for treatment of epilepsy. To further explore the structure-activity relationships of AMPA antagonists, a series of 11H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,5-c][2,3]benzodiazepin-3(2H)-ones (6) was synthesized starting from the corresponding bicyclic 1-aryl-3, 5-dihydro-7,8-dimethoxy-4H-2,3-benzodiazepin-4-ones (2, CFM). The new compounds were found to possess anticonvulsant effects against seizures induced both by means of auditory stimulation in DBA/2 mice and by pentylenetetrazole or maximal electroshock in Swiss mice. In addition, they antagonize the AMPA-induced seizures, and their anticonvulsant activity is reversed by pretreatment with aniracetam, thus suggesting the involvement of AMPA receptors. The pharmacological studies revealed that the 11H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4, 5-c][2,3]benzodiazepin-3(2H)-ones (6) herein reported show anticonvulsant activity comparable to that of their bicyclic precursors. Furthermore, an HPLC study put in evidence that these tricyclic derivatives 6 were converted in vivo into the corresponding 2, the agents likely to be mainly responsible for the anticonvulsant properties observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zappalà
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico and Istituto di Farmacologia, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
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Abrahám G, Sólyom S, Csuzdi E, Berzsenyi P, Ling I, Tarnawa I, Hámori T, Pallagi I, Horváth K, Andrási F, Kapus G, Hársing LG, Király I, Patthy M, Horváth G. New non competitive AMPA antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2000; 8:2127-43. [PMID: 11003158 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(00)00133-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
New halogen atom substituted 2,3-benzodiazepine derivatives condensed with an azole ring on the seven membered part of the ring system of type 3 and 4 as well as 5 and 6 were synthesized. It was found that chloro-, dichloro- and bromo-substitutions in the benzene ring and additionally imidazole ring condensation on the diazepine ring can successfully substitute the methylenedioxy group in the well known molecules GYKI 52466 (1) and GYKI 53773 (2) and the 3-acetyl-4-methyl structural feature in 2, respectively, preserving the highly active AMPA antagonist characteristic of the original molecules. From the most active compounds (3b,i) 3b (GYKI 47261) was chosen for detailed investigations. 3b revealed an excellent, broad spectrum anticonvulsant activity against seizures evoked by electroshock and different chemoconvulsive agents indicating a possible antiepileptic efficacy. 3b was found to be highly active in a transient model of focal ischemia predictive of a therapeutic value in human stroke. 3b also reversed the dopamine depleting effect of MPTP and antagonized the oxotremorine induced tremor in mice indicating a potential antiparkinson activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Abrahám
- Institute for Drug Research, Ltd, Budapest, Hungary
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Grasso S, De Sarro G, De Sarro A, Micale N, Zappalà M, Puja G, Baraldi M, De Micheli C. Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of novel and potent 6,7-methylenedioxyphthalazin-1(2H)-ones. J Med Chem 2000; 43:2851-9. [PMID: 10956193 DOI: 10.1021/jm001002x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we describe the synthesis of a series of novel substituted 4-aryl-6,7-methylenedioxyphthalazin-1(2H)-ones. The anticonvulsant activity of these compounds against audiogenic seizures was evaluated in DBA/2 mice after intraperitoneal (ip) injection. Most of these derivatives are more active than 1-(4-aminophenyl)-4-methyl-7,8-methylenedioxy-5H-2,3-benzodiazepine (1, GYKI 52466), a well-known noncompetitive AMPA receptor antagonist. As deduced by the rotarod test, all the compounds exhibit a toxicity lower than that of 1. Within the series of derivatives submitted to investigation, 4-(4-aminophenyl)-2-butylcarbamoyl-6,7-methylenedioxyphthalazin -1(2H)-one (21) proved to be the most active compound and is 11-fold more potent than 1 (i.e., ED50 3.25 micromol/kg for 21 versus ED50 35.8 micromol/kg for 1). When compared to 1, compound 21 as well as its analogue 4-(4-aminophenyl)-6,7-methylenedioxyphthalazin-1(2H)-one (16) show a longer lasting anticonvulsant activity. Compound 21 also effectively suppresses seizures induced in Swiss mice by maximal electroshock (MES) and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). Furthermore, it antagonizes in vivo seizures induced by 2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid (AMPA), 2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-tert-butyl-isoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid (ATPA), and kainate (KA), and its anticonvulsant activity is reversed by pretreatment with aniracetam. Using the patch-clamp technique, the capability of derivatives 16 and 21 to antagonize KA-evoked currents in primary cultures of granule neurons was tested. They behaved as antagonists, but they proved to be less effective than 1 and 1-(4-aminophenyl)-3,4-dihydro-4-methyl-3-N-methylcarbamoyl-7,8-met hylenedioxy-5H-2,3-benzodiazepine (2, GYKI 53655) to reduce the KA-evoked currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Grasso
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico and Istituto di Farmacologia, Università di Messina, Italy.
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Hámori T, Sólyom S, Berzsenyi P, Andrási F, Tarnawa I. Structural analogues of some highly active non-competitive AMPA antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:899-902. [PMID: 10853655 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00117-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Some 5-methyl analogues (14a-e) of the non-competitive AMPA antagonists 3-acylated 1-(4-aminophenyl)-4-methyl-7,8-methylenedioxy-4,5-dihydro-3H-2,3-benzodi azepines (2,3) have been synthesized. Generally they show diminished or low biological activity but two derivatives (14a,b) reveal effects comparable to those of GYKI 52466 (1), the prototype non competitive AMPA antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hámori
- Institute for Drug Research, Ltd, Budapest, Hungary
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Stájer G, Csende F. 4- and 5-Oxocarboxylic Acids as Versatile Synthons for the Preparation of Heterocycles. HETEROCYCLES 2000. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-00-529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Grasso S, De Sarro G, De Sarro A, Micale N, Zappalà M, Puia G, Baraldi M, De Micheli C. Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of novel and potent 2,3-benzodiazepine AMPA/kainate receptor antagonists. J Med Chem 1999; 42:4414-21. [PMID: 10543885 DOI: 10.1021/jm991086d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that 1-aryl-3,5-dihydro-7, 8-methylenedioxy-4H-2,3-benzodiazepin-4-ones (3) possess marked anticonvulsant properties and antagonize seizures induced by 2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid (AMPA) in analogy to the structurally related 1-(4-aminophenyl)-4-methyl-7, 8-methylenedioxy-5H-2,3-benzodiazepine (1, GYKI 52466), a well-known noncompetitive AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist. We now report the synthesis of 3-(N-alkylcarbamoyl)-1-aryl-3,5-dihydro-7, 8-methylenedioxy-4H-2,3-benzodiazepin-4-ones (4a-h) and 1-aryl-3, 5-dihydro-7,8-methylenedioxy-4H-2,3-benzodiazepine-4-thiones (5a-c). The activity of all compounds, intraperitoneally (ip) injected, was evaluated against audiogenic seizures in DBA/2 mice and against seizures induced by maximal electroshock (MES) and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in Swiss mice. Some of the new compounds 4 and 5 showed remarkable anticonvulsant activity, and their toxicity, as evidenced by the rotarod test, is lower than that of 1. The time course of anticonvulsant activity of derivatives 4b and 5b,c was studied and compared to that of 1 and 3b,c. Compounds 4a,b and 5a-c antagonize seizures induced by AMPA and kainate (KA) and their anticonvulsant activity is reversed by pretreatment with aniracetam. Using the patch-clamp technique, the capability of derivatives 3c, 4b, and 5c to antagonize KA-evoked currents in primary cultures of granule neurons was tested and compared with that of the parent compounds 1 and 1-(4-aminophenyl)-3, 4-dihydro-4-methyl-3-methylcarbamoyl-7,8-methylenedioxy-5H-2, 3-benzodiazepine (2, GYKI 53655).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Grasso
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico and Istituto di Farmacologia, Università di Messina, Italy.
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De Sarro A, De Sarro G, Gitto R, Grasso S, Micale N, Zappalà M. Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of new 2,3-benzodiazepines as AMPA receptor antagonists. FARMACO (SOCIETA CHIMICA ITALIANA : 1989) 1999; 54:178-87. [PMID: 10371031 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-827x(99)00022-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Novel 1-aryl-3,5-dihydro-7,8-methylenedioxy-4H-2,3-benzodiazepine-4-ones (12a-j) were prepared and their anticonvulsant effects were evaluated by using various models of experimental epilepsy. The seizures were evoked both by means of auditory stimulation in DBA/2 mice and by pentylenetetrazole or maximal electroshock in Swiss mice. Some of these compounds possess marked anticonvulsant properties in all tests employed. Compounds 12 antagonise seizures induced by AMPA in analogy to the structurally-related 1-(4'-aminophenyl)-4-methyl-7,8-methylenedioxy-5H-2,3- benzodiazepine (1) (GYKI 52466), a well-known non-competitive AMPA-receptor antagonist. On the other hand, these novel 2,3-benzodiazepines exhibit anticonvulsant properties that are not affected by flumazenil, but are reversed by aniracetam. In addition, when compared to model compound 1, compounds 12 show a longer-lasting anticonvulsant activity and a lower toxicity. A structure-activity relationship study carried out on compounds 12 as well as analogous 7,8-dimethoxy derivatives 2 offers an approach for designing more potent agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- A De Sarro
- Istituto di Farmacologia, Facoltà di Medicina, Università di Messina, Italy
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Chimirri A, Zappalà M, Gitto R, Quartarone S, Bevacqua F. Synthesis and Structural Features of 11H-Tetrazolo[1,5-c][2,3]benzodiazepines. HETEROCYCLES 1999. [DOI: 10.3987/com-99-8487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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