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Li C, Yang X, Luo Y, Liu H, Zhong X, Zhou X, Zeng T, Tao L, Zhou Y, Gou K, Yang X, Liu X, Chen Q, Zhao Y, Luo Y. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of a Novel Series of Teriflunomide Derivatives as Potent Human Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors for Malignancy Treatment. J Med Chem 2021; 64:18175-18192. [PMID: 34905371 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (hDHODH), as the fourth and rate-limiting enzyme of the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway, is regarded as an attractive target for malignancy therapy. In the present study, a novel series of teriflunomide derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as hDHODH inhibitors. 13t was the optimal compound with promising enzymatic activity (IC50 = 16.0 nM), potent antiproliferative activity against human lymphoma Raji cells (IC50 = 7.7 nM), and excellent aqueous solubility (20.1 mg/mL). Mechanistically, 13t directly inhibited hDHODH and induced cell cycle S-phase arrest in Raji cells. The acute toxicity assay indicated a favorable safety profile of 13t. Notably, 13t displayed significant tumor growth inhibition activity with a tumor growth inhibition (TGI) rate of 81.4% at 30 mg/kg in a Raji xenograft model. Together, 13t is a promising inhibitor of hDHODH and a preclinical candidate for antitumor therapy, especially for lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chungen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaowei Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xi Zhong
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ting Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lei Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Kun Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaocong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yinglan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Youfu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Liu W, Chen C, Liu H. Dimethylamine as the key intermediate generated in situ from dimethylformamide (DMF) for the synthesis of thioamides. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:1721-6. [PMID: 26664591 PMCID: PMC4660898 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An improved and efficient method for the synthesis of thioamides is presented. For this transformation, dimethylamine as the key intermediate is generated in situ from dimethylformamide (DMF). All the tested substrates produced the desired products with excellent isolated yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibing Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, 2 Guandu Road, Maoming 525000, P. R. China, ; Tel: +86-668-2923956
| | - Cui Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, 2 Guandu Road, Maoming 525000, P. R. China, ; Tel: +86-668-2923956
| | - Hailing Liu
- College Analytical and Testing Centre, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai St., Haidian District, Beijing 100875, P. R. China; Tel: +86-15010928428
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Ansell BRE, Schnyder M, Deplazes P, Korhonen PK, Young ND, Hall RS, Mangiola S, Boag PR, Hofmann A, Sternberg PW, Jex AR, Gasser RB. Insights into the immuno-molecular biology of Angiostrongylus vasorum through transcriptomics--prospects for new interventions. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 31:1486-500. [PMID: 23895945 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Angiostrongylus vasorum is a metastrongyloid nematode of dogs and other canids of major clinical importance in many countries. In order to gain first insights into the molecular biology of this worm, we conducted the first large-scale exploration of its transcriptome, and predicted essential molecules linked to metabolic and biological processes as well as host immune responses. We also predicted and prioritized drug targets and drug candidates. Following Illumina sequencing (RNA-seq), 52.3 million sequence reads representing adult A. vasorum were assembled and annotated. The assembly yielded 20,033 contigs, which encoded proteins with 11,505 homologues in Caenorhabditis elegans, and additional 2252 homologues in various other parasitic helminths for which curated data sets were publicly available. Functional annotation was achieved for 11,752 (58.6%) proteins predicted for A. vasorum, including peptidases (4.5%) and peptidase inhibitors (1.6%), protein kinases (1.7%), G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) (1.5%) and phosphatases (1.2%). Contigs encoding excretory/secretory and immuno-modulatory proteins represented some of the most highly transcribed molecules, and encoded enzymes that digest haemoglobin were conserved between A. vasorum and other blood-feeding nematodes. Using an essentiality-based approach, drug targets, including neurotransmitter receptors, an important chemosensory ion channel and cysteine proteinase-3 were predicted in A. vasorum, as were associated small molecular inhibitors/activators. Future transcriptomic analyses of all developmental stages of A. vasorum should facilitate deep explorations of the molecular biology of this important parasitic nematode and support the sequencing of its genome. These advances will provide a foundation for exploring immuno-molecular aspects of angiostrongylosis and have the potential to underpin the discovery of new methods of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan R E Ansell
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Munier-Lehmann H, Vidalain PO, Tangy F, Janin YL. On dihydroorotate dehydrogenases and their inhibitors and uses. J Med Chem 2013; 56:3148-67. [PMID: 23452331 DOI: 10.1021/jm301848w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Proper nucleosides availability is crucial for the proliferation of living entities (eukaryotic cells, parasites, bacteria, and virus). Accordingly, the uses of inhibitors of the de novo nucleosides biosynthetic pathways have been investigated in the past. In the following we have focused on dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), the fourth enzyme in the de novo pyrimidine nucleosides biosynthetic pathway. We first described the different types of enzyme in terms of sequence, structure, and biochemistry, including the reported bioassays. In a second part, the series of inhibitors of this enzyme along with a description of their potential or actual uses were reviewed. These inhibitors are indeed used in medicine to treat autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or multiple sclerosis (leflunomide and teriflunomide) and have been investigated in treatments of cancer, virus, and parasite infections (i.e., malaria) as well as in crop science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Munier-Lehmann
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Chimie et Biocatalyse, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
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Kundu B, Khare SK, Rastogi SK. Combinatorial chemistry: Polymer supported synthesis of peptide and non-peptide libraries. PROGRESS IN DRUG RESEARCH 1999; 53:89-156. [PMID: 10616297 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-8735-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, combinatorial chemistry has emerged as a powerful tool for accelerating drug discovery. While industry is rapidly embracing the technology, researchers continue to develop novel library methods including resins, linkers, tagging and deconvolution techniques. Newer strategies involving computer-customized combinatorial libraries offer enormous potential for the design of more "focused" and "smart" chemical libraries with maximal diversity. In addition, miniaturized systems for synthesizing chemical libraries are also being developed, which has made it possible to carry out reactions at submicroliter volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kundu
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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