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Polymeric Nanoparticles of Chitosan Derivatives as DNA and siRNA Carriers. ADVANCES IN POLYMER SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2011_110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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2
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Puntambekar DS, Giridhar R, Yadav MR. Insights into the structural requirements of farnesyltransferase inhibitors as potential anti-tumor agents based on 3D-QSAR CoMFA and CoMSIA models. Eur J Med Chem 2008; 43:142-54. [PMID: 17448576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2007.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2006] [Revised: 01/05/2007] [Accepted: 02/01/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) study was performed on three different chemical series reported as selective farnesyltransferase (FTase) inhibitors employing comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices (CoMSIA) techniques to investigate the structural requirements for substrates and derive a predictive model that may be used for the design of novel FTase inhibitors. Removal of outliers improved the predictive power of models developed for all three structurally diverse classes of compounds. 3D-QSAR models were derived for 3-aminopyrrolidinone derivatives (training set N=38, test set N=7), 2-amino-nicotinonitriles (training set N=46, test set N=13) and 1-aryl-1'-imidazolyl methyl ethers (training set N=35, test set N=5). The CoMFA models with steric and electrostatic fields exhibited r(2)(cv) 0.479-0.803, r(2)(ncv) 0.945-0.993, r(2)(pred) 0.686-0.811. The CoMSIA models displayed r(2)(cv) 0.411-0.814, r(2)(ncv) 0.923-0.984, r(2)(pred) 0.399-0.787. 3D contour maps generated from these models were analyzed individually, which provide the regions in space where interactive fields may influence the activity. The superimposition of contour maps on the active site of farnesyltransferase additionally helps in understanding the structural requirements of these inhibitors. 3D-QSAR models developed may guide our efforts in designing and predicting the FTase inhibitory activity of novel molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra S Puntambekar
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, The M.S. University of Baroda, Kalabhavan, PO Box 51, Baroda 390 001, Gujarat, India
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3
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Ohkanda J, Strickland CL, Blaskovich MA, Carrico D, Lockman JW, Vogt A, Bucher CJ, Sun J, Qian Y, Knowles D, Pusateri EE, Sebti SM, Hamilton AD. Structure-based design of imidazole-containing peptidomimetic inhibitors of protein farnesyltransferase. Org Biomol Chem 2006; 4:482-92. [PMID: 16446806 DOI: 10.1039/b508184j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of imidazole-containing peptidomimetic PFTase inhibitors and their co-crystal structures bound to PFTase and FPP are reported. The structures reveal that the peptidomimetics adopt a similar conformation to that of the extended CVIM tetrapeptide, with the imidazole group coordinating to the catalytic zinc ion. Both mono- and bis-imidazole-containing derivatives, 13 and 16, showed remarkably high enzyme inhibition activity against PFTase in vitro with IC50 values of 0.86 and 1.7 nM, respectively. The peptidomimetics were also highly selective for PFTase over PGGTase-I both in vitro and in intact cells. In addition, peptidomimetics and were found to suppress tumor growth in nude mouse xenograft models with no gross toxicity at a daily dose of 25 mg kg(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Ohkanda
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, PO Box 208107, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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4
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González MP, Caballero J, Tundidor-Camba A, Helguera AM, Fernández M. Modeling of farnesyltransferase inhibition by some thiol and non-thiol peptidomimetic inhibitors using genetic neural networks and RDF approaches. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:200-13. [PMID: 16185882 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2005] [Revised: 08/01/2005] [Accepted: 08/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of farnesyltransferase (FT) enzyme by a set of 78 thiol and non-thiol peptidomimetic inhibitors was successfully modeled by a genetic neural network (GNN) approach, using radial distribution function descriptors. A linear model was unable to successfully fit the whole data set; however, the optimum Bayesian regularized neural network model described about 87% inhibitory activity variance with a relevant predictive power measured by q2 values of leave-one-out and leave-group-out cross-validations of about 0.7. According to their activity levels, thiol and non-thiol inhibitors were well-distributed in a topological map, built with the inputs of the optimum non-linear predictor. Furthermore, descriptors in the GNN model suggested the occurrence of a strong dependence of FT inhibition on the molecular shape and size rather than on electronegativity or polarizability characteristics of the studied compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maykel Pérez González
- Unit of Service, Drug Design Department, Experimental Sugar Cane Station Villa Clara-Cienfuegos, Ranchuelo, Villa Clara, C.P. 53100, Cuba
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5
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Saha AK, Liu L, Simoneaux R, DeCorte B, Meyer C, Skrzat S, Breslin HJ, Kukla MJ, End DW. Novel triazole based inhibitors of Ras farnesyl transferase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:5407-11. [PMID: 16216509 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2005] [Revised: 08/26/2005] [Accepted: 09/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of potent inhibitors of Ras farnesyl transferase possessing a 1,2,4-triazole pharmacophore is described. These inhibitors were discovered from a parallel synthesis effort and were subsequently optimized to in vitro IC(50) value of less than 1nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashis K Saha
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research Foundation, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, PA 19477, USA.
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6
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Saha AK, End DW. Novel beta-(imidazol-4-yl)-beta-amino acids: solid-phase synthesis and study of their inhibitory activity against geranylgeranyl protein transferase type I. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:1713-9. [PMID: 15745827 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2004] [Revised: 01/06/2005] [Accepted: 01/14/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Solid-phase synthesis of imidazolyl-beta-amino acid derivatives is described. Several analogs demonstrated moderate inhibition of geranylgeranyl protein transferase type I (GGPT I).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashis K Saha
- Janssen Research Foundation, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, PA 19477, USA.
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7
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8
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Mitsch A, Altenkämper M, Sattler I, Schlitzer M. Non-Thiol Farnesyltransferase Inhibitors: Utilization of the Far Aryl Binding Site by Arylthienylacryloylaminobenzophenones. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2005; 338:9-17. [PMID: 15674808 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.200400886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We recently described two novel aryl binding sites of farnesyltransferase. The 4- and 5-arylsubstituted thienylacryloyl moieties turned out as appropriate substituents for our benzophenone-based AAX-peptidomimetic capable for occupying the far aryl binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Mitsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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9
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Millet R, Domarkas J, Houssin R, Gilleron P, Goossens JF, Chavatte P, Logé C, Pommery N, Pommery J, Hénichart JP. Potent and Selective Farnesyl Transferase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2004; 47:6812-20. [PMID: 15615530 DOI: 10.1021/jm030502y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We recently described a novel series of CA(1)A(2)X peptidomimetics as farnesyl transferase inhibitors (FTIs). These compounds possess an N-(4-piperidinyl)benzamide scaffold mimicking A(1)A(2) residue. Extensive exploration of structure--activity relationships revealed that replacement of cysteine by substituted benzylimidazoles provided nanomolar FTIs with in vitro activities (18e, IC(50) = 4.60 nM on isolated enzyme, EC(50) = 20.0 nM for growth inhibition on a tumor cell line). The molecular docking of 18e and 19e in the active site of the enzyme provided details of key interactions with the protein and showed that the methionine or phenylalanine residue fits into the aryl binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Régis Millet
- Institut de Chimie Pharmaceutique Albert Lespagnol, EA 2692, Université de Lille 2, BP 83 rue du Professeur Laguesse, 59006 Lille, France
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10
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Polley MJ, Winkler DA, Burden FR. Broad-Based Quantitative Structure−Activity Relationship Modeling of Potency and Selectivity of Farnesyltransferase Inhibitors Using a Bayesian Regularized Neural Network. J Med Chem 2004; 47:6230-8. [PMID: 15566293 DOI: 10.1021/jm049621j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of the enzyme farnesyltransferase show potential as novel anticancer agents. There are many known inhibitors, but efforts to build predictive SAR models have been hampered by the structural diversity and flexibility of inhibitors. We have undertaken for the first time a QSAR study of the potency and selectivity of a large, diverse data set of farnesyltransferase inhibitors. We used novel molecular descriptors based on binned atomic properties and invariants of molecular matrices and a robust, nonlinear QSAR mapping paradigm, the Bayesian regularized neural network. We have built robust QSAR models of farnesyltransferase inhibition, geranylgeranyltransferase inhibition, and in vivo data. We have derived a novel selectivity index that allows us to model potency and selectivity simultaneously and have built robust QSAR models using this index that have the potential to discover new potent and selective inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell J Polley
- Centre for Complexity in Drug Design, CSIRO Molecular Science, Private Bag 10, Clayton South MDC, Clayton 3169, Australia
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11
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Mitsch A, Wissner P, Silber K, Haebel P, Sattler I, Klebe G, Schlitzer M. Non-thiol farnesyltransferase inhibitors: N-(4-tolylacetylamino-3-benzoylphenyl)-3-arylfurylacrylic acid amides. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12:4585-600. [PMID: 15358286 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2004] [Accepted: 07/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have designed arylfurylacryl-substituted benzophenones as non-thiol farnesyltransferase inhibitors utilizing a novel aryl binding site of farnesyltransferase. These compounds display activity in the low nanomolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Mitsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
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12
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Le Diguarher T, Ortuno JC, Dorey G, Shanks D, Guilbaud N, Pierré A, Fauchère JL, Hickman JA, Tucker GC, Casara PJ. Parallel liquid synthesis of N,N'-Disubstituted 3-amino azepin-2-ones as potent and specific farnesyl transferase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2003; 11:3193-204. [PMID: 12818682 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(03)00218-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A rapid structure-activity study was performed by parallel liquid synthesis on N,N'-disubstitution of 3-amino azepin-2-one to afford potent and specific farnesyl transferase inhibitors with low nM enzymatic and cellular activities. The activities of the selected compounds were validated in vivo, and compounds 41a and 44a presented significant antitumour activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Le Diguarher
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 chemin de Ronde, 78290 Croissy sur Seine, France
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13
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Perez M, Maraval C, Dumond S, Lamothe M, Schambel P, Etiévant C, Hill B. Synthesis and evaluation of a novel series of farnesyl protein transferase inhibitors as non-peptidic CAAX tetrapeptide analogues. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:1455-8. [PMID: 12668011 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00170-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of compounds, derived from 4-amino-phenyl piperazine, has been designed to selectively inhibit farnesyl protein transferase (FPTase) as CAAX tetrapeptide analogues. Certain of these compounds were shown to possess low nanomolar inhibitory activity both against the isolated enzyme and in cultured cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Perez
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry 4, Centre de Recherche Pierre Fabre, 17, Avenue Jean Moulin, 81106 Cedex, Castres, France.
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14
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Curtin ML, Florjancic AS, Cohen J, Gu WZ, Frost DJ, Muchmore SW, Sham HL. Novel and selective imidazole-containing biphenyl inhibitors of protein farnesyltransferase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:1367-71. [PMID: 12657284 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00096-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of imidazole-containing biphenyls was prepared and evaluated in vitro for inhibition of FTase and cellular Ras processing. Several of these analogues, such as 21, are potent inhibitors of FTase (<1nM), FTase/GGTase selective (>300-fold) and cellularly active (<or=80nM). An X-ray crystal structure of inhibitor 21 bound to rat farnesyltransferase is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Curtin
- Department of Cancer Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA.
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15
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Kettler K, Sakowski J, Silber K, Sattler I, Klebe G, Schlitzer M. Non-thiol farnesyltransferase inhibitors: N-(4-acylamino-3-benzoylphenyl)-3-[5-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-furyl]acrylic acid amides. Bioorg Med Chem 2003; 11:1521-30. [PMID: 12705292 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(03)00064-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We have designed the nitrophenylfurylacryl-substituted benzophenone 4f as a non-thiol farnesyltransferase inhibitor utilizing a novel aryl binding site of farnesyltransferase. Variation of the 2-acylamino substituent at the benzophenone core structure of our initial lead 4f yielded several non-thiol farnesyltransferase inhibitors with improved activity. These compounds display activity in the low nanomolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Kettler
- Department für Pharmazie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr, München, Germany
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16
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El Oualid F, Bruining L, Leroy I, Cohen L, van Boom J, van der Marel G, Overkleeft H, Overhand M. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Protein:Geranylgeranyltransferase I Inhibitors Based on the CaaX Box: Incorporation of Sugar Amino Acids as Dipeptide Isosters. Helv Chim Acta 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1522-2675(200210)85:10<3455::aid-hlca3455>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farid El Oualid
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, P.O. Box 9502, NL‐2301 RA Leiden
| | - Leon Bruining
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, P.O. Box 9502, NL‐2301 RA Leiden
| | - Ingrid M. Leroy
- TNO Prevention and Health, Gaubius Laboratory, P.O. Box 2215, NL‐2301 CE Leiden
| | - Louis H. Cohen
- TNO Prevention and Health, Gaubius Laboratory, P.O. Box 2215, NL‐2301 CE Leiden
| | - Jacques H. van Boom
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, P.O. Box 9502, NL‐2301 RA Leiden
| | - Gijs A. van der Marel
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, P.O. Box 9502, NL‐2301 RA Leiden
| | - Herman S. Overkleeft
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, P.O. Box 9502, NL‐2301 RA Leiden
| | - Mark Overhand
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, P.O. Box 9502, NL‐2301 RA Leiden
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17
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Mitsch A, Böhm M, Wissner P, Sattler I, Schlitzer M. Non-thiol farnesyltransferase inhibitors: utilization of an aryl binding site by 5-arylacryloylaminobenzophenones. Bioorg Med Chem 2002; 10:2657-62. [PMID: 12057654 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(02)00088-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We recently described a novel aryl binding site of farnesyltransferase. The 2-naphthylacryloyl residue was developed as an appropriate substituent for our benzophenone-based AAX-peptidomimetic capable of occupying this binding site, resulting in a non-thiol farnesyltransferase inhibitor with nanomolar activity. The activity of this inhibitor is readily explained on the basis of docking studies which show the 2-naphthyl residue fitting into the aryl binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Mitsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
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18
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Nguyen DN, Stump CA, Walsh ES, Fernandes C, Davide JP, Ellis-Hutchings M, Robinson RG, Williams TM, Lobell RB, Huber HE, Buser CA. Potent inhibitors of farnesyltransferase and geranylgeranyltransferase-I. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:1269-73. [PMID: 11965368 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00154-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Compound 1 has been shown to be a dual prenylation inhibitor with FPTase (IC50=2 nM) and GGPTase-I (IC50=95 nM). Analogues of 1, which replaced the cyanophenyl group with various biaryls, led to the discovery of highly potent dual FPTase/GGPTase-I inhibitors. 4-trifluoromethylphenyl, trifluoropentynyl, and trifluoropentyl were identified as good p-cyano replacements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diem N Nguyen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA.
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19
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Sakowski J, Sattler I, Schlitzer M. Non-thiol farnesyltransferase inhibitors: N-(4-Acylamino-3-benzoylphenyl)-4-nitrocinnamic acid amides. Bioorg Med Chem 2002; 10:233-9. [PMID: 11741771 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(01)00274-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We have developed the 4-nitrocinnamoyl substituted benzophenone 4a as a novel non-thiol farnesyltransferase inhibitor. Replacement of the p-tolyl moiety of our initial lead structure 4a by different para and ortho substituted phenyl residues as well as by 1-naphthyl resulted in derivatives with considerably enhanced activity displaying IC(50) values between 42 and 52 nM. These compounds represent novel, readily accessible non-thiol farnesyltransferase inhibitors being more active than the corresponding thiol-containing analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Sakowski
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, D-35032, Marburg, Germany
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20
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Houssin R, Pommery J, Salaün MC, Deweer S, Goossens JF, Chavatte P, Hénichart JP. Design, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation of new farnesyl protein transferase inhibitors. J Med Chem 2002; 45:533-6. [PMID: 11784157 DOI: 10.1021/jm010297r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
New CA(1)A(2)X peptidomimetics are described as Ras farnesyl transferase inhibitors (FTIs). They include cysteine and methionine as mimetics of the C-terminus sequence of farnesylated proteins. Furthermore, cysteine was replaced by heterocycles, taking into account the role of zinc and the metabolic instability of amino acids. The molecular docking of 8 in the active site of the enzyme and the pharmacological evaluation of the compounds are illustrative of a new class of FTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Houssin
- Institut de Chimie Pharmaceutique Albert Lespagnol, EA 2692, Université de Lille 2, 3 rue du Professeur Laguesse, BP 83, 59006 Lille, France
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21
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Lee H, Lee J, Lee S, Shin Y, Jung W, Kim JH, Park K, Kim K, Cho HS, Ro S, Lee S, Jeong SW, Choi T, Chung HH, Koh JS. A novel class of highly potent, selective, and non-peptidic inhibitor of Ras farnesyltransferase (FTase). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:3069-72. [PMID: 11714612 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00624-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Design, synthesis and structure-activity relationship of a class of aryl pyrroles as farnesyltransferase inhibitors are described. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of a panel of these inhibitors led to identification of 2 (LB42908) as a highly potent (IC(50)=0.9 nM against H-Ras and 2.4 nM against K-Ras) antitumor agent that is currently undergoing preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lee
- Life Science R&D, LGCI, Science Town, Taejon 305-380, Republic of Korea
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22
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Lee H, Lee J, Shin Y, Jung W, Kim JH, Park K, Ro S, Chung HH, Koh JS. 3-Aryl-4-aryloyl-1-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)methylpyrrole, a novel class of farnesyltransferase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:2963-5. [PMID: 11677136 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00593-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Design, synthesis and structure-activity relationship of a class of 3-aryl-4-aryloyl-1-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)methylpyrroles as farnesyltransferase inhibitors are described. Compound 7 inhibits farnesyltransferase with an IC(50) value of 4.6 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lee
- Life Science R & D, LGCI, Science Town, Taejon 305-380, South Korea
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23
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Böhm M, Mitsch A, Wissner P, Sattler I, Schlitzer M. Exploration of novel aryl binding sites of farnesyltransferase using molecular modeling and benzophenone-based farnesyltransferase inhibitors. J Med Chem 2001; 44:3117-24. [PMID: 11543680 DOI: 10.1021/jm010873j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Most non-thiol CAAX-peptidomimetic farnesyltransferase inhibitors bear nitrogen-containing heterocycles in place of the terminal cysteine which are supposed to coordinate the enzyme-bound zinc. However, it has been shown that those nitrogen-containing heterocycles can be replaced by carbocyclic aromatic moieties which are unable to coordinate the zinc ion, a conclusion that resulted in the postulation of one or two hitherto unknown aryl binding sites. No indication has been given about the spatial location of these novel binding sites. Employing flexible docking of several non-thiol farnesyltransferase inhibitors known from the literature and some model compounds based on our benzophenone scaffold as well as performing GRID searches, we have identified two regions in the farnesyltransferase's active site which we suggest being the postulated aryl binding sites. One aryl binding region is located in close proximity to the zinc ion and is defined by the aromatic side chains of Tyr 300beta, Trp 303beta, Tyr 361beta, and Tyr 365beta. The second aryl binding site is defined by the side chains of Tyr 300beta, Leu 295beta, Lys 294beta, Lys 353beta, and Lys 356beta. This second aryl binding site has been used for the design of a non-thiol farnesyltransferase inhibitor (9c) with an IC(50) of 35 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Böhm
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
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Mitsch A, Wissner P, Sattler I, Schlitzer M. Non-thiol farnesyltransferase inhibitors: structure-activity relationships of aralkylsubstituted benzophenones. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2001; 334:40-4. [PMID: 11268773 DOI: 10.1002/1521-4184(200102)334:2<40::aid-ardp40>3.0.co;2-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We describe a novel class of benzophenone-based farnesyltransferase inhibitors exploiting a novel aryl binding region in the farnesyltransferase's active site. The present study was mainly focussed on structural modifications of the trimethylene spacer of the 4-phenyl butyroyl residue of our lead structure (IC50 = 530 nM). These modifications turned out to have little effect on activity as had the replacement of the terminal aryl by cyclohexyl (IC50 = 440 nM vs. IC50 = 530 nM).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mitsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
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25
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Hunt JT, Ding CZ, Batorsky R, Bednarz M, Bhide R, Cho Y, Chong S, Chao S, Gullo-Brown J, Guo P, Kim SH, Lee FY, Leftheris K, Miller A, Mitt T, Patel M, Penhallow BA, Ricca C, Rose WC, Schmidt R, Slusarchyk WA, Vite G, Manne V. Discovery of (R)-7-cyano-2,3,4, 5-tetrahydro-1-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-3- (phenylmethyl)-4-(2-thienylsulfonyl)-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine (BMS-214662), a farnesyltransferase inhibitor with potent preclinical antitumor activity. J Med Chem 2000; 43:3587-95. [PMID: 11020273 DOI: 10.1021/jm000248z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Continuing structure-activity studies were performed on the 2,3,4, 5-tetrahydro-1-(imidazol-4-ylalkyl)-1,4-benzodiazepine farnesyltransferase (FT) inhibitors. These studies demonstrated that a 3(R)-phenylmethyl group, a hydrophilic 7-cyano group, and a 4-sulfonyl group bearing a variety of substituents provide low-nanomolar FT inhibitors with cellular activity at concentrations below 100 nM. Maximal in vivo activity in the mutated K-Ras bearing HCT-116 human colon tumor model was achieved with analogues carrying hydrophobic side chains such as propyl, phenyl, or thienyl attached to the N-4 sulfonyl group. Several such compounds achieved curative efficacy when given orally in this model. On the basis of its excellent preclinical antitumor activity and promising pharmacokinetics, compound 20 (BMS-214662, (R)-7-cyano-2,3,4, 5-tetrahydro-1-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-3-(phenylmethyl)-4-(2-thie nyl sulfonyl)-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine) has been advanced into human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Hunt
- Department of Oncology Chemistry, Chemistry Core Resources, Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Oncology Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, USA.
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26
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Macor JE, Cornelius LA, Roberge JY. Direct displacement of –OH by nucleophiles in hydroxymethylimidazoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)00262-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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27
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Ding CZ, Hunt JT, Ricca C, Manne V. 3-Imidazolylmethylaminophenylsulfonyltetrahydroquinolines, a novel series of farnesyltransferase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:273-5. [PMID: 10698452 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00686-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Design, synthesis and structure-activity relationship of a series of 3-imidazolylmethylaminophenylsulfonyltetrahydroquinolines as farnesyltransferase inhibitors are presented. A working pharmacophore of inhibiting farnesyltransferase by this series of inhibitors is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Z Ding
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA.
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28
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Dinsmore CJ, Williams TM, O'Neill TJ, Liu D, Rands E, Culberson JC, Lobell RB, Koblan KS, Kohl NE, Gibbs JB, Oliff AI, Graham SL, Hartman GD. Imidazole-containing diarylether and diarylsulfone inhibitors of farnesyl-protein transferase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999; 9:3301-6. [PMID: 10612589 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00605-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The design and syntheses of non-thiol inhibitors of farnesyl-protein transferase are described. Optimization of cysteine-substituted diarylethers led to highly potent imidazole-containing diarylethers and diarylsulfones. Polar diaryl linkers dramatically improved potency and gave highly cell active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Dinsmore
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA
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