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Ulusel M, Dinçer O, Şahin O, Çınar-Aygün S. Solidification-Controlled Compartmentalization of Bismuth-Tin Colloidal Particles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37897796 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c04345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Nucleation and growth are the main steps of microstructure formation. Nucleation occurs stochastically in a bulk material but can be controlled by introducing or removing catalytic sites, or creating local gradients. Such manipulations can already be implemented to bulk materials at a high level of sophistication but are still challenging on micrometer or smaller scales. Here, we explore the potential to transfer this vast knowledge in classical metallurgy to the fabrication of colloidal particles and report strategies to control phase distribution within a particle by adjusting its solidification conditions. Benefiting from the core-shell structure of liquid metals and the constrained volume of particles, we demonstrate that the same alloy particle can be transformed into a lamellar, composite, Janus, or striped particle by the felicitous choice of the phase separation process pathway. This methodology offers an unprecedented opportunity for the scalable production of compartmentalized particles in high yields that are currently limited to inherently unscalable methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mert Ulusel
- Dept. of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Orçun Dinçer
- Dept. of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Ozan Şahin
- Dept. of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Simge Çınar-Aygün
- Dept. of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
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High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering of In 2O 3/Sn Cold Sprayed Composite Target. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14051228. [PMID: 33807798 PMCID: PMC7961378 DOI: 10.3390/ma14051228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (HiPIMS) was used for deposition of indium tin oxide (ITO) transparent thin films at low substrate temperature. A hybrid-type composite target was self-prepared by low-pressure cold spraying process. Prior to spraying In2O3 and oxidized Sn powders were mixed in a volume ratio of 3:1. Composite In2O3/Sn coating had a mean thickness of 900 µm. HiPIMS process was performed in various mixtures of Ar:O2: (i) 100:0 vol.%, (ii) 90:10 vol.%, (iii) 75:25 vol.%, (iv) 50:50 vol.%, and (v) 0:100 vol.%. Oxygen rich atmosphere was necessary to oxidize tin atoms. Self-design, simple high voltage power switch capable of charging the 20 µF capacitor bank from external high voltage power supply worked as a power supply for an unbalanced magnetron source. ITO thin films with thickness in the range of 30–40 nm were obtained after 300 deposition pulses of 900 V and deposition time of 900 s. The highest transmission of 88% at λ = 550 nm provided 0:100 vol. % Ar:O2 mixture, together with the lowest resistivity of 0.03 Ω·cm.
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Zhang B, Peng K, Sha X, Li A, Zhou X, Chen Y, Deng Q, Yang D, Ma E, Han X. A Second Amorphous Layer Underneath Surface Oxide. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2017; 23:173-178. [PMID: 28228170 DOI: 10.1017/s143192761700006x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Formation of a nanometer-scale oxide surface layer is common when a material is exposed to oxygen-containing environment. Employing aberration-corrected analytical transmission electron microscopy and using single crystal SnSe as an example, we show that for an alloy, a second thin amorphous layer can appear underneath the outmost oxide layer. This inner amorphous layer is not oxide based, but instead originates from solid-state amorphization of the base alloy when its free energy rises to above that of the metastable amorphous state; which is a result of the composition shift due to the preferential depletion of the oxidizing species, in our case, the outgoing Sn reacting with the oxygen atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100024,China
| | - Kunlin Peng
- 2College of Physics,Chongqing University,Chongqing 401331,China
| | - Xuechao Sha
- 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100024,China
| | - Ang Li
- 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100024,China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhou
- 2College of Physics,Chongqing University,Chongqing 401331,China
| | - Yanhui Chen
- 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100024,China
| | - QingSong Deng
- 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100024,China
| | - Dingfeng Yang
- 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100024,China
| | - Evan Ma
- 3Department of Materials Science and Engineering,Johns Hopkins University,Baltimore,MD 21218,USA
| | - Xiaodong Han
- 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100024,China
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Jang H, Eom J, Ju H, Lee J. Influence of the mediating behaviour of Sn according to its particle size on a Ni/yttria-stabilised zirconia porous anode structure in a direct carbon fuel cell. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra20790a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Comparison of the Sn mediating behaviour according to the particle size and consequent changes in permeation: microparticles tend to accumulate, whereas nanoparticles favour permeation and oxidation due to their smaller dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansaem Jang
- Electrochemical Reaction & Technology Laboratory (ERTL)
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)
- Gwangju
- South Korea
| | - Jiyoung Eom
- Electrochemical Reaction & Technology Laboratory (ERTL)
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)
- Gwangju
- South Korea
| | - HyungKuk Ju
- Ertl Center for Electrochemistry and Catalysis
- RISE-CHESS
- GIST
- Gwangju
- South Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Lee
- Electrochemical Reaction & Technology Laboratory (ERTL)
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)
- Gwangju
- South Korea
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Roshanghias A, Yakymovych A, Bernardi J, Ipser H. Synthesis and thermal behavior of tin-based alloy (Sn-Ag-Cu) nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:5843-51. [PMID: 25757694 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr00462d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The prominent melting point depression of nanoparticles has been the subject of a considerable amount of research. For their promising applications in electronics, tin-based nano-alloys such as near-eutectic Sn-Ag-Cu (SAC) alloys have been synthesized via various techniques. However, due to issues such as particle aggregation and oxidation or introduced impurities, the application of these nano-size particles has been confined or aborted. For instance, thermal investigations by DTA/DSC in a large number of studies revealed exothermic peaks in the range of 240-500 °C, i.e. above the melting point of SAC nanoparticles, with different and quite controversial explanations for this unclear phenomenon. This represents a considerable drawback for the application of nanoparticles. Correspondingly, in the current study, the thermal stability of SAC nanoparticles has been investigated via electron microscopy, XRD, FTIR, and DSC/TG analysis. It was found that the nanoparticles consist mainly of a metallic β-Sn core and an amorphous tin hydroxide shell structure. The SnO crystalline phase formation from this amorphous shell has been associated with the exothermic peaks on the first heating cycle of the nanoparticles, followed by a disproportionation reaction into metallic Sn and SnO₂.The results also revealed that the surfactant and reducing agent cannot only affect the size and size distribution of the nanoparticles, they might also alter the ratio between the amorphous shell and the crystalline core in the structure of particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Roshanghias
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry (Materials Chemistry), University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Rashad MM, Ismail AA, Osama I, Ibrahim I, Kandil AHT. Photocatalytic decomposition of dyes using ZnO doped SnO2 nanoparticles prepared by solvothermal method. ARAB J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Rahman MM, Jamal A, Khan SB, Faisal M. Highly sensitive ethanol chemical sensor based on Ni-doped SnO2 nanostructure materials. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 28:127-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Ahmed AS, Shafeeq M. M, Singla M, Tabassum S, Naqvi AH, Azam A. Band gap narrowing and fluorescence properties of nickel doped SnO2 nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE 2011; 131:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jlumin.2010.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
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Abstract
One-dimensional (1-D) nanomaterials are basic building blocks for the construction of nanoscale devices. However, the fabrication and alignment of 1-D nanomaterials with specific geometry and composition on a given substrate is a significant challenge. Herein we show a successful example of fabricating a family of aligned 1-D C-curved nanoarches of different compositions on an extended Si surface by a simple and scalable method. The nanoarches are made up of either single-crystalline Sn nanorods encapsulated in carbon nanotubes (CNTs), SnO(2) nanotubes, or CNTs. The aligned 1-D C-curved nanoarches of single-crystalline Sn nanorods in CNTs are prepared first by a facile in situ reduction of SnO(2) nanoparticles under standard chemical vapor deposition conditions. Nanoarches of CNTs and SnO(2) nanotubes were then derived from the Sn@CNT nanoarches by acid etching and by calcination in air, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Deng
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260
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Yurakov YA, Ryabtsev SV, Chuvenkova OA, Domashevskaya EP, Nikitenko AS, Kannykin SV, Kushchev SB. The formation of tin oxides in thin-film Sn/C/KCl(100) structures. CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s1063774509010192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Lassesson A, Schulze M, van Lith J, Brown SA. Tin oxide nanocluster hydrogen and ammonia sensors. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2008; 19:015502. [PMID: 21730533 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/01/015502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We have prepared sensitive hydrogen and ammonia sensors from thin films of tin nanoclusters with diameters between 3 and 10 nm. By baking the samples at 200 °C in ambient air the clusters were oxidized, resulting in very stable films of tin oxide clusters with similar diameters to the original Sn clusters. By monitoring the electrical resistance, it is shown that the cluster films are highly responsive to hydrogen and ammonia at relatively low temperatures, thereby making them attractive for commercial applications in which low power consumption is required. Doping of the films by depositing Pd on top of the clusters resulted in much improved sensor response and response times. It is shown that optimal sensor properties are achieved for very thin cluster films (a few monolayers of clusters).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lassesson
- Nano Cluster Devices Ltd, Rutherford Building, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Fouad OA. Formation of nanostructured tin oxide semiconductors by a simple thermal redox process. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.200510687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Hsu YJ, Lu SY. Vapor−Solid Growth of Sn Nanowires: Growth Mechanism and Superconductivity. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:4398-403. [PMID: 16851508 DOI: 10.1021/jp046354k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A noncatalytic and template-free vapor transport process has been employed to prepare single-crystalline Sn nanowires with diameters of 10-20 nm. The growth of one-dimensional Sn nanowires follows the mechanism similar to the vapor-solid (V-S) mechanism. Two-dimensional square-shaped nanostructures were also found to form in the region of lower deposition temperatures. The rich morphology may be attributed to the competition in growth rate among different crystallographic planes. Structural characterization with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy showed that the nanowires and nanosquares grew in a preferential direction of [200]. The superconducting transition temperatures for Sn nanowires and Sn nanosquares were about 3.7 K, which was very close to that of bulk beta-Sn. Magnetization measurements showed that the critical magnetic fields for both Sn nanowires and Sn nanosquares increased significantly as compared to that of bulk Sn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Jung Hsu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan 30043, Republic of China
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Nayral C, Viala E, Fau P, Senocq F, Jumas JC, Maisonnat A, Chaudret B. Synthesis of tin and tin oxide nanoparticles of low size dispersity for application in gas sensing. Chemistry 2000; 6:4082-90. [PMID: 11151840 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3765(20001117)6:22<4082::aid-chem4082>3.0.co;2-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Nanocomposite core-shell particles that consist of a Sn0 core surrounded by a thin layer of tin oxides have been prepared by thermolysis of [(Sn(NMe2)2)2] in anisole that contains small, controlled amounts of water. The particles were characterized by means of electronic microscopies (TEM, HRTEM, SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies, photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Mossbauer spectroscopy. The TEM micrographs show spherical nanoparticles, the size and size distribution of which depends on the initial experimental conditions of temperature, time, water concentration, and tin precursor concentration. Nanoparticles of 19 nm median size and displaying a narrow size distribution have been obtained with excellent yield in the optimized conditions. HRTEM, XPS, XRD and Mossbauer studies indicate the composite nature of the particles that consist of a well-crystallized tin beta core of approximately equals 11 nm covered with a layer of approximately equals 4 nm of amorphous tin dioxide and which also contain quadratic tin monoxide crystallites. The thermal oxidation of this nanocomposite yields well-crystallized nanoparticles of SnO2* without coalescence or size change. XRD patterns show that the powder consists of a mixture of two phases: the tetragonal cassiterite phase, which is the most abundant, and an orthorhombic phase. In agreement with the small SnO2 particle size, the relative intensity of the adsorbed dioxygen peak observed on the XPS spectrum is remarkable, when compared with that observed in the case of larger SnO2 particles. This is consistent with electrical conductivity measurements, which demonstrate that this material is highly sensitive to the presence of a reducing gas such as carbon monoxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Nayral
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, UPR 8241, Toulouse, France
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