Crouzat F, Benoit AC, Kovacs C, Smith G, Taback N, Sandler I, Acsai M, Barrie W, Brunetta J, Chang B, Fletcher D, Knox D, Merkley B, Sharma M, Tilley D, Loutfy M. Time to Viremia for Patients Taking their First Antiretroviral Regimen and the Subsequent Resistance Profiles.
HIV CLINICAL TRIALS 2016;
17:1-11. [PMID:
26899538 DOI:
10.1080/15284336.2015.1111555]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND
The resistance profiles for patients on first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens after viremia have not been well studied in community clinic settings in the modern treatment era.
OBJECTIVE
To determine time to viremia and the ART resistance profiles of viremic patients.
METHODS
HIV-positive patients aged ≥16 years initiating a three-drug regimen were retrospectively identified from 01/01/06 to 12/31/12. The regimens were a backbone of two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and a third agent: a protease inhibitor (PI), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), or an integrase inhibitor (II). Time to viremia was compared using a proportional hazards model, adjusting for demographic and clinical factors. Resistance profiles were described in those with baseline and follow-up genotypes.
RESULTS
For 653 patients, distribution of third-agent use and viremia was: 244 (37%) on PIs with 80 viremia, 364 (56%) on NNRTIs with 84 viremia, and 45 (7%) on II with 11 viremia. Only for NNRTIs, time to viremia was longer than PIs (p = 0.04) for patients with a CD4 count ≥200 cells/mm(3). Of the 175 with viremia, 143 (82%) had baseline and 37 (21%) had follow-up genotype. Upon viremia, emerging ART resistance was rare. One new NNRTI (Y181C) mutation was identified and three patients taking PI-based regimens developed NRTI mutations (M184 V, M184I, and T215Y).
CONCLUSIONS
Time to viremia for NNRTIs was longer than PIs. With viremia, ART resistance rarely developed without PI or II mutations, but with a few NRTI mutations in those taking PI-based regimens, and NNRTI mutations in those taking NNRTI-based regimens.
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