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Huang MG, Tan YY, Ai MT, Chen XH, Xu HB, Liu YJ. Salicylaldehyde-Cobalt(II)-Catalyzed C-H Alkoxylation of Indoles with Secondary Alcohols. J Org Chem 2024; 89:4438-4443. [PMID: 38471105 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
A straight and efficient protocol for the synthesis of hindered indole-ethers via C-H alkoxylation of indoles was developed by a cobalt-catalyzed cross-dehydrogenative coupling reaction with secondary alcohols. The selection of the salicylaldehyde-Co(II) catalyst enables the reaction to proceed under conditions without acid or base addition in the presence of limited alcohols. The protocol has broad substrate scope for both indole and secondary alcohols and exhibits good functional tolerance. The synthetic applications are proven by gram-scale reaction and further diversification of the product. Preliminary mechanistic investigations indicate that the activation of C-H bonds is not the rate-determining step of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Gui Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Yan Tan
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Ting Ai
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Hong Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Bing Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China
| | - Yue-Jin Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China
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2
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Wang Z, Yin L, Wang M, Zhu Y, Yang Y, Cheng L, Wang C, Li Y. Selective C-O Bond Forming Reactions at Indole-C2-Position toward Polycyclic Indolone or Indolinone Derivatives Tethered with Medium-Sized Rings. Org Lett 2022; 24:6272-6276. [PMID: 35980745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A methodology involving the chemoselective synthesis of tetracyclic [1,3]oxazino[3,2-a]indol-4-one or tetracyclic [1,3]oxazino[3,2-a]indoline-4-one tethered with a medium-sized ring by cross dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) or nucleophilic addition (NA) reaction has been developed. [1,3]Oxazino[3,2-a]indol-4-one compounds fused with a medium-sized ring were constructed through a CDC reaction in the presence of I2 and K2CO3. Whereas, [1,3]oxazino[3,2-a]indoline-4-ones tethered with a medium-sized ring were obtained with a TfOH system by NA reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongkang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Liqiang Yin
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Mengdan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yilin Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yajie Yang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Lu Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Chengyu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Shuangling Road, Linyi, Shandong 276000, China
| | - Yanzhong Li
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China.,Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
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3
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Luqman A, Ebner P, Reichert S, Sass P, Kabagema-Bilan C, Heilmann C, Ruth P, Götz F. A new host cell internalisation pathway for SadA-expressing staphylococci triggered by excreted neurochemicals. Cell Microbiol 2019; 21:e13044. [PMID: 31099148 PMCID: PMC6771854 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a facultative intracellular pathogen that invades a wide range of professional and nonprofessional phagocytes by triggering internalisation by interaction of surface‐bound adhesins with corresponding host cell receptors. Here, we identified a new concept of host cell internalisation in animal‐pathogenic staphylococcal species. This new mechanism exemplified by Staphylococcus pseudintermedius ED99 is not based on surface‐bound adhesins but is due to excreted small neurochemical compounds, such as trace amines (TAs), dopamine (DOP), and serotonin (SER), that render host cells competent for bacterial internalisation. The neurochemicals are produced by only one enzyme, the staphylococcal aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (SadA). Here, we unravelled the mechanism of how neurochemicals trigger internalisation into the human colon cell line HT‐29. We found that TAs and DOP are agonists of the α2‐adrenergic receptor, which, when activated, induces a cascade of reactions involving a decrease in the cytoplasmic cAMP level and an increase in F‐actin formation. The signalling cascade of SER follows a different pathway. SER interacts with 5HT receptors that trigger F‐actin formation without decreasing the cytoplasmic cAMP level. The neurochemical‐induced internalisation in host cells is independent of the fibronectin‐binding protein pathway and has an additive effect. In a sadA deletion mutant, ED99ΔsadA, internalisation was decreased approximately threefold compared with that of the parent strain, and treating S. aureus USA300 with TAs increased internalisation by approximately threefold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Luqman
- Microbial Genetics, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen (IMIT), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Biology Department, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Microbiology Division, Generasi Biologi Indonesia (Genbinesia) Foundation, Gresik, Indonesia
| | - Patrick Ebner
- Microbial Genetics, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen (IMIT), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Reichert
- Microbial Genetics, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen (IMIT), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Sass
- Microbial Bioactive Compounds, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen (IMIT), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Christine Heilmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Peter Ruth
- Institute for Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Friedrich Götz
- Microbial Genetics, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen (IMIT), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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4
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Hammoud S, Anselmi E, Cherry K, Kizirian JC, Thibonnet J. Synthesis and Reactivity of Oxazinoindolones via Regioselective 6-exo
-dig
Iodolactonization. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sokaina Hammoud
- Laboratoire SIMBA; EA7502; Université de Tours; Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Parc de Grandmont; 32 Av. Monge 37200 Tours France
| | - Elsa Anselmi
- Laboratoire SIMBA; EA7502; Université de Tours; Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Parc de Grandmont; 32 Av. Monge 37200 Tours France
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, UMR 8180, Université de Versailles-St-Quentin; 45 Av. des Etats-Unis 78035 Versailles Cedex France
| | - Khalil Cherry
- Laboratoire Matériaux; Catalyse, Environnement et Méthodes Analytiques (MCEMA); Université Libanaise; Campus Universitaire de Hadath Liban
| | - Jean-Claude Kizirian
- Laboratoire SIMBA; EA7502; Université de Tours; Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Parc de Grandmont; 32 Av. Monge 37200 Tours France
| | - Jérôme Thibonnet
- Laboratoire SIMBA; EA7502; Université de Tours; Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Parc de Grandmont; 32 Av. Monge 37200 Tours France
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5
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Chen J, Tao LX, Xiao W, Ji SS, Wang JR, Li XW, Zhang HY, Guo YW. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel chiral oxazino-indoles as potential and selective neuroprotective agents against Aβ25–35-induced neuronal damage. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:3765-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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6
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Pandey SK, Guttormsen Y, Haug BE, Hedberg C, Bayer A. A Concise Total Synthesis of Breitfussin A and B. Org Lett 2014; 17:122-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol503348n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Pandey
- University of Bergen, Department of Chemistry and Centre
for Pharmacy, Allégt
41, NO-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Yngve Guttormsen
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Department of Chemistry, Breivika, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Bengt Erik Haug
- University of Bergen, Department of Chemistry and Centre
for Pharmacy, Allégt
41, NO-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Christian Hedberg
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Physiology, Department for
Chemical Biology, DE-44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Umeå University, Department of Chemistry, S-90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Annette Bayer
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Department of Chemistry, Breivika, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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7
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Acidic biphenyl derivatives: Synthesis and biological activity of a new series of potent 5-HT4 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:7134-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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8
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Brudeli B, Moltzau LR, Nguyen CHT, Andressen KW, Nilsen NO, Levy FO, Klaveness J. Synthesis and pharmacological properties of a new hydrophilic and orally bioavailable 5-HT4 antagonist. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 64:629-37. [PMID: 23711770 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
5-HT4 receptor antagonists have been suggested to have clinical potential in treatment of atrial fibrillation, diarrhea-prone irritable bowel syndrome and urinary incontinence. Recently, the use of 5-HT4 antagonists has been suggested to have a therapeutic benefit in heart failure. Affinity for the hERG potassium ion channel and increased risk for prolonged QT intervals and arrhythmias has been observed for several 5-HT4 ligands. Serotonin may also have beneficial effects in the central nervous system (CNS) through stimulation of the 5-HT4 receptor, and reduced distribution of 5-HT4 antagonists to the CNS may therefore be an advantage. Replacing the amide and N-butyl side chain of the 5-HT4 receptor antagonist SB207266 with an ester and a benzyl dimethyl acetic acid group led to compound 9; a hydrophilic 5-HT4 antagonist with excellent receptor binding and low affinity for the hERG potassium ion channel. To increase oral bioavailability of carboxylic acid 9, two different prodrug approaches were applied. The tert-butyl prodrug 11 did not improve bioavailability, and LC-MS analysis revealed unmetabolized prodrug in the systemic circulation. The medoxomil ester prodrug 10 showed complete conversion and sufficient bioavailability of 9 to advance into further preclinical testing for treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjarne Brudeli
- Drug Discovery Laboratory AS, Oslo Innovation Center, N-0349 Oslo, Norway
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9
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Ram RN, Soni VK, Gupta DK. Organocatalytic selective benzoylation of alcohols with trichloromethyl phenyl ketone: inverse selectivity in benzoylation of alcohols containing phenol or aromatic amine functionality. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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10
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Xia Z, Wang K, Zheng J, Ma Z, Jiang Z, Wang X, Lv X. Copper-catalyzed domino intramolecular cyclization: a facile and efficient approach to polycyclic indole derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:1602-11. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob06488f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Suzdalev KF, Den’kina SV, Borodkin GS, Tkachev VV, Kiskin MA, Kletsky ME, Burov ON. Reaction of 2-chloroindole-3-carbaldehyde with epihalogenohydrins. Tandem oxirane-opening—1,3-oxazole-closure process. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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12
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Conformationally constrained farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonists: Alternative replacements of the stilbene. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:6154-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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13
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Salas CO, Tapia RA, Prieto Y. 6,9-Dimeth-oxy-3,4-dihydro-1H-1,4-oxazino[4,3-a]indol-1-one. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2011; 67:o318. [PMID: 21523004 PMCID: PMC3051655 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536811000249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The title compound, C13H13NO4, is one cyclization product of the reaction of ethyl 1-(2-bromoethyl)-4,7-dimethoxy-1H-indole-2-carboxylate with sodium azide in refluxing dioxane and was synthesized with the aim of finding new compounds with biological properties. Bond lengths and angles are within the expected values and confirm the bond orders giving in the scheme. The shortest contacts between molecules are set along the a axis, where stacked molecules related by an inversion center form an ABAB array through π–π stacking interactions with centroid–centroid distances ranging from 3.922 (2) to 4.396 (2) Å. Weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds further stabilize the structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian O Salas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 702843 Santiago de Chile, Chile
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14
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Brudeli B, Moltzau LR, Andressen KW, Krobert KA, Klaveness J, Levy FO. Synthesis and pharmacological properties of novel hydrophilic 5-HT4 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:8600-13. [PMID: 21075638 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2009] [Revised: 09/22/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is an important signalling molecule in the human body. The 5-HT(4) serotonin receptor, coupled to the G protein G(s), plays important physiological and pathophysiological roles in the heart, urinary bladder, gastrointestinal tract and the adrenal gland. Both 5-HT(4) antagonists and agonists have been developed in the aim to treat diseases in these organs. 5-HT(4) agonists might have beneficial effects in the central nervous system (CNS) and therefore, 5-HT(4) antagonists might cause CNS side effects. In this study, we have developed new amphoteric 5-HT(4) antagonists. A series of cyclic indole amide derivatives possessing an oxazine ring and a piperidine alkane carboxylic acid side chain and the corresponding prodrug esters were synthesized and their binding to 5-HT(4) receptors and antagonist properties were evaluated. In addition, an indole ester without the oxazine ring and the corresponding indole amide derivatives were also tested. Octanol-water distribution (LogD(Oct7.4)) was tested for some of the synthesized ligands. The main structure-affinity characteristics of the 5-HT(4) compounds tested were that the prodrug esters show higher affinity than their corresponding free acids, indole esters show higher affinity than the corresponding amides and ligands containing the oxazine ring in the indole skeleton show higher affinity than indole derivatives not containing the ring. One representative prodrug ester and its corresponding free acid were tested for binding on a panel of receptors and showed preserved selectivity for the 5-HT(4) receptor. These new molecules may be useful to target peripheral 5-HT(4) receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjarne Brudeli
- Drug Discovery Laboratory AS, Oslo Research Park, Oslo, Norway
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Renault N, Gohier A, Chavatte P, Farce A. Novel structural insights for drug design of selective 5-HT(2C) inverse agonists from a ligand-biased receptor model. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 45:5086-99. [PMID: 20880612 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 08/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Structure-based design of compounds targeting monoamine receptors, within the class-A G-protein coupled receptors, has been enriched by the recent crystallization of the β1 and β2 adrenoceptors. On the basis of ligand-biased homology modeling and docking-scoring calculations, a ritanserin-biased 5-HT(2C) receptor model has been built and used in a highly efficient virtual screening protocol to discriminate specifically 5-HT(2C) inverse agonists in a fuzzy dataset including hundreds of compounds with known experimental values of 5-HT(2C) affinity and activity. The resulting fingerprint of interaction displays hotspots in the third transmembrane α-helix and the second extracellular loop selectively bound by most 5-HT(2C) inverse agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Renault
- Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique, EA GRIIOT, Université Nord de France, 3 rue du Professeur Laguesse, BP 83, 59006 Lille Cedex, France
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17
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Cai TB, Zou Z, Thomas JB, Brieaddy L, Navarro HA, Carroll FI. Synthesis and in vitro opioid receptor functional antagonism of analogues of the selective kappa opioid receptor antagonist (3R)-7-hydroxy-N-((1S)-1-{[(3R,4R)-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dimethyl-1-piperidinyl]methyl}-2-methylpropyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3-isoquinolinecarboxamide (JDTic). J Med Chem 2008; 51:1849-60. [PMID: 18307295 DOI: 10.1021/jm701344b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In previous structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies, we identified (3 R)-7-hydroxy- N-((1 S)-1-{[(3 R,4 R)-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dimethyl-1-piperidinyl]methyl}-2-methylpropyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3-isoquinolinecarboxamide (JDTic, 1) as the first potent and selective kappa opioid receptor antagonist from the trans-3,4-dimethyl-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)piperidine class of opioid antagonist. In the present study, we report the synthesis and in vitro opioid receptor functional antagonism of a number of analogues of 1 using a [ (35) S]GTPgammaS binding assay. The results from the studies better define the pharmacophore for this class of kappa opioid receptor antagonist and has identified new potent and selective kappa antagonist. (3 R)-7-Hydroxy- N-[(1 S,2 S)-1-{[(3 R,4 R)-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dimethylpiperidin-1-yl]methyl}-2-methylbutyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxamide ( 3) with a K e value of 0.03 nM at the kappa receptor and 100- and 793-fold selectivity relative to the mu and delta receptors was the most potent and selective kappa opioid receptor antagonist identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingwei Bill Cai
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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Bao B, Zhang P, Lee Y, Hong J, Lee CO, Jung JH. Monoindole alkaloids from a marine sponge Spongosorites sp. Mar Drugs 2007; 5:31-9. [PMID: 18463722 PMCID: PMC2365689 DOI: 10.3390/md502031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2007] [Accepted: 06/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven (1-7) monoindole derivatives were isolated from the MeOH extract of a marine sponge Spongosorites sp. by bioactivity-guided fractionation. The planar structures were established on the basis of NMR and MS spectroscopic analyses. Compounds 1-5 are unique indole pyruvic acid derivatives. Compounds 1-2 and 4-6 are isolated for the first time from a natural source although they were previously reported as synthetic intermediates. Compound 3 was defined as a new compound. Co-occurring bisindoles such as hamacanthins and topsentins might be biosynthesized by condensation of two units of these compounds. The compounds were tested for cytotoxicity against a panel of five human solid tumor cell lines, and compound 7 displayed weak activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoquan Bao
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
- College of Traditional Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao Inner Mongolia 028000, China; E-mail:
| | - Ping Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Yoonmi Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Jongki Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Chong-O. Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejon 305-343, Korea
| | - Jee H. Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
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Armstrong SR, McCullough JL, Beattie DT. Measurement of 5-HT4 receptor-mediated esophageal responses by digital sonomicrometry in the anesthetized rat. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2005; 53:198-205. [PMID: 16168678 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2005.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2005] [Accepted: 08/14/2005] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In vitro studies have demonstrated a 5-HT4 receptor-mediated relaxation of the pre-contracted rat esophagus. However, it is unclear whether 5-HT4 receptor agonists affect resting esophageal tone in vivo. The activity of 5-HT and several well-established 5-HT4 receptor agonists (tegaserod, BIMU-8, cisapride, renzapride, and mosapride) was investigated in a novel in vivo model designed to measure esophageal relaxation using the technique of digital sonomicrometry. METHODS Miniature piezo-electric crystals were implanted externally in a longitudinal orientation on the distal esophagus of isoflurane-anesthetized, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Measurement of the time for transmission of ultrasonic pulses between the implanted crystals provided a continuous recording of inter-crystal distance and hence esophageal muscle length. RESULTS Following cumulative intravenous administration, 5-HT (1-100 microg/kg), tegaserod (1-1000 microg/kg), BIMU-8 (3-3000 microg/kg), renzapride (10-3000 microg/kg), cisapride (30-3000 microg/kg), and mosapride (30-10,000 microg/kg) produced a dose-dependent increase in esophageal inter-crystal distance. The mean ED50 values for tegaserod, BIMU-8, renzapride, cisapride, and mosapride were 11, 49, 51, 141, and 1825 microg/kg, respectively. Pre-treatment with the selective 5-HT4 receptor antagonist, piboserod (SB-207266; 1 mg/kg subcutaneously) significantly attenuated the effects of intravenous tegaserod (1-1000 microg/kg). Following cumulative intraduodenal administration (0.03-10 mg/kg), tegaserod and mosapride exhibited a dose-dependent increase in esophageal inter-crystal distance. The doses associated with a 10% increase in muscle length from the resting level were 2.6 and>10 mg/kg for tegaserod and mosapride, respectively. DISCUSSION In conclusion, dose-dependent, 5-HT4 receptor agonist-mediated increases in longitudinal muscle length in the rat esophagus were observed in vivo using the technique of digital sonomicrometry. This in vivo model of esophageal activity may prove useful in evaluating the activity of novel 5-HT4 receptor agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott R Armstrong
- Pharmacology Laboratories, Theravance, Inc., 901 Gateway Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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