Solid-phase combinatorial synthesis and cytotoxicity of 3-aryl-2,4-quinazolindiones

Design and synthesis of novel ureido and thioureido conjugated hydrazone derivatives with potent anticancer activity

Background

Compounds possessing urea/thiourea moiety have a wide range of biological properties including anticancer activity. On the other hand, taking advantage of the low toxicity and structural diversity of hydrazone derivatives, they are presently being considered for designing chemical compounds with hydrazone moiety in the field of cancer treatment. With this in mind, a series of novel ureido/thioureido derivatives possessing a hydrazone moiety bearing nitro and chloro substituents (4a–4i) have been designed, synthesized, characterized and evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic effect on HT-29 human colon carcinoma and HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cell lines.

Results

Two compounds (4c and 4e) having the chloro phenylurea group hybridized with phenyl hydrazone bearing nitro or chloro moieties demonstrated potent anticancer effect with the IC₅₀ values between 2.2 and 4.8 µM at 72 h. The mechanism of action of compound 4c was revealed in hepatocellular carcinoma cells as an inducer of apoptosis in a caspase-independent pathway.

Conclusion

Taken together, the current work presented compound 4c as a potential lead compound in developing future hepatocellular carcinoma chemotherapy drugs.

Methods

The compounds were synthesized and then characterized by physical and spectral data (FT-IR, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, Mass). The anticancer activity was assessed using MTT assay, flowcytometry, annexin-V, DAPI staining and Western blot analysis.

Graphical Abstract

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13065-022-00873-3.

Discovery of Quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-Dione Derivatives as Potential Antibacterial Agent: Design, Synthesis, and Their Antibacterial Activity

In this paper, we report on the design and synthesis of a novel series of quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione derivatives as fluoroquinolone-like inhibitors of bacterial gyrase and DNA topoisomerase IV to identify and develop antimicrobial agents to prevent bacterial resistance problems. Their structures were confirmed using spectroscopic analyses (IR, NMR, and EI-MS). The novel quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione derivatives were evaluated for their antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains using the Agar well diffusion method to study the antimicrobial activities and compared them with the standard drugs. Most compounds displayed moderate activity. Among the tested compounds, the most promising compounds 13 and 15 provided broad bioactive spectrum against Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains compared to the standard drugs.

A Concise and Efficient CuI-catalyzed Synthesis of Diimino Dihydroquinazoline Derivatives from Isocyanides and Guanidines Derivatives Through Intramolecular C-H Activation

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A novel series of diimino dihydroquinazoline derivatives were synthesized from isocyanides and guanidine analogs in quantitative yields by applying an efficient, inexpensive, one-pot copper-catalyzed intramolecular C-H activation reaction under mild conditions. The structures were confirmed on the basis of IR, 1HNMR, 13C NMR, mass spectral and elemental analysis data. The protocol offers advantages like short reaction time, simple workup process, high yields, and an environmentally benign methodology. Interestingly, better results (yield = 82%) were observed in terms of the yield obtained by using a mixture of CuI, Cs2CO3 and acetonitrile as the catalyst, base and solvent, respectively. The data also suggested that compound 5i is produced with the highest yield (87%) from the corresponding diisopropyl carbon diimide, 4-nitroaniline and phenyl isocyanide. Finally, a mechanistic explanation for the reaction promoted by cuprous iodide (CuI) was proposed on the basis of previous investigations and our experimental observations.

Selenium-Catalyzed Carbonylative Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydroquinazolin-2(1H)-one Derivatives with TFBen as the CO Source

An efficient and general carbonylative procedure for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2(1H)-one from 1-(halomethyl)-2-nitrobenzenes and aryl/alkyl amines have been explored. In this approach, to avoid of using toxic CO gas, a solid and stable CO precursor, TFBen (benzene-1,3,5-triyl triformate), was utilized. With elemental selenium as the catalyst, a variety of aryl/alkyl amines has been tolerated well to afford the corresponding 3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2(1H)-one products in moderate to excellent yields under mild reaction condition.

Design, Synthesis and Anticancer Evaluation of Novel Quinazoline-Sulfonamide Hybrids

By combining the structural features of quinazoline and sulfonamides, novel hybrid compounds 2–21 were synthesized using a simple and convenient method. Evaluation of these compounds against different cell lines identified compounds 7 and 17 as most active anticancer agents as they showed effectiveness on the four tested cell lines. The anticancer screening results of the tested compounds provides an encouraging framework that could lead to the development of potent new anticancer agents.

Magnetic base catalysts for the chemical fixation of carbon dioxide to quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-diones

TBD-functionalized Fe₃O₄ was proven to be an efficient and recyclable magnetic heterogeneous catalyst for the chemical fixation of CO₂ with 2-aminobenzonitriles under mild conditions.

Synthesis and in vitro antitumor evaluation of primary amine substituted quinazoline linked benzimidazole

By combining the structural features of quinazoline and benzimidazole, new hybrid regioisomeric molecules with substituted primary amines have been synthesized. Evaluation of these molecules over 60 cancer cell line panel has identified three molecules as most potent anticancer agents. Compound 10 showed ten and eleven folds more activity than respective quinazoline and benzimidazole class of compounds with GI50 value of 1.64 μM. Compound 11 (GI50 value of 0.81 μM) showed almost twenty and twenty-two fold more activity than quinazoline and benzimidazole analogue, respectively while compound 12 (GI50 value of 4.52 μM) has four fold more activity than quinazoline and benzimidazole analogue. In vitro evaluation of compound 11 exhibited remarkable anticancer activity towards colon cancer cell lines and prostate cancer cell lines at five dose concentrations with GI50 values of 0.34 and 0.31 μM, respectively.

Platycodon grandiflorum modifies adipokines and the glucose uptake in high-fat diet in mice and L6 muscle cells

OBJECTIVES

Obesity and diabetes have become the most common human health problems worldwide. Obesity's contribution to type 2 diabetes might be due to dysregulation of adipokines and glucose uptake.

METHODS

In this study, we performed in-vivo and in-vitro studies to evaluate the effects of Platycodon grandiflorum extract (PGE) on adipokines and glucose uptake. Before study, platycodin D concentrations were analysed by HPLC in PGE prepared in water, in 50% ethanol and in 80% ethanol, and we selected the 80% ethanol extract as the PGE for this study based on the HPLC results.

KEY FINDINGS

We found that inclusion of PGE in the high-fat diet (HFD) markedly attenuated food intake, body weight, epididymal fat weight, adipocyte size and blood glucose levels by the oral glucose tolerance test in mice, and maintained serum levels of adiponectin, resistin, leptin, fructosamine and triglycerides. Gene expression analysis revealed that PGE up-regulated adiponectin, and down-regulated TNF-α and leptin in fat tissue. In L6 muscle cells in vitro, PGE increased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake.

CONCLUSIONS

  We conclude that PGE may improve obesity in mice fed an HFD and glucose uptake in L6 muscle cells by modifying adipokines, and could offer clinical benefits as a supplement to treat obesity and diabetes.

Synthesis and cytotoxicity of 2-phenylquinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives

Thirty 2-phenylquinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives were prepared and their cytotoxic activities were tested in five human tumor cell lines. Some compounds (5e, 5k, 5t, 6c and 6f) showed relatively high cytotoxic activity. Especially, compound 6c showed the most cytotoxicity against all cell lines tested among the synthesized derivatives, and the inhibitory activity of 6c against HeLa cell was higher than that of adriamycin. The putative mechanism of antitumor action in apoptotic cell death was cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase by compounds 5k, 5v, 5m, 6c, and 6f in HeLa cells. These compounds showed relatively high cytotoxicity in this cell type.

Synthesis and in vitro antitumor activity of substituted quinazoline and quinoxaline derivatives: search for anticancer agent

The synthesis of some 2-furano-4(3H)-quinazolinones, diamides (open ring quinazolines), quinoxalines and their biological evaluation as antitumor agents using National Cancer Institute (NCI) disease oriented antitumor screen protocol are investigated. Among the synthesize compounds, seventeen compounds were granted NSC code and screened at National Cancer Institute (NCI), USA for anticancer activity at a single high dose (10(-5) M) in full NCI 60 cell panel. Among the selected compounds, 3-(2-chloro benzylideneamine)-2-(furan-2-yl) quinazoline-4(3h)-one 21 was found to be the most active candidate of the series at five dose level screening against Ovarian OVCAR-4 and Non-small cell lung cancer NCI-H522 with GI50 1.82 & 2.14 μM respectively. Rational approach and QSAR techniques enabled the understanding of the pharmacophoric requirement for quinazoline, diamides and quinoxaline derivatives.

Synthesis of 3-N-sugar-substituted-2, 4(1H,3H)-quinazolinedionesas anti-angiogenesis agents

A series of novel 3-N-sugar-substituted quinazolinediones were synthesized through the cyclization of the intermediate 2-aminobenzamides using triphosgene as the condensing reagent. Their anti-angiogenesis activities were investigated. The compound 3-(2'-aminoglucosyl)-2,4-(1H,3H)-quinazolinedione, (5d) showed good anti-angiogenesis activity.

Rational design of substituted diarylureas: a scaffold for binding to G-quadruplex motifs

The design and synthesis of a series of urea-based nonpolycyclic aromatic ligands with alkylaminoanilino side chains as telomeric and genomic G-quadruplex DNA interacting agents are described. Their interactions with quadruplexes have been examined by means of fluorescent resonance energy transfer melting, circular dichroism, and surface plasmon resonance-based assays. These validate the design concept for such urea-based ligands and also show that they have significant selectivity over duplex DNA, as well as for particular G-quadruplexes. The ligand-quadruplex complexes were investigated by computational molecular modeling, providing further information on structure-activity relationships. Preliminary biological studies using short-term cell growth inhibition assays show that some of the ligands have cancer cell selectivity, although they appear to have low potency for intracellular telomeric G-quadruplex structures, suggesting that their cellular targets may be other, possibly oncogene-related quadruplexes.