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Maestro MA, Seoane S. The Centennial Collection of VDR Ligands: Metabolites, Analogs, Hybrids and Non-Secosteroidal Ligands. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224927. [PMID: 36432615 PMCID: PMC9692999 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of vitamin D a century ago, a great number of metabolites, analogs, hybrids and nonsteroidal VDR ligands have been developed. An enormous effort has been made to synthesize compounds which present beneficial properties while attaining lower calcium serum levels than calcitriol. This structural review covers VDR ligands published to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Maestro
- Department of Chemistry-CICA, University of A Coruña, Campus da Zapateira, s/n, 15008 A Coruña, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Samuel Seoane
- Department of Physiology-CIMUS, University of Santiago, Campus Vida, 15005 Santiago, Spain
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2
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Huang G, Guillot R, Kouklovsky C, Maryasin B, de la Torre A. Diastereo- and Enantioselective Inverse-Electron-Demand Diels-Alder Cycloaddition between 2-Pyrones and Acyclic Enol Ethers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208185. [PMID: 36040131 PMCID: PMC9826153 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A broadly applicable diastereo- and enantioselective inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder reaction of 2-pyrones and acyclic enol ethers is reported herein. Using a copper(II)-BOX catalytic system, bridged bicyclic lactones are obtained in very high yields (up to 99 % yield) and enantioselectivities (up to 99 % ee) from diversely substituted 2-pyrones and acyclic enol ethers. Mechanistic experiments as well as DFT calculations indicate the occurrence of a stepwise mechanism. The synthetic potential of the bridged bicyclic lactones is showcased by the enantioselective synthesis of polyfunctional cyclohexenes and cyclohexadienes, as well as a carbasugar unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghao Huang
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO)Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS15, rue Georges Clémenceau91405Orsay CedexFrance
| | - Régis Guillot
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO)Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS15, rue Georges Clémenceau91405Orsay CedexFrance
| | - Cyrille Kouklovsky
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO)Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS15, rue Georges Clémenceau91405Orsay CedexFrance
| | - Boris Maryasin
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Straße 381090ViennaAustria,Institute of Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Straße 171090ViennaAustria
| | - Aurélien de la Torre
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO)Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS15, rue Georges Clémenceau91405Orsay CedexFrance
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3
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Huang G, Guillot R, Kouklovsky C, Maryasin B, de la Torre A. Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Inverse‐Electron‐Demand Diels‐Alder Cycloaddition between 2‐Pyrones and Acyclic Enol Ethers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guanghao Huang
- ICMMO: Institut de Chimie Moleculaire et des Materiaux d'Orsay MSMT FRANCE
| | - Régis Guillot
- ICMMO: Institut de Chimie Moleculaire et des Materiaux d'Orsay SC FRANCE
| | - Cyrille Kouklovsky
- ICMMO: Institut de Chimie Moleculaire et des Materiaux d'Orsay MSMT FRANCE
| | - Boris Maryasin
- Universität Wien: Universitat Wien Organic Chemistry and Computational Chemistry FRANCE
| | - Aurélien de la Torre
- Institut de Chimie Moleculaire et des Materiaux d'Orsay MSMT 420 rue du Doyen Georges Poitou 91405 Orsay FRANCE
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4
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Kawagoe F, Mototani S, Kittaka A. Design and Synthesis of Fluoro Analogues of Vitamin D. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158191. [PMID: 34360956 PMCID: PMC8348876 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of a large variety of functions of vitamin D3 and its metabolites has led to the design and synthesis of a vast amount of vitamin D3 analogues in order to increase the potency and reduce toxicity. The introduction of highly electronegative fluorine atom(s) into vitamin D3 skeletons alters their physical and chemical properties. To date, many fluorinated vitamin D3 analogues have been designed and synthesized. This review summarizes the molecular structures of fluoro-containing vitamin D3 analogues and their synthetic methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Atsushi Kittaka
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3964-8109; Fax: +81-3-3964-8117
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5
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Huang G, Kouklovsky C, Torre A. Inverse‐Electron‐Demand Diels–Alder Reactions of 2‐Pyrones: Bridged Lactones and Beyond. Chemistry 2021; 27:4760-4788. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guanghao Huang
- Université Paris-Saclay CNRS Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) 15, rue Georges Clémenceau 91405 Orsay Cedex France
| | - Cyrille Kouklovsky
- Université Paris-Saclay CNRS Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) 15, rue Georges Clémenceau 91405 Orsay Cedex France
| | - Aurélien Torre
- Université Paris-Saclay CNRS Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) 15, rue Georges Clémenceau 91405 Orsay Cedex France
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Roos
- Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Institut für Organische Chemie Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Martin E. Maier
- Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Institut für Organische Chemie Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
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7
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Prendergast AM, McGlacken GP. Transition Metal Mediated C-H Activation of 2-Pyrones, 2-Pyridones, 2-Coumarins and 2-Quinolones. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aisling M. Prendergast
- School of Chemistry and Analytical & Biological Chemistry Research Facility (ABCRF); University College Cork; Cork Ireland
| | - Gerard P. McGlacken
- School of Chemistry and Analytical & Biological Chemistry Research Facility (ABCRF); University College Cork; Cork Ireland
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8
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Prendergast AM, Pardo LM, Fairlamb IJS, McGlacken GP. Access to Some C5-Cyclised 2-Pyrones and 2-Pyridones via Direct Arylation; Retention of Chloride as a Synthetic Handle. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aisling M. Prendergast
- School of Chemistry and Analytical & Biological Chemistry Research Facility; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
| | - Leticia M. Pardo
- School of Chemistry and Analytical & Biological Chemistry Research Facility; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
| | - Ian J. S. Fairlamb
- Department of Chemistry; University of York; YO10 5DD York United Kingdom
| | - Gerard P. McGlacken
- School of Chemistry and Analytical & Biological Chemistry Research Facility; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
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9
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Prendergast AM, McGlacken GP. Regioselective Chlorination and Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling of 4-Alkoxycoumarins, 4-Alkoxy-2-pyrones, and Related Heterocycles. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aisling M. Prendergast
- Analytical and Biological Research Facility (ABCRF); University College Cork; Cork Ireland
| | - Gerard P. McGlacken
- Analytical and Biological Research Facility (ABCRF); University College Cork; Cork Ireland
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10
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Zhang B, Zhang X. Pd-catalyzed gem-difluoroallylation of arylboronic acids with γ,γ-difluoroallylic acetates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:1238-41. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc08394j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A highly regio- and stereo-selective palladium-catalyzed gem-difluoroallylation of arylboronic acids with γ,γ-difluoroallylic acetates has been described. The method allows the synthesis of a variety of gem-difluoroallylated arenes with a tosyloxy group on the CC double bond, thus providing a good opportunity for down-stream transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Xingang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
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11
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Flores A, Massarelli I, Thoden JB, Plum LA, DeLuca HF. A Methylene Group on C-2 of 24,24-Difluoro-19-nor-1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 Markedly Increases Bone Calcium Mobilization in Vivo. J Med Chem 2015; 58:9731-41. [PMID: 26630444 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Four side chain fluorinated analogues of 1α,25-dihydroxy-19-norvitamin D have been prepared in convergent syntheses using the Wittig-Horner reaction as a key step. Structures and absolute configurations of analogues 3 and 5 were confirmed by X-ray crystallography. All analogues showed high potency in HL-60 cell differentiation and vitamin D-24-hydroxylase (24-OHase) transcription as compared to 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1). Most important is that all of the 20S-configured derivatives (4 and 6) had high bone mobilizing activity in vivo. However, in the 20R series, a 2-methylene group was required for high bone mobilizing activity. A change in positioning of the 20R molecule in the vitamin D receptor when the 2-methylene group is present may provide new insight into the molecular basis of bone calcium mobilization induced by vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Flores
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 433 Babcock Drive, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1544, United States
| | - Ilaria Massarelli
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali , Via Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - James B Thoden
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 433 Babcock Drive, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1544, United States
| | - Lori A Plum
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 433 Babcock Drive, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1544, United States
| | - Hector F DeLuca
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 433 Babcock Drive, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1544, United States
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12
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Nolan MT, Pardo LM, Prendergast AM, McGlacken GP. Intramolecular Direct Arylation of 3-Halo-2-pyrones and 2-Coumarins. J Org Chem 2015; 80:10904-13. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-T. Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and
Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Leticia M. Pardo
- Department of Chemistry and
Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Aisling M. Prendergast
- Department of Chemistry and
Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard P. McGlacken
- Department of Chemistry and
Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland
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13
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Pardo LM, Prendergast AM, Nolan MT, Ó Muimhneacháin E, McGlacken GP. Pd/Pivalic Acid Mediated Direct Arylation of 2-Pyrones and Related Heterocycles. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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14
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Manful CF, Donaldson WA. Preparation of Cyclohexenones from Acyclic (Pentadienyl)iron(1+) Cations: Synthetic Studies Directed toward the A-Ring of Dihydrotachysterols. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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15
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Zhang CF, Wan RZ, Liu ZP. Recent developments of 19-nor-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 analogues. ChemMedChem 2013; 8:1249-60. [PMID: 23788554 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The vitamin D hormone, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2 D3 ], exerts its hormonal effects predominantly on intestine, bone, and kidney, where it plays a crucial role in calcium and phosphorus homeostasis and bone mineralization. In addition to its classical actions, 1,25(OH)2 D3 exerts pleiotropic effects in a wide variety of target tissues and cell types, often in an autocrine/paracrine fashion. These biological activities of 1,25(OH)2 D3 have suggested a multitude of potential therapeutic applications for the vitamin D hormone in the treatment of hyperproliferative disorders (e.g. cancer and psoriasis), immune dysfunction (autoimmune diseases), and endocrine disorders (e.g. hyperparathyroidism). However, the calcemic effects induced by 1,25(OH)2 D3--hypercalcemia, increased bone resorption, and soft tissue calcification--limit the use of the natural ligand in these clinical applications. Therefore, numerous 1,25(OH)2 D3 analogues have been synthesized with the intent of producing therapeutic agents devoid of hypercalcemic and hyperphosphatemic side effects. To this aim, much attention has been focused on the development of 19-nor-vitamin D3 derivatives that lack the ring-A exocyclic methylene group (C19). In this review, the 19-nor-1,25(OH)2 D3 analogues are classified according to modifications made at the A-ring, the side chain, or both the A-ring and side chain, as well as other positions. The biological activities of these 19-nor-1,25(OH)2 D3 analogues are summarized and their structure-activity relationships and binding features with the vitamin D receptor (VDR) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can-Fei Zhang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44, West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, P.R. China
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16
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Chen Y, Ju T. Enantioselective Synthesis of A Key A-Ring Intermediate for the Preparation of 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3. Org Lett 2010; 13:86-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol102586w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Tong Ju
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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17
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Sawada D, Katayama T, Tsukuda Y, Saito N, Saito H, Takagi KI, Ochiai E, Ishizuka S, Takenouchi K, Kittaka A. Synthesis of 2α- and 2β-substituted-14-epi-previtamin D3 and their genomic activity. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Xu H, Posner GH, Stevenson M, Campbell FC. Apc(MIN) modulation of vitamin D secosteroid growth control. Carcinogenesis 2010; 31:1434-41. [PMID: 20488884 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgq098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A central paradox of vitamin D biology is that 1alpha,25-(OH)(2) D(3) exposure inversely relates to colorectal cancer (CRC) risk despite a capacity for activation of both pro- and anti-oncogenic mediators including osteopontin (OPN)/CD44 and E-cadherin, respectively. Most sporadic CRCs arise from adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene mutation but understanding of its effects on vitamin D growth control is limited. Here we investigate effects of the Apc(Min/+) genotype on 1alpha,25-(OH)(2) D(3) regulation of OPN/CD44/E-cadherin signalling and intestinal tumourigenesis, in vivo. In untreated Apc(Min/+) versus Apc(+/+) intestines, expression levels of OPN and its CD44 receptor were increased, whereas E-cadherin tumour suppressor signalling was attenuated. Treatment by 1alpha,25-(OH)(2) D(3) or rationally designed analogues (QW or BTW) enhanced OPN but inhibited expression of CD44, the OPN receptor implicated in cell growth. These treatments also enhanced E-cadherin tumour suppressor activity, characterized by inhibition of beta-catenin nuclear localization, T-cell factor 1 and c-myelocytomatosis protein expression in Apc(Min/+) intestine. All secosteroids suppressed Apc(Min/+)-driven tumourigenesis although QW and BTW had lower calcium-related toxicity. Taken together, these data indicate that the Apc(Min/+) genotype modulates vitamin D secosteroid actions to promote functional predominance of E-cadherin tumour suppressor activity within antagonistic molecular networks. APC heterozygosity may promote favourable tissue- or tumour-specific conditions for growth control by vitamin D secosteroid treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Xu
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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19
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Wu W, He S, Zhou X, Lee CS. Diels-Alder Cycloadditions of 5-Hydroxy-2-pyrones: 2H-Pyran-2,5-diones and 5-(tert-Butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-pyrones as Synthons. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200901040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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20
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Xu H, McCann M, Zhang Z, Posner GH, Bingham V, El-Tanani M, Campbell FC. Vitamin D receptor modulates the neoplastic phenotype through antagonistic growth regulatory signals. Mol Carcinog 2009; 48:758-72. [PMID: 19184984 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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22
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Crowell JA. The chemopreventive agent development research program in the Division of Cancer Prevention of the US National Cancer Institute: an overview. Eur J Cancer 2005; 41:1889-910. [PMID: 16005206 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2005.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2005] [Accepted: 04/25/2005] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemoprevention is an innovative area of cancer research that focuses on the development of pharmacological, biological, and nutritional interventions to prevent, reverse, or delay carcinogenesis. Over the past two decades the Division of Cancer Prevention of the US National Cancer Institute has organized a research and development program to provide resources and infrastructure to the research community for the clinical evaluation of potential cancer preventive agents. This program now encompasses preclinical agent and molecular target identification, in vitro and in vivo screening, efficacy and intermediate endpoint testing, pharmacology and toxicology assessments, and finally chemical synthesis and manufacturing leading to Investigational New Drug applications and clinical studies. In this review, examples of agents currently in development, preclinical testing models, and phase 1 and 2 clinical studies are described. Continued commitment to cancer prevention will significantly reduce the economic and medical burden of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Crowell
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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23
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Posner GH, Lee SHT, Kim HJ, Peleg S, Dolan P, Kensler TW. Novel A-ring analogs of the hormone 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3: synthesis and preliminary biological evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:2959-66. [PMID: 15781405 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2004] [Revised: 02/03/2005] [Accepted: 02/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Prepared from a commercial prostaglandin building block, novel vitamin D3 analogs with a contracted five-membered A-ring were designed and synthesized to mimic the A-ring diol structure of the natural hormone 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Prepared from commercial 1,4-cyclohexanedione, a structurally simplified analog was designed and synthesized in which a suitably oriented primary allylic hydroxyl group at the C-2 position might be a surrogate for the biologically important 1alpha-OH in the natural hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary H Posner
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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24
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Shimizu M, Iwasaki Y, Shimazaki M, Amano Y, Yamamoto K, Reischl W, Yamada S. New derivatives of 1α,25-dihydroxy-19-norvitamin D3 with two substituents at C-2: synthesis and biological activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:1451-5. [PMID: 15713405 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.12.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2004] [Accepted: 12/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To examine the effect of 2,2-disubstitution on the biological activities of 19-norvitamin D analogs, novel 2,2-disubstituted-(20R)- and (20S)-1alpha,25-dihydroxy-19-norvitamin D3 analogs were prepared and their biological activities were studied. All the synthesized analogs possessing hydrophobic 2alpha-substituents were more active than the corresponding 2beta-isomers both in binding to the vitamin D receptor and in activating gene transcription. The 2alpha-methyl-2beta-hydroxy analog 9b was found to have markedly higher transcriptional activity (32-fold) than the natural ligand 1a, although the two had the same binding affinity to the vitamin D receptor. To our knowledge, this analog is among the most potent of 19-norvitamin D analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Shimizu
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Biomedical Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
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