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Nakagawa R, Tateishi H, Radwan MO, Chinen T, Ciftci H, Iwamaru K, Baba N, Tominaga Y, Koga R, Toma T, Inoue JI, Umezawa K, Fujita M, Otsuka M. A New 1,2-Naphthoquinone Derivative with Anti-lung Cancer Activity. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2022; 70:477-482. [PMID: 35786566 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c21-01087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
1,2-Naphthoquinone (2-NQ) is a nucleophile acceptor that non-selectively makes covalent bonds with cysteine residues in various cellular proteins, and is also found in diesel exhaust, an air pollutant. This molecule has rarely been considered as a pharmacophore of bioactive compounds, in contrast to 1,4-naphthoquinone. We herein designed and synthesized a compound named N-(7,8-dioxo-7,8-dihydronaphthalen-1-yl)-2-methoxybenzamide (MBNQ), in which 2-NQ was hybridized with the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibitor dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin (DHMEQ) as a nucleophile acceptor. Although 50 µM MBNQ did not inhibit NF-κB signaling, 10 µM MBNQ induced cell death in the lung cancer cell line A549, which was insensitive to 2-NQ (10 µM). In contrast, MBNQ was less toxic in normal lung cells than 2-NQ. A mechanistic study showed that MBNQ mainly induced apoptosis, presumably via the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Collectively, the present results demonstrate that the introduction of an appropriate substituent into 2-NQ constitutes a new biologically active entity, which will lead to the development of 2-NQ-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riko Nakagawa
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Hiroshi Tateishi
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Mohamed O Radwan
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University.,Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre
| | - Takuma Chinen
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Halilibrahim Ciftci
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University.,Department of Drug Discovery, Science Farm Ltd
| | - Kana Iwamaru
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Nanami Baba
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Yuna Tominaga
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Ryoko Koga
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Tsugumasa Toma
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Jun-Ichiro Inoue
- Research Platform Office, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo
| | - Kazuo Umezawa
- Department of Molecular Target Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Mikako Fujita
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Masami Otsuka
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University.,Department of Drug Discovery, Science Farm Ltd
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Inhibition of Cellular and Animal Inflammatory Disease Models by NF-κB Inhibitor DHMEQ. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092271. [PMID: 34571920 PMCID: PMC8466912 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
General inflammatory diseases include skin inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases, sepsis, arteriosclerosis, and asthma. Although these diseases have been extensively studied, most of them are still difficult to treat. Meanwhile, NF-κB is a transcription factor promoting the expression of many inflammatory mediators. NF-κB is likely to be involved in the mechanism of most inflammatory diseases. We discovered a specific NF-κB inhibitor, dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin (DHMEQ), about 20 years ago by molecular design from a natural product. It directly binds to and inactivates NF-κB components. It has been widely used to suppress cellular and animal inflammatory disease models and was shown to be potent in vivo anti-inflammatory activity without any toxicity. We have prepared ointment of DHMEQ for the treatment of severe skin inflammation. It inhibited inflammatory cytokine expressions and lowered the clinical score in mouse models of atopic dermatitis. Intraperitoneal (IP) administration of DHMEQ ameliorated various disease models of inflammation, such as rheumatoid arthritis, sepsis, and also graft rejection. It has been suggested that inflammatory cells in the peritoneal cavity would be important for most peripheral inflammation. In the present review, we describe the synthesis, mechanism of action, and cellular and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities and discuss the clinical use of DHMEQ for inflammatory diseases.
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Sidthipong K, Ma J, Yu WL, Wang YF, Kobayashi S, Kishino S, Koide N, Yokochi T, Kato K, Okada S, Umezawa K. Rational design, synthesis and in vitro evaluation of novel exo-methylene butyrolactone salicyloylamide as NF-κB inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 27:562-566. [PMID: 28003138 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
(-)-Dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin ((-)-DHMEQ, 1) is a specific inhibitor of NF-κB. It binds to SH group in the specific cysteine residue of NF-κB components with its epoxide moiety to inhibit DNA binding. In the present research, we have designed and synthesized an epoxide-free analog called (S)-β-salicyloylamino-α-exo-methylene-ƴ-butyrolactone (SEMBL, 3). SEMBL inhibited DNA binding of NF-κB component p65 in vitro. It inhibited LPS-induced NF-κB activation, iNOS expression, and inflammatory cytokine secretions. It also inhibited NF-κB and cellular invasion in ovarian carcinoma ES-2 cells. Moreover, its stability in aqueous solution was greatly enhanced compared with (-)-DHMEQ. Thus, SEMBL has a potential to be a candidate for a new anti-inflammatory and anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kulrawee Sidthipong
- Department of Molecular Target Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazako-Karimata, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
| | - Jun Ma
- Shenzhen Wanhe Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hi-tech Industrial Park, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Lin Yu
- Shenzhen Wanhe Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hi-tech Industrial Park, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Feng Wang
- Shenzhen Wanhe Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hi-tech Industrial Park, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Susumu Kobayashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kishino
- Department of Medication Use Analysis and Clinical Research, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-0004, Japan
| | - Naoki Koide
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazako-Karimata, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
| | - Takashi Yokochi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazako-Karimata, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
| | - Kuniki Kato
- Department of Molecular Target Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazako-Karimata, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
| | - Shoshiro Okada
- Department of Pharmacology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazako-Karimata, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
| | - Kazuo Umezawa
- Department of Molecular Target Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazako-Karimata, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan.
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Kwak JH, Jung JK, Lee H. Nuclear factor-kappa B inhibitors; a patent review (2006-2010). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2012; 21:1897-910. [PMID: 22098320 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2011.638285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nuclear factor (NF)-κB, as transcription factor, is linked to the expression of various genes and plays an essential role in immune and inflammatory responses. Abnormal NF-κB signaling results in human diseases, such as immune disorders, inflammation and various cancers. Therefore, regulation of NF-κB may treat or improve the symptoms in human disorders. AREAS COVERED This review provides information on recent NF-κB inhibitor-related patents from 2006 to 2010. The patents are explained and categorized by mechanism. The reader will gain an understanding of NF-κB function and the structure and biological activity of recently developed NF-κB inhibitors that may be new drug candidates. EXPERT OPINION NF-κB plays an essential role in the human body and thus regulation of NF-κB is very important for the treatment of diseases. Furthermore, patented compounds and peptides are available as lead compounds in drug development studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hwan Kwak
- Chungbuk National University, College of Pharmacy, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
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Saitoh T, Takeiri M, Gotoh Y, Ishikawa Y, Umezawa K, Nishiyama S. Design and synthesis of biotinylated DHMEQ for direct identification of its target NF-κB components. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:6293-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.08.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Revised: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Direct Rel/NF-κB inhibitors: structural basis for mechanism of action. Future Med Chem 2011; 1:1683-707. [PMID: 21425986 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.09.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rel/NF-κB transcription factors have emerged as novel therapeutic targets for a variety of human diseases and pathological conditions, including inflammation, autoimmune diseases, cancer, ischemic injury, osteoporosis, transplant rejection and neurodegeneration. Several US FDA-approved drugs may, in part, attribute their therapeutic effects to the inhibition of the Rel/NF-κB pathway. Strategies for blocking the Rel/NF-κB signaling pathway have inspired the pharmaceutical industry to develop inhibitors for I-κB kinase, however, this article focuses instead on identifying natural compounds that directly target and inhibit DNA binding and transcription activity of Rel/NF-κB. These include compounds containing a quinone core, an α,β unsaturated carbonyl and a benzene diamine. By investigating the mechanisms of action of existing natural inhibitors, novel strategies and synthetic approaches can be devised that will facilitate the development of novel and selective Rel/NF-κB inhibitors with better safety profiles.
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Niitsu Y, Hakamata M, Goto Y, Higashi T, Shoji M, Sugai T, Umezawa K. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of (2R,3R,4R)-dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin (DHMEQ), a new activator of antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:4635-41. [PMID: 21541373 DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05205e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin (DHMEQ, 1a) is a specific and potent inhibitor of NF-κB, and it is now being developed as an anti-inflammatory and anticancer agent. While previously only the (2S,3S,4S)-form had been available from the racemate by using lipase-catalyzed enantioselective resolution, in the present study a new route for production of the (2R,3R,4R)-form was established by use of a chemoenzymatic approach. (1R*,2R*,3R*)-2,3-Epoxy-5-N-[(2-hydroxybenzoyl)amino]-4,4-dimethoxycyclohex-5-en-1-ol (2a) was hexanoylated on both secondary and phenolic hydroxy groups, and subjected to Burkholderia cepacia lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis. The reaction proceeded in a highly enantioselective manner (E >500) to give (1S,2S,3S)-2a in an enantiomerically pure state. Several chemical steps of transformation from the enzyme reaction product gave (2R,3R,4R)-DHMEQ (1a) without any loss of stereochemical purity. Moreover, we newly found that (2R,3R,4R)-DHMEQ activated Nrf2, which is a transcription factor that induces the expression of multiple antioxidant enzymes. It activated Nrf2 in a promoter reporter assay. It also increased the expression of target antioxidant proteins and cancelled ROS-induced cell death in a neuronal cell line. Thus, (2R,3R,4R)-DHMEQ was efficiently prepared by a newly designed route using lipase, and it may be useful as a new anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Niitsu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30, Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
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Hamada M, Niitsu Y, Hiraoka C, Kozawa I, Higashi T, Shoji M, Umezawa K, Sugai T. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of (2S,3S,4S)-form, the physiologically active stereoisomer of dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin (DHMEQ), a potent inhibitor on NF-κB. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Cardile V, Libra M, Caggia S, Frasca G, Umezawa K, Stivala F, Mazzarino MC, Bevelacqua Y, Coco M, Malaponte G. Dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin, a novel nuclear factor-κB inhibitor, prevents inflammatory injury induced by interferon-γ and histamine in NCTC 2544 keratinocytes. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2010; 37:679-83. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2010.05375.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kimura N, Miyakawa Y, Kohmura K, Umezawa K, Ikeda Y, Kizaki M. Targeting NF-κB and induction of apoptosis by novel NF-κB inhibitor dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin (DHMEQ) in Burkitt lymphoma cells. Leuk Res 2007; 31:1529-35. [PMID: 17466373 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2007.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2006] [Revised: 02/14/2007] [Accepted: 02/24/2007] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A new NF-kappaB inhibitor, dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin (DHMEQ), inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in human Burkitt lymphoma, HS-Sultan and Daudi cell lines. The activation of caspase-3 and the cleavage of caspase substrate PARP were observed after treatment with DHMEQ. The induction of apoptosis by DHMEQ was prevented by the pretreatment of Burkitt lymphoma cells with pan-caspase inhibitor, z-VAD-FMK. The expression of anti-apoptotic factors such as IAP-1 and XIAP was suppressed by DHMEQ. Phosphorylation of ERK and JNK was induced by DHMEQ. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that NF-kappaB might be an ideal target to develop for new anti-cancer drugs for Burkitt lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Kimura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Marco-Contelles J, Molina MT, Anjum S. Naturally occurring cyclohexane epoxides: sources, biological activities, and synthesis. Chem Rev 2005; 104:2857-99. [PMID: 15186183 DOI: 10.1021/cr980013j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José Marco-Contelles
- Laboratorio de Radicales Libres (IQOG, CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006-Madrid, Spain
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