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Guven O, Sever B, Başoğlu-Ünal F, Ece A, Tateishi H, Koga R, Radwan MO, Demir N, Can M, Dilsiz Aytemir M, Inoue JI, Otsuka M, Fujita M, Ciftci H, DeMirci H. Structural Characterization of TRAF6 N-Terminal for Therapeutic Uses and Computational Studies on New Derivatives. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1608. [PMID: 38004473 PMCID: PMC10674494 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors (TRAFs) are a protein family with a wide variety of roles and binding partners. Among them, TRAF6, a ubiquitin ligase, possesses unique receptor binding specificity and shows diverse functions in immune system regulation, cellular signaling, central nervous system, and tumor formation. TRAF6 consists of an N-terminal Really Interesting New Gene (RING) domain, multiple zinc fingers, and a C-terminal TRAF domain. TRAF6 is an important therapeutic target for various disorders and structural studies of this protein are crucial for the development of next-generation therapeutics. Here, we presented a TRAF6 N-terminal structure determined at the Turkish light source "Turkish DeLight" to be 3.2 Å resolution at cryogenic temperature (PDB ID: 8HZ2). This structure offers insight into the domain organization and zinc-binding, which are critical for protein function. Since the RING domain and the zinc fingers are key targets for TRAF6 therapeutics, structural insights are crucial for future research. Separately, we rationally designed numerous new compounds and performed molecular docking studies using this template (PDB ID:8HZ2). According to the results, 10 new compounds formed key interactions with essential residues and zinc ion in the N-terminal region of TRAF6. Molecular dynamic (MD) simulations were performed for 300 ns to evaluate the stability of three docked complexes (compounds 256, 322, and 489). Compounds 256 and 489 was found to possess favorable bindings with TRAF6. These new compounds also showed moderate to good pharmacokinetic profiles, making them potential future drug candidates as TRAF6 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omur Guven
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey;
| | - Belgin Sever
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (B.S.); (H.T.); (R.K.); (M.O.); (M.F.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir 26470, Turkey
| | - Faika Başoğlu-Ünal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, European University of Lefke, Northern Cyprus, TR-10, Mersin 99770, Turkey;
| | - Abdulilah Ece
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Biruni University, Istanbul 34015, Turkey;
| | - Hiroshi Tateishi
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (B.S.); (H.T.); (R.K.); (M.O.); (M.F.)
| | - Ryoko Koga
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (B.S.); (H.T.); (R.K.); (M.O.); (M.F.)
| | - Mohamed O. Radwan
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (B.S.); (H.T.); (R.K.); (M.O.); (M.F.)
| | - Nefise Demir
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir 35620, Turkey;
| | - Mustafa Can
- Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Engineering Sciences, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir 35620, Turkey;
| | - Mutlu Dilsiz Aytemir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, Izmir 35620, Turkey;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara 6100, Turkey
| | - Jun-ichiro Inoue
- Research Platform Office, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan;
| | - Masami Otsuka
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (B.S.); (H.T.); (R.K.); (M.O.); (M.F.)
- Department of Drug Discovery, Science Farm Ltd., Kumamoto 862-0976, Japan
| | - Mikako Fujita
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (B.S.); (H.T.); (R.K.); (M.O.); (M.F.)
| | - Halilibrahim Ciftci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey;
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (B.S.); (H.T.); (R.K.); (M.O.); (M.F.)
- Department of Drug Discovery, Science Farm Ltd., Kumamoto 862-0976, Japan
| | - Hasan DeMirci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey;
- Koc University Isbank Center for Infectious Diseases (KUISCID), Koc University, Istanbul 34010, Turkey
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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Radwan MO, Koga R, Hida T, Ejima T, Kanemaru Y, Tateishi H, Okamoto Y, Inoue JI, Fujita M, Otsuka M. Minimum structural requirements for inhibitors of the zinc finger protein TRAF6. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:2162-2167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ali TFS, Ciftci HI, Radwan MO, Koga R, Ohsugi T, Okiyama Y, Honma T, Nakata A, Ito A, Yoshida M, Fujita M, Otsuka M. New SIRT2 inhibitors: Histidine-based bleomycin spin-off. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:1767-1775. [PMID: 30885568 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bleomycin is considered to exert its antitumor activity via DNA cleavage mediated by activated oxygen generated from the iron complex in its chelator moiety. Spin-offs from this moiety, HPH-1Trt and HPH-2Trt, with anti-cancer activities were recently synthesized. In this paper, we developed inhibitors of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent deacetylase isoform 2 of Sirtuin protein (SIRT2), based on HPH-1Trt/HPH-2Trt, and aimed to generate new anti-cancer drugs. HPH-1Trt and HPH-2Trt had in vitro anti-SIRT2 inhibitory activity with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 5.5 and 8.8 μM, respectively. A structural portion of HPH-1Trt/HPH-2Trt, a tritylhistidine derivative TH-1, had stronger activity (IC50 = 1.7 μM), and thus, fourteen derivatives of TH-1 were synthesized. Among them, TH-3 had the strongest activity (IC50 = 1.3 μM). Selective binding of TH-3 in the pocket of SIRT2 protein was confirmed with a molecular docking study. Furthermore, TH-3 strongly lowered viability of the breast cancer cell line MCF7 with an IC50 of 0.71 μM. A structure-activity relationship study using cell lines suggested that the mechanism of TH-3 to suppress MCF7 cells involves not only SIRT2 inhibition, but also another function. This compound may be a new candidate anti-cancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha F S Ali
- Department of Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Halil I Ciftci
- Department of Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; Department of Drug Discovery, Science Farm Ltd., 1-7-30 Kuhonji, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0976, Japan
| | - Mohamed O Radwan
- Department of Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; Department of Drug Discovery, Science Farm Ltd., 1-7-30 Kuhonji, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0976, Japan; Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ryoko Koga
- Department of Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Takeo Ohsugi
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno-Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai-Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshio Okiyama
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Teruki Honma
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Akiko Nakata
- Seed Compounds Exploratory Unit for Drug Discovery Platform, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ito
- Chemical Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Minoru Yoshida
- Seed Compounds Exploratory Unit for Drug Discovery Platform, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Chemical Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Mikako Fujita
- Research Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.
| | - Masami Otsuka
- Department of Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.
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Koga R, Radwan MO, Ejima T, Kanemaru Y, Tateishi H, Ali TFS, Ciftci HI, Shibata Y, Taguchi Y, Inoue JI, Otsuka M, Fujita M. A Dithiol Compound Binds to the Zinc Finger Protein TRAF6 and Suppresses Its Ubiquitination. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:1935-1941. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Koga
- Department of Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry; Faculty of Life Sciences; Kumamoto University; Chuo-ku 862-0973 Kumamoto Japan
| | - Mohamed O. Radwan
- Department of Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry; Faculty of Life Sciences; Kumamoto University; Chuo-ku 862-0973 Kumamoto Japan
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds; National Research Center; 12622 Dokki Cairo Egypt
| | - Tomohiko Ejima
- Department of Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry; Faculty of Life Sciences; Kumamoto University; Chuo-ku 862-0973 Kumamoto Japan
| | - Yosuke Kanemaru
- Department of Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry; Faculty of Life Sciences; Kumamoto University; Chuo-ku 862-0973 Kumamoto Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tateishi
- Department of Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry; Faculty of Life Sciences; Kumamoto University; Chuo-ku 862-0973 Kumamoto Japan
| | - Taha F. S. Ali
- Department of Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry; Faculty of Life Sciences; Kumamoto University; Chuo-ku 862-0973 Kumamoto Japan
| | - Halil Ibrahim Ciftci
- Department of Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry; Faculty of Life Sciences; Kumamoto University; Chuo-ku 862-0973 Kumamoto Japan
| | - Yuri Shibata
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology; Institute of Medical Science; The University of Tokyo; Minato-ku 108-8639 Tokyo Japan
| | - Yuu Taguchi
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology; Institute of Medical Science; The University of Tokyo; Minato-ku 108-8639 Tokyo Japan
| | - Jun-ichiro Inoue
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology; Institute of Medical Science; The University of Tokyo; Minato-ku 108-8639 Tokyo Japan
| | - Masami Otsuka
- Department of Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry; Faculty of Life Sciences; Kumamoto University; Chuo-ku 862-0973 Kumamoto Japan
| | - Mikako Fujita
- Research Institute for Drug Discovery; School of Pharmacy; Kumamoto University; Chuo-ku 862-0973 Kumamoto Japan
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5
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Tanaka A, Radwan MO, Hamasaki A, Ejima A, Obata E, Koga R, Tateishi H, Okamoto Y, Fujita M, Nakao M, Umezawa K, Tamanoi F, Otsuka M. A novel inhibitor of farnesyltransferase with a zinc site recognition moiety and a farnesyl group. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:3862-3866. [PMID: 28666734 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Protein prenylation such as farnesylation and geranylgeranylation is associated with various diseases. Thus, many inhibitors of prenyltransferase have been developed. We report novel inhibitors of farnesyltransferase with a zinc-site recognition moiety and a farnesyl/dodecyl group. Molecular docking analysis showed that both parts of the inhibitor fit well into the catalytic domain of farnesyltransferase. The synthesized inhibitors showed activity against farnesyltransferase in vitro and inhibited proliferation of the pancreatic cell line AsPC-1. Among the compounds with farnesyl and dodecyl groups, the inhibitor with a farnesyl group was found to have stronger and more selective activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Tanaka
- Department of Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Mohamed O Radwan
- Department of Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, National Research Center, Dokki 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Akiyuki Hamasaki
- Department of Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Asumi Ejima
- Department of Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Emiko Obata
- Department of Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Ryoko Koga
- Department of Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tateishi
- Department of Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Okamoto
- Department of Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Mikako Fujita
- Research Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Nakao
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Kazuo Umezawa
- Department of Molecular Target Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazako-Karimata, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
| | - Fuyuhiko Tamanoi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Masami Otsuka
- Department of Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.
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Radwan MO, Sonoda S, Ejima T, Tanaka A, Koga R, Okamoto Y, Fujita M, Otsuka M. Zinc-mediated binding of a low-molecular-weight stabilizer of the host anti-viral factor apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3G. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:4398-4405. [PMID: 27475536 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3G (APOBEC3G, A3G), is a human anti-virus restriction protein which works deaminase-dependently and -independently. A3G is known to be ubiquitinated by HIV-1 viral infectivity factor (Vif) protein, leading to proteasomal degradation. A3G contains two zinc ions at the N-terminal domain and the C-terminal domain. Four lysine residues, K(297), K(301), K(303), and K(334), are known to be required for Vif-mediated A3G ubiquitination and degradation. Previously, we reported compound SN-1, a zinc chelator that increases steady-state expression level of A3G in the presence of Vif. In this study, we prepared Biotin-SN-1, a biotinylated derivative of SN-1, to study the SN-1-A3G interaction. A pull-down assay revealed that Biotin-SN-1 bound A3G. A zinc-abstraction experiment indicated that SN-1 binds to the zinc site of A3G. We carried out a SN-1-A3G docking study using molecular operating environment. The calculations revealed that SN-1 binds to the C-terminal domain through Zn(2+), H(216), P(247), C(288), and Y(315). Notably, SN-1-binding covers the H(257), E(259), C(288), and C(291) residues that participate in zinc-mediated deamination, and the ubiquitination regions of A3G. The binding of SN-1 presumably perturbs the secondary structure between C(288) and Y(315), leading to less efficient ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed O Radwan
- Department of Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Sachiko Sonoda
- Department of Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ejima
- Department of Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Ayumi Tanaka
- Department of Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Ryoko Koga
- Department of Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Okamoto
- Department of Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Mikako Fujita
- Research Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.
| | - Masami Otsuka
- Department of Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.
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Efficient electrochemical N-alkylation of N-boc-protected 4-aminopyridines: towards new biologically active compounds. ISRN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2014; 2014:621592. [PMID: 24955255 PMCID: PMC4041018 DOI: 10.1155/2014/621592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The use of electrogenerated acetonitrile anion allows the alkylation of N-Boc-4-aminopyridine in very high yields, under mild conditions and without by-products. The high reactivity of this base is due to its large tetraethylammonium counterion, which leaves the acetonitrile anion “naked.” The deprotection of the obtained compounds led to high yields in N-alkylated 4-aminopyridines. Nonsymmetrically dialkylated 4-aminopyridines were obtained by subsequent reaction of monoalkylated ones with t-BuOK and alkyl halides, while symmetrically dialkylated 4-aminopyridines were obtained by direct reaction of 4-aminopyridine with an excess of t-BuOK and alkyl halides. Some mono- and dialkyl-4-aminopyridines were selected to evaluate antifungal and antiprotozoal activity; the dialkylated 4-aminopyridines 3ac, 3ae and 3ff showed antifungal towards Cryptococcus neoformans; whereas 3cc, 3ee and 3ff showed antiprotozoal activity towards Leishmania infantum and Plasmodium falciparum.
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8
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Hamasaki A, Naka H, Tamanoi F, Umezawa K, Otsuka M. A novel metal-chelating inhibitor of protein farnesyltransferase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:1523-6. [PMID: 12699746 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00183-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel metal chelator comprising a 4-(naphthalen-1-yl)pyridine and 2-aminoethanethiol was synthesized. This showed inhibitory activity against human protein farnesyltransferase with IC(50) 1.9 microM, induced morphological change in K-ras-NRK cells at 0.5 microg/mL and showed growth inhibition of K-ras-NRK cells with IC(50) 0.32 microg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiyuki Hamasaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
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9
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Otsuka M, Hamasaki A, Kurosaki H, Goto M. Synthesis, structure of copper(II) complexes of S-containing pentadentate ligands. J Organomet Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(00)00397-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Del Villar K, Urano J, Guo L, Tamanoi F. A mutant form of human protein farnesyltransferase exhibits increased resistance to farnesyltransferase inhibitors. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:27010-7. [PMID: 10480914 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.38.27010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein farnesyltransferase (FTase) is a key enzyme responsible for the lipid modification of a large and important number of proteins including Ras. Recent demonstrations that inhibitors of this enzyme block the growth of a variety of human tumors point to the importance of this enzyme in human tumor formation. In this paper, we report that a mutant form of human FTase, Y361L, exhibits increased resistance to farnesyltransferase inhibitors, particularly a tricyclic compound, SCH56582, which is a competitive inhibitor of FTase with respect to the CAAX (where C is cysteine, A is an aliphatic amino acid, and X is the C-terminal residue that is preferentially serine, cysteine, methionine, glutamine or alanine) substrates. The Y361L mutant maintains FTase activity toward substrates ending with CIIS. However, the mutant also exhibits an increased affinity for peptides terminating with CIIL, a motif that is recognized by geranylgeranyltransferase I (GGTase I). The Y361L mutant also demonstrates activity with Ha-Ras and Cdc42Hs proteins, substrates of FTase and GGTase I, respectively. In addition, the Y361L mutant shows a marked sensitivity to a zinc chelator HPH-5 suggesting that the mutant has altered zinc coordination. These results demonstrate that a single amino acid change at a residue at the active site can lead to the generation of a mutant resistant to FTase inhibitors. Such a mutant may be valuable for the study of the effects of FTase inhibitors on tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Del Villar
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Molecular Biology Institute, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095-1489, USA
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Inoue T, Sugiura Y, Saitoh J, Ishiguro T, Otsuka M. Fluorescence property of oxazole yellow-linked oligonucleotide. Triple helix formation and photocleavage of double-stranded DNA in the presence of spermine. Bioorg Med Chem 1999; 7:1207-11. [PMID: 10428393 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(99)00035-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxazole yellow is an intercalator that shows enhanced fluorescence upon binding to DNA. We prepared an oxazole yellow-linked oligonucleotide that can form triple helix with interleukin 2 receptor alpha chain promoter. The oxazole yellow-linked oligonucleotide showed linear increase of fluorescence by the triple helix formation with double-stranded DNA and also induced photocleavage of the targeted DNA in the presence of spermine upon visible illumination. Cleavage site of one strand was 7 or 8 bases away from the site of intercalation whereas the other strand was cleaved at the intercalated site.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Inoue
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan
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