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Sanapala SR, Kulkarni SS. Chemical synthesis of asparagine-linked archaeal N-glycan from Methanothermus fervidus. Chemistry 2014; 20:3578-83. [PMID: 24616211 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Several N-linked glycoproteins have been identified in archaea and there is growing evidence that the N-glycan is involved in survival and functioning of archaea in extreme conditions. Chemical synthesis of the archaeal N-glycans represents a crucial step towards understanding the putative function of protein glycosylation in archaea. Herein the first total synthesis of the archaeal L-asparagine linked hexasaccharide from Methanothermus fervidus is reported using a highly convergent [3+3] glycosylation approach in high overall yields. The synthesis relies on efficient preparation of regioselectively protected thioglycoside building blocks for orthogonal glycosylations and late stage N-aspartylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Someswara Rao Sanapala
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076 (India)
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Nikolaev AV, Al-Maharik N. Synthetic glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors: how these complex molecules have been made. Nat Prod Rep 2011; 28:970-1020. [PMID: 21448495 DOI: 10.1039/c0np00064g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrei V Nikolaev
- College of Life Sciences, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK.
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Huang W, Zhang X, Ju T, Cummings RD, Wang LX. Expeditious chemoenzymatic synthesis of CD52 glycopeptide antigens. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:5224-33. [PMID: 20848033 DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00341g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
CD52 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored glycopeptide antigen found on sperm cells and human lymphocytes. Recent structural studies indicate that sperm-associated CD52 antigen carries both a complex type N-glycan and an O-glycan on the polypeptide backbone. To facilitate functional and immunological studies of distinct CD52 glycoforms, we report in this paper the first chemoenzymatic synthesis of homogeneous CD52 glycoforms carrying both N- and O-glycans. The synthetic strategy consists of two key steps: monosaccharide primers GlcNAc and GalNAc were first installed at the pre-determined N- and O-glycosylation sites by a facile solid-phase peptide synthesis, and then the N- and O-glycans were extended by respective enzymatic glycosylations. It was found that the endoglycosidase-catalyzed transglycosylation allowed efficient attachment of an intact N-glycan in a single step at the N-glycosylation site, while the recombinant human T-synthase could independently extend the O-linked GalNAc to form the core 1 O-glycan. This chemoenzymatic approach is highly convergent and permits easy construction of various homogeneous CD52 glycoforms from a common polypeptide precursor. In addition, the introduction of a latent thiol group in the form of protected cysteamine at the C-terminus of the CD52 glycoforms will enable site-specific conjugation to a carrier protein to provide immunogens for generating CD52 glycoform-specific antibodies for functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
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Tanaka K, Fujii Y, Tokimoto H, Mori Y, Tanaka SI, Bao GM, Siwu ER, Nakayabu A, Fukase K. Synthesis of a Sialic Acid Containing Complex-TypeN-Glycan on a Solid Support. Chem Asian J 2009; 4:574-80. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.200800411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Swarts BM, Chang YC, Hu H, Guo Z. Synthesis and CD structural studies of CD52 peptides and glycopeptides. Carbohydr Res 2008; 343:2894-902. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2008] [Revised: 08/21/2008] [Accepted: 08/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Sun B, Srinivasan B, Huang X. Pre-activation-based one-pot synthesis of an alpha-(2,3)-sialylated core-fucosylated complex type bi-antennary N-glycan dodecasaccharide. Chemistry 2008; 14:7072-81. [PMID: 18601234 PMCID: PMC2733368 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200800757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of N-glycans is of high current interests due to their important biological properties. A highly efficient convergent strategy based on the pre-activation method for assembly of the complex type core fucosylated bi-antennary N-glycan dodecasaccharide has been developed. Retrosynthetically, this extremely challenging target is broken down to three modules: a sialyl disaccharide, a glucosamine building block and a hexasaccharide diol acceptor. The sialyl disaccharide was easily obtained by selective activation of a new 5-N-trichloroacetyl protected sialyl donor in the presence of a thiogalactoside acceptor. The hexasaccharide diol module was produced by double mannosylation of a fucosylated tetrasaccharide acceptor, which in turn was generated by glycosylation of a alpha-fucosylated disaccharide with a beta-mannose containing disaccharide donor. The union of the three modules was performed in one-pot giving the fully protected dodecasaccharide in high yield. This synthesis is characterized by minimum protective group and aglycon adjustment on oligosaccharide intermediates, thus greatly enhancing the overall synthetic efficiency. The modular feature of this strategy suggests that this method can be readily adapted to the synthesis of a wide variety of N-glycan structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Sun
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
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Abstract
Glycosylation is a common post-translational modification of proteins. Although its significance in biological system is well recognized, approaches to analyze carbohydrate function are limited. This is because of difficulty in obtaining homogeneous glycoproteins from natural sources. Due to the progress of the carbohydrate and peptide chemistry, syntheses of various homogeneous glycopeptides and glycoproteins, which are suitable for biological studies, have been achieved by chemical means. In this review, we briefly summarize recent advances in the field of glycopeptide synthesis after 1999.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Hojo
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Glycotechnology, Tokai University, Kitakaname 1117, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan.
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Mandai H, Mukaiyama T. 6-Nitro-2-benzothiazolyl α-Mannoside: A Highly Efficient Mannosyl Donor in Constructing β-Man(1→4)GlcN Linkage and Its Application to the Synthesis of the Pentasaccharide Core ofN-Glycans. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2006. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.79.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Virta P, Katajisto J, Niittymäki T, Lönnberg H. Solid-supported synthesis of oligomeric bioconjugates. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(03)00704-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Hojo H, Haginoya E, Matsumoto Y, Nakahara Y, Nabeshima K, Toole BP, Watanabe Y. The first synthesis of peptide thioester carrying N-linked core pentasaccharide through modified Fmoc thioester preparation: synthesis of an N-glycosylated Ig domain of emmprin. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(03)00394-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Grogan MJ, Pratt MR, Marcaurelle LA, Bertozzi CR. Homogeneous glycopeptides and glycoproteins for biological investigation. Annu Rev Biochem 2002; 71:593-634. [PMID: 12045107 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.biochem.71.110601.135334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation is widely recognized as a modulator of protein structure, localization, and cell-cell recognition in multicellular systems. Glycoproteins are typically expressed as mixtures of glycoforms, their oligosaccharides being generated by a template-independent biosynthetic process. Investigation of their function has been greatly assisted by sources of homogeneous material. This review summarizes current efforts to obtain homogeneous glycopeptide and glycoprotein materials by a variety of methods that draw from the techniques of recombinant expression, chemical synthesis, enzymatic transformation, and chemoselective ligation. Some of these techniques remove obstacles to glycoprotein synthesis by installing nonnative linkages and other modifications for facilitated assembly. The end purpose of the described approaches is the production of glycosylated materials for experiments relevant to the biological investigation of glycoproteins, although the strategies presented apply to other posttranslational modifications as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Grogan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California; Berkeley California 94720, USA.
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Takano Y, Habiro M, Someya M, Hojo H, Nakahara Y. Preparation of core 2 type tetrasaccharide carrying decapeptide by benzyl protection-based solid-phase synthesis strategy. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)01947-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
An inner core of the GPI anchor of sperm CD52 antigens was synthesized by a highly convergent process using specially modified inositol, glucosamine and phospholipid as key building blocks. This paper also presents a new and efficient procedure to prepare 1,2,6-differentiated derivatives of inositol for GPI syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xue
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH 44106, USA
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Ichiyanagi T, Takatani M, Sakamoto K, Nakahara Y, Ito Y, Hojo H, Nakahara Y. Synthesis of mucin-type glycopeptide (β hCG 130–145) by on-resin fragment condensation of the glycopeptide segments carrying unmasked oligosaccharides. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)00542-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
Despite the omnipresence of protein glycosylation in nature, little is known about how the attachment of carbohydrates affects peptide and protein activity. One reason is the lack of a straightforward method to access biologically relevant glycopeptides and glycoproteins. The isolation of homogeneous glycopeptides from natural sources is complicated by the heterogeneity of naturally occuring glycoproteins. It is chemical and chemoenzymatic synthesis that is meeting the challenge to solve this availability problem, thus playing a key role for the advancement of glycobiology. The current art of glycopeptide synthesis, albeit far from being routine, has reached a level of maturity that allows for the access to homogeneous and pure material for biological and medicinal research. Even the ambitious goal of the total synthesis of an entire glycoprotein is within reach. It is demonstrated that with the help of synthetic glycopeptides the effects of glycosylation on protein structure and function can be studied in molecular detail. For example, in immunology, synthetic (tumour-specific) glycopeptides can be used as immunogens to elicit a tumour-cell-specific immune response. Again, synthetic glycopeptides are an invaluable tool to determine the fine specificity of the immune response that can be mediated by both carbohydrate-specific B and T cells. Furthermore, selected examples for the use of synthetic glycopeptides as ligands of carbohydrate-binding proteins and as enzyme substrates or inhibitors are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Seitz
- Department of Chemical Biology Max-Planck-Institut für molekulare Physiologie Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
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Imperiali B, O'Connor SE. Effect of N-linked glycosylation on glycopeptide and glycoprotein structure. Curr Opin Chem Biol 1999; 3:643-9. [PMID: 10600722 DOI: 10.1016/s1367-5931(99)00021-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Asparagine-linked glycosylation is an enzyme-catalyzed, co-translational protein modification reaction that has the capacity to influence either the protein folding process or the stability of the native glycoprotein conjugate. Advances in both glycoconjugate chemical synthesis and glycoprotein expression methods have increased the availability of these once elusive biopolymers. The application of spectroscopic methods to these proteins has begun to illuminate the various ways in which the saccharide affects the structure, function and stability of the proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Imperiali
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Kerékgyártó J, Ágoston K, Batta G, Kamerling JP, Vliegenthart JF. Synthesis of fully and partially benzylated glycosyl azides via thioalkyl glycosides as precursors for the preparation of N-glycopeptides. Tetrahedron Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(98)01540-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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