1
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Chu QR, He YH, Tang C, Zhang ZJ, Luo XF, Zhang BQ, Zhou Y, Wu TL, Du SS, Yang CJ, Liu YQ. Design, Synthesis, and Antimicrobial Activity of Quindoline Derivatives Inspired by the Cryptolepine Alkaloid. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:2851-2863. [PMID: 35226498 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Based on the structural characteristics of the cryptolepine alkaloid, a series of new quindoline derivatives bearing various substituents were prepared and evaluated for their fungicidal and antibacterial activities. Bioassay results showed that compound D7 displayed superior in vitro fungicidal activities against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium graminearum, and Rhizoctonia solani with EC50 values of 0.780, 3.62, 1.59, and 2.85 μg/mL, respectively. Compound A7 showed apparent antibacterial activities toward Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 3.12 μg/mL. Significantly, in vivo antifungal activity suggested that the curative effect (98.3%) of compound D7 was comparable to that of the positive control azoxystrobin (96.7%) at 100 μg/mL. Preliminary mechanistic studies showed that compound D7 might cause mycelial abnormality of S. sclerotiorum, cell membrane breakage, accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and inhibition of sclerotia formation. Therefore, compound D7 could be a novel broad-spectrum fungicidal candidate against plant fungal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Ru Chu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Hui He
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiong-Fei Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao-Qi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Lin Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha-Sha Du
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Jie Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Qian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
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2
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Tewari U, Sharma D, Srivastava S, Kumar BK, Faheem, Murugesan S. Anti‐Tubercular Insights of Carbolines – A Decade Critique. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Tewari
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory Department of Pharmacy Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus Pilani 333031 Rajasthan India
| | - Divya Sharma
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory Department of Pharmacy Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus Pilani 333031 Rajasthan India
| | - Shrey Srivastava
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory Department of Pharmacy Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus Pilani 333031 Rajasthan India
| | - Banoth Karan Kumar
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory Department of Pharmacy Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus Pilani 333031 Rajasthan India
| | - Faheem
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory Department of Pharmacy Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus Pilani 333031 Rajasthan India
| | - Sankaranarayanan Murugesan
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory Department of Pharmacy Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus Pilani 333031 Rajasthan India
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3
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Jnaneshwara G, Shaikh NS, Bapat NV, Deshpande VH. Selenium Dioxide: A Selective Oxidising Agent for the Functionalisation of Quinolines. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3184/030823400103165590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A simple method is described for the preparation of 1,3-dihydrofuro[4,3-b]quinolin-3-ol starting from aniline and methyl acetoacetate using selenium dioxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- G.K. Jnaneshwara
- Division of Organic Chemistry: Technology, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411 008, India
| | - Nadim S. Shaikh
- Division of Organic Chemistry: Technology, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411 008, India
| | - Neelam V. Bapat
- Division of Organic Chemistry: Technology, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411 008, India
| | - Vishnu H. Deshpande
- Division of Organic Chemistry: Technology, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411 008, India
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4
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Méndez MV, Simonetti SO, Kaufman TS, Bracca ABJ. A concise Friedländer/Buchwald–Hartwig approach to the total synthesis of quindoline, a bioactive natural indoloquinoline alkaloid, and toward the unnatural 10-methylquindoline. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj01961h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Friedländer and Buchwald–Hartwig reactions were used to achieve an efficient total synthesis of quindoline and a new synthesis of the unnatural 10-methylquindoline. DFT calculations were employed to explain the outcome of a failed key transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María V. Méndez
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR) and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas
- Universidad Nacional de Rosario
- Rosario
- Argentina
| | - Sebastian O. Simonetti
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR) and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas
- Universidad Nacional de Rosario
- Rosario
- Argentina
| | - Teodoro S. Kaufman
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR) and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas
- Universidad Nacional de Rosario
- Rosario
- Argentina
| | - Andrea B. J. Bracca
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR) and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas
- Universidad Nacional de Rosario
- Rosario
- Argentina
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5
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Zheng L, Zeng Z, Yan Q, Jia F, Jia L, Chen Y. Copper‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 3‐NO
2
Quinolines from
o
‐Azidobenzaldehyde and Nitro‐olefins and its Application in the Concise Synthesis of Quindolines. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Environmental EngineeringWuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430073 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Zeng
- School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & BiologyHubei University of Science and Technology Xianning 437100 People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Yan
- School of Chemistry and Environmental EngineeringWuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430073 People's Republic of China
| | - Fengcheng Jia
- School of Chemistry and Environmental EngineeringWuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430073 People's Republic of China
| | - Lihui Jia
- School of Chemistry and Environmental EngineeringWuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430073 People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfeng Chen
- School of Chemistry and Environmental EngineeringWuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430073 People's Republic of China
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6
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Nowacki M, Wojciechowski K. Transition-metal-free [3 + 3] annulation of indol-2-ylmethyl carbanions to nitroarenes. A novel synthesis of indolo[3,2- b]quinolines (quindolines). Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:194-202. [PMID: 29441142 PMCID: PMC5789443 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Indol-2-ylmethyl carbanions stabilized by alkoxycarbonyl, cyano or benzenesulfonyl groups react with nitroarenes to form σH-adducts, which in the presence of base (triethylamine or DBU) and trimethylchlorosilane transform into indolo[3,2-b]quinoline derivatives in moderate to good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Nowacki
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Wojciechowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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7
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8
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Antileishmanial evaluation of clubbed bis(indolyl)-pyridine derivatives: One-pot synthesis, in vitro biological evaluations and in silico ADME prediction. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:567-573. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Pordel M, Ramezani S, Jajarmi M, Sokhanvar M. Imidazo[4,5-a]quinindolines as highly effective antibacterial agents. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s106816201601012x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Alikhani E, Pordel M, Daghigh LR. Pyrazolo[4,3-a]quinindoline as a new highly fluorescent heterocyclic system: Design, synthesis, spectroscopic characterization and DFT calculations. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 136 Pt C:1484-1490. [PMID: 25459710 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
After obtaining the desired precursors in several reactions, new N-alkyl-substituted heterocyclic system pyrazolo[4,3-a]quinindolines (pyrazolo[4,3-f]-indolo[2,3-b]quinolines) were synthesized by one-pot reaction of 1-alkyl-5-nitro-1H-indazole with 2-(1-alkyl-1H-3-indolyl)acetonitrile in MeOH/KOH solution via the nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen in excellent yields. Spectral (UV-Vis, FT-IR, NMR and fluorescence) and analytical data allowed the structures of the synthesized compounds to be established. The values of absorption and fluorescence maxima, extinction coefficients and fluorescence quantum yield of these new heterocyclic fluorophores were obtained and they show highlighting interesting photophysical properties. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of one structure by using the B3LYP hybrid functional and the 6-311+G(d,p) basis set were performed to provide the optimized geometry, relevant frontier orbitals and the prediction of (1)H NMR chemical shifts. Calculated electronic absorption spectrum of one structure was also obtained by time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) method. Solvatochromic properties of these dyes have been discussed and the results showed that the absorption and emission bands in polar solvents undergo a modest red shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Alikhani
- Department of Chemistry, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehdi Pordel
- Department of Chemistry, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.
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11
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Sangshetti JN, Kalam Khan FA, Kulkarni AA, Arote R, Patil RH. Antileishmanial drug discovery: comprehensive review of the last 10 years. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra02669e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This review covers the current aspects of leishmaniasis including marketed drugs, new antileishmanial agents, and possible drug targets of antileishmanial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rohidas Arote
- Department of Molecular Genetics
- School of Dentistry
- Seoul National University
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
| | - Rajendra H. Patil
- Department of Biotechnology
- Savitribai Phule Pune University
- Pune 411007
- India
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12
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Parvatkar PT, Majik MS. Microwave-assisted reductive cyclization: an easy entry to the indoloquinolines and spiro[2H-indole-2,3′-oxindole]. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra02814g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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13
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Bolden S, Zhu XY, Etukala JR, Boateng C, Mazu T, Flores-Rozas H, Jacob MR, Khan SI, Walker LA, Ablordeppey SY. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) and preliminary mode of action studies of 3-substituted benzylthioquinolinium iodide as anti-opportunistic infection agents. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 70:130-42. [PMID: 24141203 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Opportunistic infections are devastating to immunocompromised patients. And in especially sub-Saharan Africa where the AIDS epidemic is still raging, the mortality rate was recently as high as 70%. The paucity of anti-opportunistic drugs, the decreasing efficacy and the development of resistance against the azoles and even amphotericin B have stimulated the search for new drugs with new mechanisms of action. In a previous work, we showed that a new chemotype derived from the natural product cryptolepine displayed selective toxicity against opportunistic pathogens with minimal cytotoxicity to normal cells. In this manuscript, we report the design and synthesis of substituted benzylthioquinolinium iodides, evaluated their anti-infective properties and formulated some initial structure-activity relationships around phenyl ring A from the original natural product. The sensitivity of the most potent analog 10l, to selected strains of C. cerevisiae was also evaluated leading to the observation that this scaffold may have a different mode of action from its predecessor, cryptolepine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidney Bolden
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
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14
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Bolden S, Boateng CA, Zhu XY, Etukala JR, Eyunni SK, Jacob MR, Khan SI, Ablordeppey SY. CoMFA studies and in vitro evaluation of some 3-substituted benzylthio quinolinium salts as anticryptococcal agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:7194-201. [PMID: 24080102 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The 3-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) molecular modeling technique or comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) has been used to design analogs of the natural product cryptolepine (1). Twenty-three compounds with their in vitro biological activities (IC50 values) against Crytococcus neoformans were used to generate the training set database of compounds for the CoMFA studies. The cross-validated q(2), noncross-validated r(2), and partial least squares (PLS) analysis results were used to predict the biological activity of 11 newly designed test set compounds. The best CoMFA model produced a q(2) of 0.815 and an r(2) of 0.976 indicating high statistical significance as a predictive model. The steric and electrostatic contributions from the contour map were interpreted from the color-coded contour plots generated from the PLS model and the active structural components for potency against C. neoformans were determined and validated in the test set compounds. The 3-substituted benzylthio quinolinium salts (4) that make up the test set were synthesized and evaluated based on the predicted activity from the CoMFA model and the results produced a good correlation between the predicted and experimental activity (R=0.82). Thus, CoMFA has served as an effective tool to aid the design of new analogs and in this case, it has aided the identification of compounds equipotent with amphotericin B, the gold standard in antifungal drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidney Bolden
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
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15
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Kuntworbe N, Al-Kassas R. Design and in vitro haemolytic evaluation of cryptolepine hydrochloride-loaded gelatine nanoparticles as a novel approach for the treatment of malaria. AAPS PharmSciTech 2012; 13:568-81. [PMID: 22477022 PMCID: PMC3364375 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-012-9775-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptolepine hydrochloride-loaded gelatine nanoparticles were developed and characterised as a means of exploring formulation techniques to improve the pharmaceutic profile of the compound. Cryptolepine hydrochloride-loaded gelatine-type (A) nanoparticles were developed base on the double desolvation approach. After optimisation of formulation parameters including temperature, stirring rate, incubation time polymer and cross-linker (glutaraldehyde) concentrations, the rest of the study was conducted at two different formulation pH values (2.5 and 11.0) and by two different approaches to drug loading. Three cryoprotectants--sucrose, glucose and mannitol--were investigated for possible use for the preparation of freeze-dried samples. Nanoparticles with desired size mostly less than 350 nm and zeta potential above ±20 were obtained when formulation pH was between 2.5 and 5 and above 9. Entrapment efficiency was higher at pH 11.0 than pH 2.5 and for products formulated when drug was loaded during the second desolvation stage compared to when drug was loaded onto pre-formed nanoparticles. Further investigation of pH effect showed a new isoelectric point of 6.23-6.27 at which the zeta potential of nanoparticles was zero. Sucrose and glucose were effective in low concentrations as cryoprotectants. The best formulation produced an EC(50) value of 227.4 μM as a haemolytic agent compared to 51.61 μM by the free compound which is an indication of reduction in haemolytic side effect. There was sustained released of the compound from all formulation types over a period of 192 h. Stability data indicated that the nanosuspension and freeze-dried samples were stable at 4 and 25°C, respectively, over a 52-week period, but the former was less stable at room temperature. In conclusion, cryptolepine hydrochloride-loaded gelatine nanoparticles exhibited reduced haemolytic effect compared to the pure compound and can be developed further for parenteral delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noble Kuntworbe
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Raida Al-Kassas
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
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16
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Kuntworbe N, Alany RG, Brimble M, Al-Kassas R. Determination of pKa and forced degradation of the indoloquinoline antimalarial compound cryptolepine hydrochloride. Pharm Dev Technol 2012; 18:866-76. [PMID: 22436019 DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2012.668554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The study was aimed at determining the acid dissociation constant of cryptolepine hydrochloride and its degradation under stressed conditions. The pKa was determined using buffers in the pH range 10.4-11.6 by spectrophotometry at controlled measurement temperature (20 ± 0.5°C). The stability of the compound was investigated under various stressed conditions including neutral, acid, alkaline, light, dry heat and oxidation at different temperatures. Degradation products were analysed by HPLC. The calculated pKa values (uncorrected and corrected for ionic strength) were 11.09 ± 0.03 and 10.99 ± 0.05, respectively. A graphical approach yielded an uncorrected pKa value of 11.07. Degradation of the compound in water, 0.1 M HCl, 0.1 M NaOH and 3% hydrogen peroxide followed a first order reaction. With proper temperature control and maintenance of uniform ionic strength, a reproducible pKa of cryptolepine is obtainable by spectrophotometry. The compound was found to be highly susceptible to oxidation and relatively stable in neutral and acidic conditions but less so in a basic medium. There were no significant changes in concentration of samples exposed to light and dry heat at 60°C over the study period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noble Kuntworbe
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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17
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Hazra S, Ghosh S, Debnath S, Seville S, Prajapati VK, Wright CW, Sundar S, Hazra B. Antileishmanial activity of cryptolepine analogues and apoptotic effects of 2,7-dibromocryptolepine against Leishmania donovani promastigotes. Parasitol Res 2012; 111:195-203. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-012-2818-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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19
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Mazu TK, Etukala JR, Jacob MR, Khan SI, Walker LA, Ablordeppey SY. δ-Carbolines and their ring-opened analogs: synthesis and evaluation against fungal and bacterial opportunistic pathogens. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:2378-85. [PMID: 21459492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Revised: 03/06/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that the δ-carboline (2) ring system derived from the natural product cryptolepine (1) may represent a pharmacophore for anti-infective activity. This paper describes the design and synthesis of a small library of substituted δ-carbolines and the evaluation of the anti-fungal and anti-bacterial activities. An evaluation of the anti-bacterial activity of a previously reported library of ring-opened analogs was also conducted to provide an opportunity to test the hypothesis that both group of compounds may have the same biological target. Results indicate that against a selected group of fungal pathogens, substituted δ-carbolinium analogs displayed higher potency and several fold lower cytotoxicity than cryptolepine the parent natural product. Both the δ-carbolinium compounds and their ring-opened analogs, exhibited equally high anti-bacterial activity against the selected pathogens and especially against the gram positive bacteria evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tryphon K Mazu
- Florida A&M University, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
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20
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Boateng CA, Zhu XY, Jacob MR, Khan SI, Walker LA, Ablordeppey SY. Optimization of 3-(phenylthio)quinolinium compounds against opportunistic fungal pathogens. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:1789-97. [PMID: 21402432 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2010] [Revised: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ring-opened benzothieno[3,2-b]quinolinium salts (3) were designed and synthesized with substitution on the thiophene moiety. In vitro screenings were carried out against fungal pathogens including Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei and Aspergillus fumigatus. In all, by replacing the N-methyl group (2) with N-ω-phenylpentyl or ω-cyclohexylpentyl group to form substituted 3-(phenylthio)quinolinium compounds produced remarkable potencies, as high as 300-fold (cf, cryptolepine (1)=250 μg/mL vs 11p=0.8 μg/mL for C. albicans) over the starting tetracyclic parent. In addition, all the N-ω-cyclohexylpentyl analogs produced superior activity against all the microorganisms tested than the N-ω-phenylpentyl substituted compounds. The potential of these compounds to induce toxicity in Vero cells was also investigated and the majority of them showed lower or no cytotoxicity at 10 μg/mL than amphotericin B, the gold standard in antifungal drug development. For instance, the trifluoromethyl substituted analogs (11n-p) have selectivity indices over 2-fold better than those of amphotericin B in C. neoformans. Overall, this ring-opened scafford of benzothienoquinolines, with substitution on the thiophenyl moiety, serves as a new lead for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Comfort A Boateng
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
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21
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Boateng CA, Eyunni SVK, Zhu XY, Etukala JR, Bricker BA, Ashfaq MK, Jacob MR, Khan SI, Walker LA, Ablordeppey SY. Benzothieno[3,2-b]quinolinium and 3-(phenylthio)quinolinium compounds: Synthesis and evaluation against opportunistic fungal pathogens. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 19:458-70. [PMID: 21134759 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Revised: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Substitution around 5-methyl benzothieno[3,2-b]quinolinium (2) ring system was explored in order to identify positions of substitution that could improve its antifungal profile. The 3-methoxy (10b) was active against C. albicans, C. neoformans, and A. fumigatus and the 4-chloro (10f) analog showed moderate increases in anti-cryptococcal and anti-aspergillus activities. The effectiveness of 10b and 10f were validated in murine models of candidiasis and cryptococcosis, respectively. The efficacy of 10f in reducing brain cryptococcal infection and its observation in the brain of mice injected with this quaternary compound confirm the capacity of these compounds to cross the blood-brain barrier of mice. Overall, several of the chloro and methoxy substituted compounds showed significant improvements in activity against A. fumigatus, the fungal pathogen prevalent in patients receiving organ transplant. Opening the benzothiophene ring of 2 to form 1-(5-cyclohexylpentyl)-3-(phenylthio)quinolinium compound (3) resulted in the identification of several novel compounds with over 50-fold increases in potency (cf. 2) while retaining low cytotoxicities. Thus, compound 3 constitutes a new scaffold for development of drugs against opportunistic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Comfort A Boateng
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
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22
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Mazu TK, Etukala JR, Zhu XY, Jacob MR, Khan SI, Walker LA, Ablordeppey SY. Identification of 3-phenylaminoquinolinium and 3-phenylaminopyridinium salts as new agents against opportunistic fungal pathogens. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 19:524-33. [PMID: 21130660 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Revised: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 10/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies on the indoloquinoline alkaloid, cryptolepine (2), revealed that it has antii-nfective properties among other activities. Using Structure-activity relationship (SAR) techniques, several ring-opened analogs of cryptolepine (3-phenylaminopyridinium and 3-phenylaminoquinolinium derivatives) were designed to improve the potency and lower the cytotoxicity shown by several of the precursor agents. Results indicate that these ring-opened analogs constitute new anti-infective agents with over a 100-fold potency and several fold lower cytotoxicity than cryptolepine from which they are derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tryphon K Mazu
- Florida A&M University, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tallahassee, FL 32307, United States
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23
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Gao W, Cheng X, Li Y. Synthesis of Quinoline-Bearing Ferrocene Derivatives via Friedländer Reaction of Acetyl- and 1,1’-Diacetylferrocenes with o-Amino Aryl Aldehydes. HETEROCYCLES 2010. [DOI: 10.3987/com-10-11980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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A short and convenient synthesis and evaluation of the antiinfective properties of indoloquinoline alkaloids: 10
H
‐Indolo[3,2‐
b
]quinoline and 7
H
‐indolo[2,3‐
c
]quinolines. J Heterocycl Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570450232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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25
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Bogányi B, Kámán J. Syntheses of new quinoline-containing heterocyclic scaffolds using inter- and intramolecular Pd-catalyzed amination. J Heterocycl Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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26
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Meléndez Gómez CM, Kouznetsov VV, Sortino MA, Alvarez SL, Zacchino SA. In vitro antifungal activity of polyfunctionalized 2-(hetero)arylquinolines prepared through imino Diels-Alder reactions. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:7908-20. [PMID: 18752959 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.07.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2008] [Revised: 07/23/2008] [Accepted: 07/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Diverse polyfunctionalized quinolines, easily prepared using Lewis acid-catalyzed imino Diels-Alder reactions between corresponding aldimines, were tested for antifungal properties against standardized as well as clinical isolates of clinically important fungi. Among them, 4-pyridyl derivatives displayed the best activities mainly against dermatophytes. The activity appears not to be related neither to the lipophilicity nor to the basicity of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Meléndez Gómez
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Biomolecular, Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, A.A. 678, Bucaramanga, Colombia
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27
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Kumar EVS, Etukala JR, Ablordeppey SY. Indolo[3,2-b]quinolines: synthesis, biological evaluation and structure activity-relationships. Mini Rev Med Chem 2008; 8:538-54. [PMID: 18537709 PMCID: PMC3777419 DOI: 10.2174/138955708784534418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The tetracyclic indolo[3,2-b]quinoline ring system constitutes an important structural moiety in natural products exhibiting numerous biological activities. In particular, indolo [3, 2-b]quinoline, commonly known as linear quindoline is of particular interest, because of its rigid structure and scope of derivatization. Although the core linear quindoline skeleton shows little or no activity in several biological systems, introduction of a methyl group on the N-5 atom leading to cryptolepine induces remarkable activity against a broad spectrum of biological targets. A number of analogs of quindoline and cryptolepine have been synthesized, incorporating various functional groups on the core quindoline skeleton leading to improved biological activities. In this review, we describe various synthetic methodologies leading to the quindoline scaffold, the biological activities and the structure activity relationships (SAR) of quindoline derivatives toward different disease states to give a better picture of the importance of this moiety in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyunni V.K. Suresh Kumar
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL. 32309, USA
| | - Jagan R. Etukala
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL. 32309, USA
| | - Seth Y. Ablordeppey
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL. 32309, USA
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28
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Double reductive cyclization: a facile synthesis of the indoloquinoline alkaloid cryptotackieine. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.08.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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29
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Zhu XY, Mardenborough LG, Li S, Khan A, Zhang W, Fan P, Jacob M, Khan S, Walker L, Ablordeppey SY. Synthesis and evaluation of isosteres of N-methyl indolo[3,2-b]-quinoline (cryptolepine) as new antiinfective agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 15:686-95. [PMID: 17134906 PMCID: PMC1885469 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2006] [Revised: 10/26/2006] [Accepted: 10/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Isosteres of cryptolepine (1) were synthesized and evaluated for their antiinfective activities. Overall, the sulfur isostere, 5-methyl benzothieno[3,2-b]quinolinium salt (5b), was equipotent to 1 and has shown no cytotoxicity at 23.8 microg/mL. Compound 5b was also found to have a broad spectrum of activity. Both the carbon and oxygen isosteres were less potent than cryptolepine. A limited library of 2-substituted analogs of 5b has been synthesized and evaluated in antifungal screens but did not show increase in potency compared to the unsubstituted 5b. Similarly, evaluation of tricyclic benzothieno[3,2-b]pyridines while showing promise in individual screens did not produce an overall increase in potency. Overall, the evaluation of the activities of 5b compared with standard antifungal/anti-protozoal agents suggests that the benzothienoquinoline scaffold could serve as a lead for optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Y Zhu
- Florida A&M University, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
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30
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Dutta B, Some S, Ray JK. Thermal cyclization of 3-arylamino-3-(2-nitrophenyl)-propenal Schiff base hydrochlorides followed by triethyl phosphite mediated deoxygenation: a facile synthesis of quindolines. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Mardenborough LG, Zhu XY, Fan P, Jacob MR, Khan SI, Walker LA, Ablordeppey SY. Identification of bis-quindolines as new antiinfective agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:3955-63. [PMID: 15911310 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2005] [Revised: 04/05/2005] [Accepted: 04/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Several N-substituted quindolines were made to further evaluate the role of N-alkylation on the activity of indoloquinolines as antifungal agents. While N-5 substitution is required for these activities, N-10 alkylation alone leads to inactive products but is tolerated in the presence of N-5 alkyl groups. It was also discovered that bis-quindolines appear to have a more expanded antimicrobial spectrum and lower cytotoxicity than their monomeric counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leroy G Mardenborough
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
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32
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Anders J, Langer P. Domino Cyclization/Electrocyclization/Elimination Reactions of Arylacetonitriles withN,N?-Bis(1-naphthyl)oxaldiimidoyl Dichlorides: Efficient Synthesis of Fluorescent 15H-Benzo[h]benzo[6,7]indolo[3,2-b]quinolines. European J Org Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200400405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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33
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Banzouzi JT, Prado R, Menan H, Valentin A, Roumestan C, Mallié M, Pelissier Y, Blache Y. Studies on medicinal plants of Ivory Coast: investigation of Sida acuta for in vitro antiplasmodial activities and identification of an active constituent. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2004; 11:338-341. [PMID: 15185848 DOI: 10.1078/0944711041495245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Sida acuta Burm. (Malvaceae) originating from Ivory Coast was selected after an ethnobotanical survey: traditional healers of malaria commonly used this plant for the treatment. Extracts were tested on two strains of Plasmodium falciparum: FcM29-Cameroon (chloroquine-resistant strain) and a Nigerian chloroquine-sensitive strain. Extracts were obtained by preparing decoction in water of the powdered plant, the technique used by most of the traditional healers. An ethanol extract was then made and tested. The IC50 values obtained for these extracts ranged from 3.9 to -5.4 microg/ml. Purification of this active fraction led to the identification of cryptolepine as the active antiplasmodial constituent of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Banzouzi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Pharmaceutique, E.A. 2414, Faculté de Pharmacie, Montpellier cedex, France
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34
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Ablordeppey SY, Fan P, Li S, Clark AM, Hufford CD. Substituted indoloquinolines as new antifungal agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2002; 10:1337-46. [PMID: 11886797 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(01)00401-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cryptolepine (2) possesses desirable properties to serve as a lead in developing new antifungal agents. Using SAR techniques, several analogues of cryptolepine were designed to increase potency and to broaden the antifungal spectrum over several opportunistic microorganisms. A number of 2-substituted indoloquinolines have been synthesized and evaluated in antifungal screens and several have been shown to increase potency and expand the antifungal spectrum of cryptolepine. Comparison of MICs of a number of these analogues with standard antifungal agents, shows them to be comparable to Amphotericin B and Ketoconazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth Y Ablordeppey
- Florida A&M University, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA.
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35
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Fresneda PM, Molina P, Delgado S. A novel approach to the indoloquinoline alkaloids cryptotackieine and cryptosanguinolentine by application of cyclization of o-vinylsubstituted arylheterocumulenes. Tetrahedron 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)00597-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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36
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Alkylbenzonaphthyridinones and benzonaphthyridinium quaternary salts. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02256918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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37
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Rádl S, Konvička P, Váchal P. A new approach to the synthesis of benzofuro[3,2-b]quinolines, benzothieno[3,2-b]quinolines and indolo[3,2-b]quinolines. J Heterocycl Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570370430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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