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Dhakal B, Mandhapati A, Park S, Sun L, Chaikof EL. Insights Derived from the Synthesis of a Complex Core 2 Glycan. J Org Chem 2024; 89:11641-11658. [PMID: 39087956 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
We describe the synthesis of a benzoyl-based C2-O-sLeX-Thr-COOH building block devoid of any aglycone transfer or orthoester-formed byproducts. The absence of byproducts was achieved in the course of both [1 + 1] glycosylation reactions with thiophenol aglycone containing galactose acceptors, as well as a [2 + 2] glycosylation in the presence of a p-methoxy benzyl containing glucosamine-fucose disaccharide. We also report an efficient [2 + 1 + 1] synthesis of a peracetylated sLeX en route to a peracetylated C2-O-sLeX-Thr-COOH. While the total synthesis of the latter compound was recently reported by a related route, the divergent [2 + 1 + 1] synthesis provided good reaction yields for each step of the sequence, establishing this scheme as an alternate approach to the peracetylated C2-O-sLeX-Thr-COOH. Importantly, the current report details the role of a variety of hydroxy-protecting groups, including acetyl, benzoyl, p-methoxy benzyl, and naphthylmethyl that may be considered in designing a route to this complex Core 2 glycan. While we have previously described the use of more glycosylation-friendly naphthylmethyl protecting groups, the current synthesis used p-methoxy benzyl protecting groups with excellent reaction yields, demonstrating the feasibility of applying this side reaction-prone protecting group for this challenging synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibek Dhakal
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Appi Mandhapati
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Simon Park
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Lijun Sun
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Harvard Medical School Center for Glycoscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Elliot L Chaikof
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Harvard Medical School Center for Glycoscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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2
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Jiao RQ, Ding YN, Li M, Shi WY, Chen X, Zhang Z, Wei WX, Li XS, Gong XP, Luan YY, Liu XY, Liang YM. Visible-Light-Mediated Synthesis of C-Alkyl Glycosides via Glycosyl Radical Addition and Aryl Migration. Org Lett 2023; 25:6099-6104. [PMID: 37578285 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
A visible-light-induced glycoarylation of activated olefins has been accomplished. Glycosyl radicals are generated via radical transfer strategies between (TMS)3SiOH and glycosyl bromides. Subsequent radical translocation and rapid 1,4-aryl migration form β-sugar amide derivatives, and eight types of sugars are compatible with this reaction. Further, the cascade reaction produced a quaternary carbon center with good functional group adaptability and high regioselectivity in mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Qiang Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ya-Nan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Wei-Yu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wan-Xu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xue-Song Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yu-Yong Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xue-Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yong-Min Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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3
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Wei Y, Wang Q, Koh MJ. A Photoinduced, Nickel-Catalyzed Reaction for the Stereoselective Assembly of C-Linked Glycosides and Glycopeptides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214247. [PMID: 36355564 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
C-Alkyl glycosides and glycoproteins exist in natural products and are prized for their role as carbohydrate mimics in drug design. However, a practical strategy that merges glycosyl donors with readily accessible reagents, derived from abundant carboxylic acid and amine feedstocks, is yet to be conceived. Herein, we show that a nickel catalyst promotes C-C coupling between glycosyl halides and aliphatic acids or primary amines (converted into redox-active electrophiles in one step), in the presence of Hantzsch ester and LiI (or Et3 N) under blue LED illumination to deliver C-alkyl glycosides with high diastereoselectivity. Mechanistic studies support the photoinduced formation of alkyl radicals that react with a glycosyl nickel species generated in situ to facilitate cross-coupling. Through this manifold, innate CO2 H and NH2 motifs embedded within amino acids and oligopeptides are selectively capped and functionalized to afford glycopeptide conjugates through late-stage glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wei
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117544, Republic of Singapore
| | - Quanquan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117544, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ming Joo Koh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117544, Republic of Singapore
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4
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Thota VN, Brahmaiah M, Kulkarni SS. Synthesis of a C-Glycoside Analogue of β-Galactosyl Ceramide, a Potential HIV-1 Entry Inhibitor. J Org Chem 2013; 78:12082-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo402115w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Narasimharao Thota
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Mula Brahmaiah
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Suvarn S. Kulkarni
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
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5
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Shamay Y, Paulin D, Ashkenasy G, David A. Multivalent Display of Quinic Acid Based Ligands for Targeting E-Selectin Expressing Cells. J Med Chem 2009; 52:5906-15. [DOI: 10.1021/jm900308r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yosi Shamay
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Denise Paulin
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Case Courrier 256, 7 Quai St. Bernard, 75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Gonen Ashkenasy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Ayelet David
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
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6
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Bragnier N, Guillot R, Scherrmann MC. Diastereoselective addition of sugar radicals to camphorsultam glyoxilic oxime ether: a route toward C-glycosylthreonine and allothreonine. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:3918-21. [DOI: 10.1039/b910050d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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7
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Moreno-Vargas AJ, Molina L, Carmona AT, Ferrali A, Lambelet M, Spertini O, Robina I. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation ofS-Neofucopeptides as E- and P-Selectin Inhibitors. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200800199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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8
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Xie J, Valéry JM. INVESTIGATION OF THE SHARPLESS ASYMMETRIC AMINOHYDROXYLATION WITH C-ALLYL GLYCOSIDES. J Carbohydr Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/car-100106927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xie
- a Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Laboratoire de Chimie des Glucides, UMR 7613, 4 place Jussieu, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Jean-Marc Valéry
- a Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Laboratoire de Chimie des Glucides, UMR 7613, 4 place Jussieu, Paris, 75005, France
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9
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Grice ID, Whelan C, Tredwell GD, von Itzstein M. An approach towards the synthesis of sialyl nucleoside mimetics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2005.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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10
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Magnani JL. The discovery, biology, and drug development of sialyl Lea and sialyl Lex. Arch Biochem Biophys 2004; 426:122-31. [PMID: 15158662 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2004.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2004] [Revised: 04/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The discoveries of sialylated, fucosylated lacto-, and neolacto-type carbohydrate structures were accomplished with the aid of analytical methods and monoclonal antibodies such as the immunostaining of thin layer chromatograms. Based on the use of such antibodies, these structures, notably sialyl Le(a) and sialyl Le(x), were demonstrated to be highly expressed in many malignant cancers. A diagnostic assay using one of these antibodies (CA19-9) is now established as one of the more commonly used assays for pancreatic and gastrointestinal cancers worldwide. Upon further study, several laboratories have demonstrated that the level of expression of these carbohydrate tumor markers is also positively correlated with patient survival and is a prognostic indicator of metastatic disease. Concurrent with this finding, both sialyl Le(a) and sialyl Le(x) were shown to bind to a family of carbohydrate-binding proteins involved in the extravasation of cells from the bloodstream, called the selectins. Thus, sialyl Le(a) and sialyl Le(x) expressed on cell surfaces play functional roles in medical conditions that require extravasation of cells from the bloodstream which include a wide range of inflammatory diseases and cancer metastasis. Many studies have confirmed the function of sialyl Le(a) and sialyl Le(x) in animal models of these diseases and the inhibition of binding of sialyl Le(a) and sialyl Le(x) to the selectins is a validated drug target in the pharmaceutical industry. Thus, a new class of drugs, arising from the field of glycobiology, is based on the rational design of small molecule drugs that mimic the structures sialyl Le(a) and sialyl Le(x) and can potently inhibit their functional binding to the selectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Magnani
- GlycoMimetics Inc., 14915 Broschart Road, Rockville, MD, USA.
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11
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Chatterjee AK, Choi TL, Sanders DP, Grubbs RH. A General Model for Selectivity in Olefin Cross Metathesis. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:11360-70. [PMID: 16220959 DOI: 10.1021/ja0214882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1227] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, olefin cross metathesis (CM) has emerged as a powerful and convenient synthetic technique in organic chemistry; however, as a general synthetic method, CM has been limited by the lack of predictability in product selectivity and stereoselectivity. Investigations into olefin cross metathesis with several classes of olefins, including substituted and functionalized styrenes, secondary allylic alcohols, tertiary allylic alcohols, and olefins with alpha-quaternary centers, have led to a general model useful for the prediction of product selectivity and stereoselectivity in cross metathesis. As a general ranking of olefin reactivity in CM, olefins can be categorized by their relative abilities to undergo homodimerization via cross metathesis and the susceptibility of their homodimers toward secondary metathesis reactions. When an olefin of high reactivity is reacted with an olefin of lower reactivity (sterically bulky, electron-deficient, etc.), selective cross metathesis can be achieved using feedstock stoichiometries as low as 1:1. By employing a metathesis catalyst with the appropriate activity, selective cross metathesis reactions can be achieved with a wide variety of electron-rich, electron-deficient, and sterically bulky olefins. Application of this model has allowed for the prediction and development of selective cross metathesis reactions, culminating in unprecedented three-component intermolecular cross metathesis reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab K Chatterjee
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories for Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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12
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Kulesza A, Ebetino FH, Mazur AW. Synthesis of 1-substituted 2,3-dihydro-7H-oxepin-4-one from an amino acid. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(03)01226-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Singh G, Vankayalapati H. Efficient stereocontrolled synthesis of C-glycosides using glycosyl donors substituted by propane 1,3-diyl phosphate as the leaving group. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(01)00305-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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14
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Bradley SJ, Fazli A, Kiefel MJ, von Itzstein M. Synthesis of novel sialylmimetics as biological probes. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:1587-90. [PMID: 11412987 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00276-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Glycomimetics are increasingly being recognised as powerful tools in the search for novel compounds that possess useful biological properties. This paper describes our preliminary efforts towards the development of novel mimetics of sialic acid thioglycosides. These sialylmimetics are readily prepared and have been shown, in some instances, to have biological properties similar to sialic acid thioglycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Bradley
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
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15
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Gurjar MK, Yakambram P. Temperature-dependent isomerisation versus net fragmentation of secondary allylic alcohols with Grubbs’ catalyst. Tetrahedron Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)00449-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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17
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Choi TL, Chatterjee AK, Grubbs RH. Synthesis of alpha,beta-Unsaturated Amides by Olefin Cross-Metathesis The authors would like to thank the National Institutes of Health for generous support of this research, and D. Benitez, C. Bielawski, Dr. S. D. Goldberg, Dr. C. W. Lee, J. P. Morgan, and M. S. Sanford for helpful discussions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001; 40:1277-1279. [PMID: 11301449 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20010401)40:7<1277::aid-anie1277>3.0.co;2-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Lim Choi
- Arnold and Mabel Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis California Institute of Technology Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Mail Code 164-30, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
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18
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Kaila N, Thomas BE, Thakker P, Alvarez JC, Camphausen RT, Crommie D. Design and synthesis of sialyl Lewis x mimics as E-selectin inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:151-5. [PMID: 11206447 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00623-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of novel beta-C-mannosides that inhibit the binding of sialyl Lewis x to E-selectin are described. Compounds that contained a phenyl substituent at the C-6 position were found to have increased potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kaila
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Wyeth Research, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA.
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19
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Dondoni A, Marra A. Methods for anomeric carbon-linked and fused sugar amino Acid synthesis: the gateway to artificial glycopeptides. Chem Rev 2000; 100:4395-422. [PMID: 11749352 DOI: 10.1021/cr9903003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Dondoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Laboratorio di Chimica Organica, Università di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
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