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Yanik S, Emre D, Alp M, Algi F, Yilmaz S, Bilici A, Ozkan-Ariksoysal D. A novel electrochemical biosensor based on palladium nanoparticles decorated on reduced graphene oxide-polyaminophenol matrix for the detection and discrimination of mitomycin C-DNA and acyclovir-DNA interaction. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 234:115524. [PMID: 37320972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Both the design of molecules that will interact specifically with DNA and the determination of the mechanism of action of this drug on DNA are important as they allow the control of gene expression. In particular, rapid and precise analysis of this type of interaction is a vital element for pharmaceutical studies. In the present study, a novel reduced graphene oxide/ palladium nanoparticles/ poly(2-amino-4-chlorophenol) (rGO/Pd@PACP) nanocomposite was synthesized by chemical process to modify pencil graphite electrode (PGE) surface. Here, the performance of the newly developed nanomaterial-based biosensor for drug-DNA interaction analysis has been demonstrated. For this purpose, it was determined whether this system, which was developed by selecting a drug molecule (Mitomycin C; MC) known to interact with DNA and a drug molecule (Acyclovir; ACY) that does not interact with DNA, performs a reliable/accurate analysis. Here, ACY was used as a negative control. Compared to bare PGE, the rGO/Pd@PACP nanomaterial modified sensor exhibited 17 times higher sensitivity performance in terms of guanine oxidation signal measured by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Moreover, the developed nanobiosensor system provided a highly specific determination between the anticancer drug MC and ACY by discrimination the interactions of these drugs with double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). ACY was also preferred in studies for the optimization of the new nanobiosensor developed. ACY was detected in a concentration as low as 0.0513 μM (51.3 nM) (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.1711 μM with a linear range from 0.1 to 0.5 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan Yanik
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Deniz Emre
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Vocational School of Health Services, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Meltem Alp
- Aksaray University, Department of Biotechnology & ASUBTAM M. Bilmez BioNanoTech Lab., Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Fatih Algi
- Aksaray University, Department of Biotechnology & ASUBTAM M. Bilmez BioNanoTech Lab., Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Selehattin Yilmaz
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Çanakkale, Turkey.
| | - Ali Bilici
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Çanakkale, Turkey
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Astrain-Redin N, Sanmartin C, Sharma AK, Plano D. From Natural Sources to Synthetic Derivatives: The Allyl Motif as a Powerful Tool for Fragment-Based Design in Cancer Treatment. J Med Chem 2023; 66:3703-3731. [PMID: 36858050 PMCID: PMC10041541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Since the beginning of history, natural products have been an abundant source of bioactive molecules for the treatment of different diseases, including cancer. Many allyl derivatives, which have shown anticancer activity both in vitro and in vivo in a large number of cancers, are bioactive molecules found in garlic, cinnamon, nutmeg, or mustard. In addition, synthetic products containing allyl fragments have been developed showing potent anticancer properties. Of particular note is the allyl derivative 17-AAG, which has been evaluated in Phase I and Phase II/III clinical trials for the treatment of multiple myeloma, metastatic melanoma, renal cancer, and breast cancer. In this Perspective, we compile extensive literature evidence with descriptions and discussions of the most recent advances in different natural and synthetic allyl derivatives that could generate cancer drug candidates in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Astrain-Redin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Sanmartin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Arun K Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Cancer Institute, CH72, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Daniel Plano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Cancer Institute, CH72, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
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Dormousoglou M, Boti V, Hela D, Vlastos D, Antonopoulou M, Chondrogiannis C, Petropoulou Y, Dailianis S. Beneficial properties of Drimia numidica leaf methanolic extract against the cytogenotoxic effects of mitomycin C on human lymphocytes. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 173:113626. [PMID: 36682415 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the phytochemical profile of Drimia numidica leaf methanolic extract, as well as its cyto-genotoxic and cyto/genoprotective potential against mitomycin C (MMC) mediated effects on healthy human lymphocytes. Photosynthetic pigments, trace elements, and secondary metabolites were estimated and/or identified in methanolic extract of mature leaves, and the latter was further used for assessing its in vitro biological effects on MMC-free and/or MMC-treated human lymphocytes (at low, non-toxic concentrations of 0.001 and 0.01% v/v). The results showed that D. numidica leaf methanolic extract, being rich in carotenoids, phenolics, flavonoids, organic acids and bufadienolides, could be protective against MMC mediated cyto/genotoxic potential in healthy human lymphocytes. Biomolecules possessing antioxidant and antitumor potential, such as beta-carotene and lutein among others, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and their derivatives, minerals such as Si, as well as apigenin- and luteolin-derived glycosides, either individual or in a mixture, could be beneficial rather than harmful, at least at the extract concentrations tested. Although further in vitro and in vivo studies are still needed for elucidating the beneficial (individual and/or additive/synergistic) role of those compounds, the results of the present study are quite promising, thus encouraging new challenges for the appropriate utilization of D. numidica leaf extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Dormousoglou
- Department of Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, GR-26500, Rio, Patras, Greece; Department of Sustainable Agriculture, University of Patras, GR-30100, Agrinio, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Boti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, GR-45110, Ioannina, Greece; Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), Ioannina, GR-45110, Greece; Unit of Environmental, Organic and Biochemical High-resolution Analysis-Orbitrap-LC-MS, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, GR-45110, Greece
| | - Dimitra Hela
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, GR-45110, Ioannina, Greece; Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), Ioannina, GR-45110, Greece
| | - Dimitris Vlastos
- Department of Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, GR-26500, Rio, Patras, Greece
| | - Maria Antonopoulou
- Department of Sustainable Agriculture, University of Patras, GR-30100, Agrinio, Greece
| | - Christos Chondrogiannis
- Department of Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, GR-26500, Rio, Patras, Greece
| | - Yiola Petropoulou
- Department of Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, GR-26500, Rio, Patras, Greece
| | - Stefanos Dailianis
- Department of Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, GR-26500, Rio, Patras, Greece.
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Pitchakarn P, Inthachat W, Karinchai J, Temviriyanukul P. Human Hazard Assessment Using Drosophila Wing Spot Test as an Alternative In Vivo Model for Genotoxicity Testing-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9932. [PMID: 34576092 PMCID: PMC8472225 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability, one of cancer's hallmarks, is induced by genotoxins from endogenous and exogenous sources, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), diet, and environmental pollutants. A sensitive in vivo genotoxicity test is required for the identification of human hazards to reduce the potential health risk. The somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) or wing spot test is a genotoxicity assay involving Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) as a classical, alternative human model. This review describes the principle of the SMART assay in conjunction with its advantages and disadvantages and discusses applications of the assay covering all segments of health-related industries, including food, dietary supplements, drug industries, pesticides, and herbicides, as well as nanoparticles. Chemopreventive strategies are outlined as a global health trend for the anti-genotoxicity of interesting herbal extract compounds determined by SMART assay. The successful application of Drosophila for high-throughput screening of mutagens is also discussed as a future perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornsiri Pitchakarn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.P.); (J.K.)
| | - Woorawee Inthachat
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand;
| | - Jirarat Karinchai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.P.); (J.K.)
| | - Piya Temviriyanukul
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand;
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Alili L, Diekmann J, Giesen M, Holtkötter O, Brenneisen P. A drug-induced accelerated senescence (DIAS) is a possibility to study aging in time lapse. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 36:9658. [PMID: 24833306 PMCID: PMC4082584 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-014-9658-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the oxidative stress (or free radical) theory of aging is the most popular explanation of how aging occurs at the molecular level. Accordingly, a stress-induced senescence-like phenotype of human dermal fibroblasts can be induced in vitro by the exposure of human diploid fibroblasts to subcytotoxic concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. However, several biomarkers of replicative senescence e.g. cell cycle arrest and enlarged morphology are abrogated 14 days after treatment, indicating that reactive oxygen species (ROS) rather acts as a trigger for short-term senescence (1-3 days) than being responsible for the maintenance of the senescence-like phenotype. Further, DNA-damaging factors are discussed resulting in a permanent senescent cell type. To induce long-term premature senescence and to understand the molecular alterations occurring during the aging process, we analyzed mitomycin C (MMC) as an alkylating DNA-damaging agent and ROS producer. Human dermal fibroblasts (HDF), used as model for skin aging, were exposed to non-cytotoxic concentrations of MMC and analyzed for potential markers of cellular aging, for example enlarged morphology, activity of senescence-associated-ß-galactosidase, cell cycle arrest, increased ROS production and MMP1-activity, which are well-documented for HDF in replicative senescence. Our data show that mitomycin C treatment results in a drug-induced accelerated senescence (DIAS) with long-term expression of senescence markers, demonstrating that a combination of different susceptibility factors, here ROS and DNA alkylation, are necessary to induce a permanent senescent cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirija Alili
- Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany,
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Brüsehafer K, Rees BJ, Manshian BB, Doherty AT, O’Donovan MR, Doak SH, Jenkins GJS. Chromosome Breakage Induced by the Genotoxic Agents Mitomycin C and Cytosine arabinoside is Concentration and p53 Dependent. Toxicol Sci 2014; 140:94-102. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Samanta SK, Dutta D, Roy S, Bhattacharya K, Sarkar S, Dasgupta AK, Pal BC, Mandal C, Mandal C. Mahanine, A DNA Minor Groove Binding Agent Exerts Cellular Cytotoxicity with Involvement of C-7-OH and −NH Functional Groups. J Med Chem 2013; 56:5709-21. [DOI: 10.1021/jm400290q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suman K. Samanta
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory
Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research—Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Devawati Dutta
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory
Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research—Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sarita Roy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road,
Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Kaushik Bhattacharya
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory
Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research—Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sayantani Sarkar
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory
Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research—Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Anjan K. Dasgupta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road,
Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Bikas C. Pal
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, 4
Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Chhabinath Mandal
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, 4
Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Chitra Mandal
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory
Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research—Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
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Erdem A, Muti M, Papakonstantinou P, Canavar E, Karadeniz H, Congur G, Sharma S. Graphene oxide integrated sensor for electrochemical monitoring of mitomycin C–DNA interaction. Analyst 2012; 137:2129-35. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an16011k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Protective effect of melatonin against mitomycin C-induced genotoxic damage in peripheral blood of rats. J Biomed Biotechnol 2009; 2009:791432. [PMID: 19859567 PMCID: PMC2764378 DOI: 10.1155/2009/791432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2009] [Accepted: 08/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitomycin C (MMC) generates free radicals when metabolized. We investigated the effect of melatonin against MMC-induced genotoxicity in polychromatic erythrocytes and MMC-induced lipid peroxidation in brain and liver homogenates. Rats (N = 36) were classified into 4 groups: control, melatonin, MMC, and MMC + melatonin. Melatonin and MMC doses of
10 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg, respectively, were injected intraperitoneally. Peripheral blood samples were collected at 0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours posttreatment and homogenates were obtained at 96 hours posttreatment. The number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MN-PCE) per 1000 PCE was used as a genotoxic marker. Malondialdehyde (MDA) plus 4-hydroxyalkenal (4-HDA) levels were used as an index of lipid peroxidation. The MMC group showed a significant increase in MN-PCE at 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours that was significantly reduced with melatonin begin coadministrated. No significant differences were found in lipid peroxidation. Our results indicate that MMC-induced genotoxicity can be reduced by melatonin.
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Lage C, Alencar TD, Vidal LS, Wilmart-Gonçalves TC, Borba-Santos L, Alves AM, Paula-Pereira-Jr MV, Felicio DL, Irineu R, Cardoso JS, Leitão AC. Targeting DNA in therapies: using damages to design strategies on cell sensitisation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/101/1/012013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Gallmeier E, Hucl T, Brody JR, Dezentje DA, Tahir K, Kasparkova J, Brabec V, Bachman KE, Kern SE. High-throughput screening identifies novel agents eliciting hypersensitivity in Fanconi pathway-deficient cancer cells. Cancer Res 2007; 67:2169-77. [PMID: 17332347 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-2711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Inactivation of the Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway occurs in diverse human tumors among the general population and renders those tumors hypersensitive to DNA interstrand-cross-linking (ICL) agents. The identification of novel agents to which FA pathway-deficient cells were hypersensitive could provide new therapeutic opportunities and improve our molecular understanding of the FA genes. Using high-throughput screening, we assessed the growth of isogenic human cancer cells that differed only in the presence or absence of single FA genes upon treatment with 880 active drugs and 40,000 diverse compounds. We identified several compounds to which FA pathway-deficient cells were more sensitive than FA pathway-proficient cells, including two groups of structurally related compounds. We further investigated the compound eliciting the strongest effect, termed 80136342. Its mechanism of action was distinct from that of ICL agents; 80136342 did not cause increased chromosomal aberrations, enhanced FANCD2 monoubiquitination, H2AX phosphorylation, p53 activation, or ICL induction. Similar to ICL agents, however, 80136342 caused a pronounced G(2) arrest in FA pathway-deficient cells. When applied in combination with ICL agents, 80136342 had at least additive toxic effects, excluding interferences on ICL-induced toxicity and facilitating a combinational application. Finally, we identified one particular methyl group necessary for the effects of 80136342 on FA-deficient cells. In conclusion, using high-throughput screening in an isogenic human FA cancer model, we explored a novel approach to identify agents eliciting hypersensitivity in FA pathway-deficient cells. We discovered several attractive candidates to serve as lead compounds for evaluating structure-activity relationships and developing therapeutics selectively targeting FA pathway-deficient tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eike Gallmeier
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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Mullerad M, Bochner BH, Adusumilli PS, Bhargava A, Kikuchi E, Hui-Ni C, Kattan MW, Chou TC, Fong Y. Herpes simplex virus based gene therapy enhances the efficacy of mitomycin C for the treatment of human bladder transitional cell carcinoma. J Urol 2005; 174:741-6. [PMID: 16006968 PMCID: PMC1351159 DOI: 10.1097/01.ju.0000164730.38431.5c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oncolytic replication competent herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV) mutants have the ability to replicate in and kill malignant cells. We have previously reported the ability of replication competent HSV to control bladder cancer growth in an orthotopic murine model. We hypothesized that the combination of a chemotherapeutic agent used for intravesical treatment, namely mitomycin C (MMC) (Bristol-Myers Squibb Oncology, Princeton, New Jersey), and oncolytic HSV would exert a synergistic effect for the treatment of human transitional cell carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used mutant HSV NV1066 (Medigene, San Diego, California), which is deleted for viral genes ICP0 and ICP4, and selectively infects cancer cells, to treat the transitional cell carcinoma lines KU19-19 and SKUB. Cell survival was determined by lactate dehydrogenase assay for each agent as well as for drug-viral combinations from days 1 to 5. The isobologram method and the combination index method of Chou-Talalay were used to assess the synergistic effect. RESULTS NV1066 enhanced MMC mediated cytotoxicity at all combinations tested for KU19-19 and SKUB. The combination of the 2 agents demonstrated a synergistic effect and allowed dose reduction by 12 and 10.4 times (NV1066), and by 3 and 156 times (MMC) for the treatment of KU19-19 and SKUB, respectively, while achieving an estimated 90% cell kill. CONCLUSIONS These data provide the cellular basis for the clinical investigation of combined MMC and oncolytic HSV therapy for the treatment of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ting-Chao Chou
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemisrty Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Yuman Fong
- Surgery, and the
- Corresponding author: Dr Yuman Fong, Gastric Mixed Tumor Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, Phone: 212-639-2016, Fax: 646-422-2358, E-mail:
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Quinones M, Kimsey HH, Waldor MK. LexA Cleavage Is Required for CTX Prophage Induction. Mol Cell 2005; 17:291-300. [PMID: 15664197 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2004.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2004] [Revised: 10/12/2004] [Accepted: 11/19/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The physiologic conditions and molecular interactions that control phage production have been studied in few temperate phages. We investigated the mechanisms that regulate production of CTXphi, a temperate filamentous phage that infects Vibrio cholerae and encodes cholera toxin. In CTXphi lysogens, the activity of P(rstA), the only CTXphi promoter required for CTX prophage development, is repressed by RstR, the CTXvphi repressor. We found that the V. cholerae SOS response regulates CTXvphi production. The molecular mechanism by which this cellular response to DNA damage controls CTXphi production differs from that by which the E. coli SOS response controls induction of many prophages. UV-stimulated CTXphi production required RecA-dependent autocleavage of LexA, a repressor that controls expression of numerous host DNA repair genes. LexA and RstR both bind to and repress P(rstA). Thus, CTXphi production is controlled by a cellular repressor whose activity is regulated by the cell's response to DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Quinones
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine and The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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Bova MP, Mattson MN, Vasile S, Tam D, Holsinger L, Bremer M, Hui T, McMahon G, Rice A, Fukuto JM. The oxidative mechanism of action of ortho-quinone inhibitors of protein-tyrosine phosphatase α is mediated by hydrogen peroxide. Arch Biochem Biophys 2004; 429:30-41. [PMID: 15288807 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2004.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2004] [Revised: 05/11/2004] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report the identification and characterization of five ortho-quinone inhibitors of PTPalpha. We observed that the potency of these compounds in biochemical assays was markedly enhanced by the presence of DTT. A kinetic analysis suggested that they were functioning as irreversible inhibitors and that the inhibition was targeted to the catalytic site of PTPalpha. The inhibition observed by these compounds was sensitive to superoxide dismutase and catalase, suggesting that reactive oxygen species may be mediators of their inhibition. We observed that in the presence of DTT, these compounds would produce up to 2.5mM hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). The levels of H(2)O(2) produced were sufficient to completely inactivate PTPalpha. In contrast, without a reducing agent the compounds did not generate H(2)O(2) and showed little activity towards PTPalpha. In addition, these compounds inhibited PTPalpha-dependent cell spreading in NIH 3T3 cells at concentrations that were similar to their activity in biochemical assays. The biological implications of these results are discussed as they support growing evidence that H(2)O(2) is a key regulator of PTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Bova
- Drug Discovery, SUGEN Inc., 230 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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Ozkan D, Karadeniz H, Erdem A, Mascini M, Ozsoz M. Electrochemical genosensor for Mitomycin C–DNA interaction based on guanine signal. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2004; 35:905-12. [PMID: 15193735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2004.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2003] [Revised: 03/01/2004] [Accepted: 03/02/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of mitomycin C (MC) with fish sperm or calf thymus DNA immobilized onto carbon screen-printed electrodes (CSPE) and carbon paste electrode (CPE) have been studied by using electrochemical techniques as square wave voltammetry (SWV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). After the interaction was occurred between DNA and MC on electrode surface, it was observed that the guanine signal was higher with bare electrode than DNA-modified one. The changes in the experimental parameters such as the concentration of MC, and the accumulation time of MC were studied by using SWV and DPV. In addition, reproducibility, and detection limit parameters were determined using both electrodes. The partition coefficient of MC was also calculated before and after interaction of MC with dsDNA at CPE surface. These results showed that these two different DNA biosensors could be used for the sensitive, rapid and cost effective detection of MC-DNA interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilsat Ozkan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35100 Bornova-Izmir, Turkey
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Lage C, de Pádula M, de Alencar TAM, da Fonseca Gonçalves SR, da Silva Vidal L, Cabral-Neto J, Leitão AC. New insights on how nucleotide excision repair could remove DNA adducts induced by chemotherapeutic agents and psoralens plus UV-A (PUVA) in Escherichia coli cells. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2003; 544:143-57. [PMID: 14644316 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2003.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic agents such as mitomycin C or nitrogen mustards induce DNA inter-strand cross-links (ICL) and are highly toxic, thus constituting an useful tool to treat some human degenerative diseases, such as cancer. Additionally, psoralens plus UV-A (PUVA), which also induce ICL, find use in treatment of patients afflicted with psoriasis and vitiligo. The repair of DNA ICL generated by different molecules involves a number of multi-step DNA repair pathways. In bacteria, as in eukaryotic cells, if DNA ICL are not tolerated or repaired via nucleotide excision repair (NER), homologous recombination or translesion synthesis pathways, these DNA lesions may lead to mutations and cell death. Herein, we bring new insights to the role of Escherichia coli nucleotide excision repair genes uvrA, uvrB and uvrC in the repair of DNA damage induced by some chemotherapeutic agents and psoralen derivatives plus UV-A. These new observations point to a novel role for the UvrB protein, independent of its previously described role in the Uvr(A)BC complex, which could be specific for repair of monoadducts, intra-strand biadducts and/or ICL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Lage
- Laboratório de Radiobiologia Molecular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Bloco G, Centro de Ciencias da Saude, Universidade de Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21949-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Wei Y, Vollmer AC, LaRossa RA. In vivo titration of mitomycin C action by four Escherichia coli genomic regions on multicopy plasmids. J Bacteriol 2001; 183:2259-64. [PMID: 11244065 PMCID: PMC95132 DOI: 10.1128/jb.183.7.2259-2264.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitomycin C (MMC), a DNA-damaging agent, is a potent inducer of the bacterial SOS response; surprisingly, it has not been used to select resistant mutants from wild-type Escherichia coli. MMC resistance is caused by the presence of any of four distinct E. coli genes (mdfA, gyrl, rob, and sdiA) on high-copy-number vectors. mdfA encodes a membrane efflux pump whose overexpression results in broad-spectrum chemical resistance. The gyrI (also called sbmC) gene product inhibits DNA gyrase activity in vitro, while the rob protein appears to function in transcriptional activation of efflux pumps. SdiA is a transcriptional activator of ftsQAZ genes involved in cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wei
- Biochemical Science and Engineering, Central Research and Development, DuPont Company, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0173, USA
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