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Bieler R, Collins TM, Golding R, Granados-Cifuentes C, Healy JM, Rawlings TA, Sierwald P. Replacing mechanical protection with colorful faces-twice: parallel evolution of the non-operculate marine worm-snail genera Thylacodes (Guettard, 1770) and Cayo n. gen. (Gastropoda: Vermetidae). PeerJ 2023; 11:e15854. [PMID: 37842057 PMCID: PMC10569170 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Vermetid worm-snails are sessile and irregularly coiled marine mollusks common in warmer nearshore and coral reef environments that are subject to high predation pressures by fish. Often cryptic, some have evolved sturdy shells or long columellar muscles allowing quick withdrawal into better protected parts of the shell tube, and most have variously developed opercula that protect and seal the shell aperture trapdoor-like. Members of Thylacodes (previously: Serpulorbis) lack such opercular protection. Its species often show polychromatic head-foot coloration, and some have aposematic coloration likely directed at fish predators. A new polychromatic species, Thylacodes bermudensis n. sp., is described from Bermuda and compared morphologically and by DNA barcode markers to the likewise polychromatic western Atlantic species T. decussatus (Gmelin, 1791). Operculum loss, previously assumed to be an autapomorphy of Thylacodes, is shown to have occurred convergently in a second clade of the family, for which a new genus Cayo n. gen. and four new western Atlantic species are introduced: C. margarita n. sp. (type species; with type locality in the Florida Keys), C. galbinus n. sp., C. refulgens n. sp., and C. brunneimaculatus n. sp. (the last three with type locality in the Belizean reef) (all new taxa authored by Bieler, Collins, Golding & Rawlings). Cayo n. gen. differs from Thylacodes in morphology (e.g., a protoconch that is wider than tall), behavior (including deep shell entrenchment into the substratum), reproductive biology (fewer egg capsules and eggs per female; an obliquely attached egg capsule stalk), and in some species, a luminous, "neon-like", head-foot coloration. Comparative investigation of the eusperm and parasperm ultrastructure also revealed differences, with a laterally flattened eusperm acrosome observed in two species of Cayo n. gen. and a spiral keel on the eusperm nucleus in one, the latter feature currently unique within the family. A molecular phylogenetic analysis based on mitochondrial and nuclear rRNA gene sequences (12SrRNA, trnV, 16SrRNA, 28SrRNA) strongly supports the independent evolution of the two non-operculate lineages of vermetids. Thylacodes forms a sister grouping to a clade comprising Petaloconchus, Eualetes, and Cupolaconcha, whereas Cayo n. gen is strongly allied with the small-operculate species Vermetus triquetrus and V. bieleri. COI barcode markers provide support for the species-level status of the new taxa. Aspects of predator avoidance/deterrence are discussed for these non-operculate vermetids, which appear to involve warning coloration, aggressive behavior when approached by fish, and deployment of mucous feeding nets that have been shown, for one vermetid in a prior study, to contain bioactive metabolites avoided by fish. As such, non-operculate vermetids show characteristics similar to nudibranch slugs for which the evolution of warning coloration and chemical defenses has been explored previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger Bieler
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Timothy M. Collins
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Rosemary Golding
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Camila Granados-Cifuentes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - John M. Healy
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Biodiversity and Geosciences Program, Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Timothy A. Rawlings
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Cape Breton University, Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Petra Sierwald
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, United States of America
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Xiao S, Riordon J, Lagunov A, Ghaffarzadeh M, Hannam T, Nosrati R, Sinton D. Human sperm cooperate to transit highly viscous regions on the competitive pathway to fertilization. Commun Biol 2023; 6:495. [PMID: 37149719 PMCID: PMC10164193 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04875-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human sperm compete for fertilization. Here, we find that human sperm, unexpectedly, cooperate under conditions mimicking the viscosity contrasts in the female reproductive tract. Sperm attach at the head region to migrate as a cooperative group upon transit into and through a high viscosity medium (15-100 cP) from low viscosity seminal fluid. Sperm groups benefit from higher swimming velocity, exceeding that of individual sperm by over 50%. We find that sperm associated with a group possess high DNA integrity (7% fragmentation index) - a stark contrast to individual sperm exhibiting low DNA integrity (> 50% fragmentation index) - and feature membrane decapacitation factors that mediate sperm attachment to form the group. Cooperative behaviour becomes less prevalent upon capacitation and groups tend to disband as the surrounding viscosity reduces. When sperm from different male sources are present, related sperm preferentially form groups and achieve greater swimming velocity, while unrelated sperm are slowed by their involvement in a group. These findings reveal cooperation as a selective mode of human sperm motion - sperm with high DNA integrity cooperate to transit the highly viscous regions in the female tract and outcompete rival sperm for fertilization - and provide insight into cooperation-based sperm selection strategies for assisted reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa Xiao
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Jason Riordon
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Reza Nosrati
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - David Sinton
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8, Canada.
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Shibata D, Morita M, Sato Y, Shiba K, Kitanobo S, Yokoya R, Inaba K. Axonemal Growth and Alignment During Paraspermatogenesis in the Marine Gastropod Strombus luhuanus. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:905748. [PMID: 35832793 PMCID: PMC9271582 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.905748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasperm are non-fertilizing sperm that are produced simultaneously with fertile eusperm. They occur in several animal species and show considerable morphological diversity. We investigated the dynamics of axonemes during paraspermatogenesis in the marine snail S. luhuanus. Mature parasperm were characterized by two lateral undulating membranes for motility and many globular vesicles. Axonemes were first observed as brush-like structures that extruded from the anterior region. Multiple axonemes longer than the brush then started to extend inside the cytoplasm towards the posterior region. The mass of the axonemes separated into two lateral rows and formed an undulating membrane that drives bidirectional swimming in the mature parasperm. The central pair of axonemes was aligned in the undulating membrane, resulting in cooperative bend propagation. During paraspermatogenesis, centrioles were largely diminished and localized to the anterior region. CEP290, a major component of the transition zone, showed a broad distribution in the anterior area. Axonemes in the posterior region showed a 9 + 0 structure with both outer and inner arm dyneins. These observations provide a structural basis for understanding the physiological functions of parasperm in marine reproductive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Shibata
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masaya Morita
- Sesoko Station, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yu Sato
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kogiku Shiba
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Seiya Kitanobo
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ryo Yokoya
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuo Inaba
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shizuoka, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kazuo Inaba,
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Lobov AA, Babkina IY, Danilov LG, Masharskiy AE, Predeus AV, Mikhailova NA, Granovitch AI, Maltseva AL. Species-Specific Proteins in the Oviducts of Snail Sibling Species: Proteotranscriptomic Study of Littorina fabalis and L. obtusata. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10111087. [PMID: 34827080 PMCID: PMC8614816 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Genus Littorina subgenus Neritrema (Mollusca, Caenogastropoda) includes the "obtusata" group of closely related species (Littorina obtusata and L. fabalis). The anatomy of the adult reproductive system (pallial oviduct) is the only reliable feature used for species identification in females of these species. Reproductive system anatomy and reproduction-associated proteins often diverge between sibling species. Despite being of high evolutionary interest, the molecular basis of this divergence remains poorly understood. We performed proteotranscriptomic comparison of oviducts of L. obtusata and L. fabalis by RNA-seq on Illumina HiSeq 2500 and two-dimensional protein electrophoresis (2D DIGE) with MS/MS identification of the species-specific proteins. The interspecies differences in the oviduct were associated with (1) metabolic proteins reflecting overall physiological differences between L. obtusata and L. fabalis, (2) receptor proteins, and (3) transcripts related to transposable elements (TEs). Various receptors identified may recognize a wide variety of ligands from pathogen-associated molecular patterns to specific carbohydrates on the sperm surface. Therefore, these may participate in immune defense as well as in sperm storage and regulation. Species-specificity of multiple TE sequences (coding for reverse transcriptase and ribonuclease H) may indicate the important role of these genomic elements in the Littorina species divergence, which has not been reported previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arseniy A. Lobov
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.Y.B.); (A.I.G.); (A.L.M.)
- Laboratory of Regenerative Biomedicine, Institute of Cytology of the RAS, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence: or
| | - Irina Y. Babkina
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.Y.B.); (A.I.G.); (A.L.M.)
| | - Lavrentii G. Danilov
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Alexey E. Masharskiy
- Core Facility Center, “Development of Molecular and Cell Technologies” and “Biobank”, St. Petersburg State University, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | | | - Natalia A. Mikhailova
- Centre of Cell Technologies, Institute of Cytology of the RAS, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Andrei I. Granovitch
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.Y.B.); (A.I.G.); (A.L.M.)
| | - Arina L. Maltseva
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.Y.B.); (A.I.G.); (A.L.M.)
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Pitnick S, Wolfner MF, Dorus S. Post-ejaculatory modifications to sperm (PEMS). Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:365-392. [PMID: 31737992 PMCID: PMC7643048 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian sperm must spend a minimum period of time within a female reproductive tract to achieve the capacity to fertilize oocytes. This phenomenon, termed sperm 'capacitation', was discovered nearly seven decades ago and opened a window into the complexities of sperm-female interaction. Capacitation is most commonly used to refer to a specific combination of processes that are believed to be widespread in mammals and includes modifications to the sperm plasma membrane, elevation of intracellular cyclic AMP levels, induction of protein tyrosine phosphorylation, increased intracellular Ca2+ levels, hyperactivation of motility, and, eventually, the acrosome reaction. Capacitation is only one example of post-ejaculatory modifications to sperm (PEMS) that are widespread throughout the animal kingdom. Although PEMS are less well studied in non-mammalian taxa, they likely represent the rule rather than the exception in species with internal fertilization. These PEMS are diverse in form and collectively represent the outcome of selection fashioning complex maturational trajectories of sperm that include multiple, sequential phenotypes that are specialized for stage-specific functionality within the female. In many cases, PEMS are critical for sperm to migrate successfully through the female reproductive tract, survive a protracted period of storage, reach the site of fertilization and/or achieve the capacity to fertilize eggs. We predict that PEMS will exhibit widespread phenotypic plasticity mediated by sperm-female interactions. The successful execution of PEMS thus has important implications for variation in fitness and the operation of post-copulatory sexual selection. Furthermore, it may provide a widespread mechanism of reproductive isolation and the maintenance of species boundaries. Despite their possible ubiquity and importance, the investigation of PEMS has been largely descriptive, lacking any phylogenetic consideration with regard to divergence, and there have been no theoretical or empirical investigations of their evolutionary significance. Here, we (i) clarify PEMS-related nomenclature; (ii) address the evolutionary origin, maintenance and divergence in PEMS in the context of the protracted life history of sperm and the complex, selective environment of the female reproductive tract; (iii) describe taxonomically widespread types of PEMS: sperm activation, chemotaxis and the dissociation of sperm conjugates; (iv) review the occurence of PEMS throughout the animal kingdom; (v) consider alternative hypotheses for the adaptive value of PEMS; (vi) speculate on the evolutionary implications of PEMS for genomic architecture, sexual selection, and reproductive isolation; and (vii) suggest fruitful directions for future functional and evolutionary analyses of PEMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Pitnick
- Department of Biology, Center for Reproductive Evolution, Syacuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Mariana F. Wolfner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Steve Dorus
- Department of Biology, Center for Reproductive Evolution, Syacuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
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6
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Buckland-Nicks JA, Fields AH. Genesis and structure of eusperm and parasperm of Plicopurpura patula in relation to phylogeny of Neogastropoda: proteomics of parasperm suggests role in paternity assurance. INVERTEBR REPROD DEV 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2019.1695681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela H. Fields
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados
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7
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Roy S, Saha SK, Ghorai N. The fine structure of gametogenesis and somatic cells in the ovotestis of the terrestrial pulmonate slug, Laevicaulis alte (Férussac, 1822). MOLLUSCAN RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/13235818.2019.1634307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Roy
- Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Kolkata, India
| | - Samir Kumar Saha
- Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Kolkata, India
| | - Narayan Ghorai
- Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Kolkata, India
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8
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Mongue AJ, Hansen ME, Gu L, Sorenson CE, Walters JR. Nonfertilizing sperm in Lepidoptera show little evidence for recurrent positive selection. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:2517-2530. [PMID: 30972892 PMCID: PMC6584056 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sperm are among the most variable cells in nature. Some of this variation results from nonadaptive errors in spermatogenesis, but many species consistently produce multiple sperm morphs, the adaptive significance of which remains unknown. Here, we investigate the evolution of dimorphic sperm in Lepidoptera, the butterflies and moths. Males of this order produce both fertilizing sperm and a secondary, nonfertilizing type that lacks DNA. Previous organismal studies suggested a role for nonfertilizing sperm in sperm competition, but this hypothesis has never been evaluated from a molecular framework. We combined published data sets with new sequencing in two species, the monandrous Carolina sphinx moth and the highly polyandrous monarch butterfly. Based on population genetic analyses, we see evidence for increased adaptive evolution in fertilizing sperm, but only in the polyandrous species. This signal comes primarily from a decrease in nonsynonymous polymorphism in sperm proteins compared to the rest of the genome, suggesting stronger purifying selection, consistent with selection via sperm competition. Nonfertilizing sperm proteins, in contrast, do not show an effect of mating system and do not appear to evolve differently from the background genome in either species, arguing against the involvement of nonfertilizing sperm in direct sperm competition. Based on our results and previous work, we suggest that nonfertilizing sperm may be used to delay female remating in these insects and decrease the risk of sperm competition rather than directly affect its outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Mongue
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Megan E Hansen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Liuqi Gu
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Clyde E Sorenson
- Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - James R Walters
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
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Alpern JHM, Asselin MM, Moehring AJ. Identification of a novel sperm class and its role in fertilization in Drosophila. J Evol Biol 2018; 32:259-266. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Hermaphroditism in a violet snail, Janthina pallida (Gastropoda, Caenogastropoda): a contribution. Biologia (Bratisl) 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-018-00177-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Shahid U, Singh P. Emerging Picture of Deuterosome-Dependent Centriole Amplification in MCCs. Cells 2018; 7:E152. [PMID: 30262752 PMCID: PMC6210342 DOI: 10.3390/cells7100152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiciliated cells (MCCs) have several hair-like structures called cilia, which are required to propel substances on their surface. A cilium is organized from a basal body which resembles a hollow microtubule structure called a centriole. In terminally differentiated MCCs, hundreds of new basal bodies/centrioles are formed via two parallel pathways: the centriole- and deuterosome-dependent pathways. The deuterosome-dependent pathway is also referred to as "de novo" because unlike the centriole-dependent pathway which requires pre-existing centrioles, in the de novo pathway multiple new centrioles are organized around non-microtubule structures called deuterosomes. In the last five years, some deuterosome-specific markers have been identified and concurrent advancements in the super-resolution techniques have significantly contributed to gaining insights about the major stages of centriole amplification during ciliogenesis. Altogether, a new picture is emerging which also challenges the previous notion that deuterosome pathway is de novo. This review is primarily focused on studies that have contributed towards the better understanding of deuterosome-dependent centriole amplification and presents a developing model about the major stages identified during this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umama Shahid
- Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, NH 65, Nagour Road, Karwar 342037, India.
| | - Priyanka Singh
- Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, NH 65, Nagour Road, Karwar 342037, India.
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Lobov AA, Maltseva AL, Starunov VV, Babkina IY, Ivanov VA, Mikhailova NA, Granovitch AI. LOSP: A putative marker of parasperm lineage in male reproductive system of the prosobranch mollusk Littorina obtusata. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2018; 330:193-201. [PMID: 29750393 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Reproductive isolation is the key attribute of biological species and establishment of the reproductive barriers is an essential event for speciation. Among the mechanisms of reproductive isolation, gamete incompatibility due to the variability of gamete interaction proteins may drive fast divergence even in sympatry. However, the number of available models to study this phenomenon is limited. In case of internally fertilized invertebrates, models to study gamete incompatibility and sperm competition mechanisms are restricted to a single taxon: insects. Here, we propose a group of closely related Littorina species as a new model for such studies. Particularly since periwinkles are already thoroughly studied in terms of morphology, physiology, ecology, phylogeny, and ecological speciation. Earlier, we have identified the first species-specific Littorina sperm protein (LOSP) with no known conservative domains or homologies. LOSP is relatively abundant component of sperm extracts and might be involved in gamete incompatibility. Here, we characterize its definitive localization and mRNA expression pattern in the male reproductive system by immunocytochemistry and RNA in situ hybridization. We demonstrate that LOSP distribution is limited to the parasperm cells. Losp gene expression occurs only at the early stages of parasperm development. The protein is stored within granules of mature parasperm and, most likely, is released after ejaculation inside female reproductive system. Thus, LOSP is the only described molluscan paraspermal protein to date, and there is a possibility for LOSP to be involved in gamete incompatibility since heterospermy is a common phenomenon among Littorina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arseniy A Lobov
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, St Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Arina L Maltseva
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, St Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Viktor V Starunov
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, St Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Zoological Institute of RAS, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina Y Babkina
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, St Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vadim A Ivanov
- Laboratory of Tumor growth cytology, Institute of Cytology RAS, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia A Mikhailova
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, St Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Centre of Cell Technologies, Institute of Cytology RAS, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrey I Granovitch
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, St Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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13
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Male reproductive traits of the marine snail Buccinanops deformis (King, 1832), (Gastropoda: Nassariidae): Size and age at maturity and sperm morphology. ZOOL ANZ 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Hayes KA, Burks RL, Castro-Vazquez A, Darby PC, Heras H, Martín PR, Qiu JW, Thiengo SC, Vega IA, Wada T, Yusa Y, Burela S, Cadierno MP, Cueto JA, Dellagnola FA, Dreon MS, Frassa MV, Giraud-Billoud M, Godoy MS, Ituarte S, Koch E, Matsukura K, Pasquevich MY, Rodriguez C, Saveanu L, Seuffert ME, Strong EE, Sun J, Tamburi NE, Tiecher MJ, Turner RL, Valentine-Darby PL, Cowie RH. Insights from an Integrated View of the Biology of Apple Snails (Caenogastropoda: Ampullariidae). MALACOLOGIA 2015. [DOI: 10.4002/040.058.0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Shiba K, Shibata D, Inaba K. Autonomous changes in the swimming direction of sperm in the gastropod Strombus luhuanus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 217:986-96. [PMID: 24311809 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.095398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The sperm of the gastropod Strombus luhuanus show dimorphism. The eusperm have a nucleus and fertilize the egg, whereas the other type of sperm, parasperm, are anucleate and are thought to assist fertilization. Here we report the autonomous changes in the swimming pattern of S. luhuanus eusperm. In artificial seawater, the eusperm collected from S. luhuanus sperm ducts formed sperm bundles and initially swam backward with asymmetric flagellar waveforms to detach from the bundles. One hour later, the sperm began to swim forward and in a circle. After an additional 1 h incubation, the sperm swam straight, with a change in the flagellar waveforms from asymmetric to symmetric. Spontaneous backward swimming with symmetric waveforms was also observed. The eusperm stored in the female seminal receptacle were motile and showed forward symmetric swimming with spontaneous backward swimming, which appeared necessary for detachment from the wall of receptacle. All of these motility changes were observed in the absence of parasperm, suggesting that these changes autonomously occur in eusperm. Our waveform analysis of these swimming patterns revealed that only the swimming with symmetric waveform showed reverse propagation of the flagellar waveforms. Both types of backward swimming were diminished in Ca(2+)-free seawater and in seawater containing Ni(2+), indicating the regulation of swimming direction by Ca(2+)-dependent signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kogiku Shiba
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 5-10-1 Shimoda, Shizuoka 415-0025, Japan
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16
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Giraud-Billoud M, Gamarra-Luques C, Castro-Vazquez A. Functional anatomy of male copulatory organs of Pomacea canaliculata (Caenogastropoda, Ampullariidae). ZOOMORPHOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00435-012-0183-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Shortlidge EE, Rosenstiel TN, Eppley SM. Tolerance to environmental desiccation in moss sperm. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2012; 194:741-750. [PMID: 22420692 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04106.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
• Sexual reproduction in mosses requires that sperm be released freely into the environment before finding and fertilizing a receptive female. After release from the male plant, moss sperm may experience a range of abiotic stresses; however, few data are available examining stress tolerance of moss sperm and whether there is genetic variation for stress tolerance in this important life stage. • Here, we investigated the effects of environmental desiccation and recovery on the sperm cells of three moss species (Bryum argenteum, Campylopus introflexus, and Ceratodon purpureus). • We found that a fraction of sperm cells were tolerant to environmental desiccation for extended periods (d) and that tolerance did not vary among species. We found that this tolerance occurs irrespective of ambient dehydration conditions, and that the addition of sucrose during dry-down improved cell recovery. Although we observed no interspecific variation, significant variation among individuals within species in sperm cell tolerance to environmental desiccation was observed, suggesting selection could potentially act on this basic reproductive trait. • The observation of desiccation-tolerant sperm in multiple moss species has important implications for understanding bryophyte reproduction, suggesting the presence of a significant, uncharacterized complexity in the ecology of moss mating systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Shortlidge
- Department of Biology and Center for Life in Extreme Environments, Portland State University, PO Box 751, Portland, OR 97207-0751, USA
| | - Todd N Rosenstiel
- Department of Biology and Center for Life in Extreme Environments, Portland State University, PO Box 751, Portland, OR 97207-0751, USA
| | - Sarah M Eppley
- Department of Biology and Center for Life in Extreme Environments, Portland State University, PO Box 751, Portland, OR 97207-0751, USA
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Allmon WD. Natural History of Turritelline Gastropods (Cerithiodea: Turritellidae): A Status Report. MALACOLOGIA 2011. [DOI: 10.4002/040.054.0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Nakauchi Y, Hayakawa Y, Fujinoki M, Yamamura O, Kobayashi M, Watanabe A. Characterization of an alternative chromatin remodeling to parasperm in a cottid fish, Hemilepidotus gilberti. Zoolog Sci 2011; 28:438-43. [PMID: 21627454 DOI: 10.2108/zsj.28.438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The dimorphic sperm of Hemilepidotus gilberti, i.e., haploid eusperm and diploid parasperm, have different morphologies corresponding to their own roles in fertilization. To estimate how these specific sperm morphologies were established, we focused on the nuclear morphologies and examined their changing processes in dimorphic spermiogenesis. Electron microscopic observation revealed that, in euspermatids, chromatin condensation first appeared as a mosaic pattern of moderate electrodense material in the peripheral region of the round nucleus. Those materials spread across the whole area to form a uniformly condensed nucleus. Chromatin condensation began similarly in paraspermatids to that in euspermatids. These became localized to one side of a nucleus and further condensed to form strong electrodense chromatin clusters, which are a specific feature of parasperm. From the remodeled nuclei of eusperm and parasperm, we found five and three kinds of sperm-specific basic proteins (SBPs), respectively, substituted to histones. The N-terminus amino acid sequences of the SBPs suggest that, in parasperm, one major SBP and two minor ones were distinct from each other. In eusperm nuclei, two kinds of specific SBPs were detected in addition to the homologs of parasperm SBPs. The specific SBPs had homologous amino acid sequences with huge arginine clusters, and one of them was most dominant among the five kinds of SBPs. The different combinations of SBPs in the eusperm and parasperm may cause a specific pattern of chromatin condensation in the dimorphic sperm nuclei of H. gilberti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuni Nakauchi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, 1-4-12 Kojirakawa, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan
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STRONG ELLENE, COLGAN DONALDJ, HEALY JOHNM, LYDEARD CHARLES, PONDER WINSTONF, GLAUBRECHT MATTHIAS. Phylogeny of the gastropod superfamily Cerithioidea using morphology and molecules. Zool J Linn Soc 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00670.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Giménez J. Euspermatozoa and paraspermatozoa in the volutid gastropod Odontocymbiola magellanica, Patagonia, Argentina, Southwestern Atlantic Ocean. ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6395.2010.00466.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Yue GH, Chang A. Molecular evidence for high frequency of multiple paternity in a freshwater shrimp species Caridina ensifera. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12721. [PMID: 20856862 PMCID: PMC2939052 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Accepted: 08/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular genetic analyses of parentage provide insights into mating systems. Although there are 22,000 members in Malacostraca, not much has been known about mating systems in Malacostraca. The freshwater shrimp Caridina ensifera blue, is a new species belonging to Malacostraca which was discovered recently in Sulawesi, Indonesia. Due to its small body size and low fecundity, this species is an ideal species to study the occurrence and frequency of multiple paternity and to understand of how the low fecundity species persist and evolve. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we developed four polymorphic microsatellites from C. ensifera and applied them to investigate the occurrence and frequency of multiple paternity in 20 C. ensifera broods caught from Lake Matano, Sulawesi. By genotyping the mother and all offspring from each brood we discovered multiple paternity in all 20 broods. In most of the 20 broods, fathers contributed skewed numbers of offspring and there was an apparent inverse correlation between reproductive success of sires and their relatedness to mothers. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our results in combination with recent reports on multiple paternity in crayfish, crab and lobster species suggests that multiple paternity is common in Malacostraca. Skewed contribution of fathers to the numbers of offspring and inverse correlation between reproductive success of sires and their relatedness to mothers suggest that sperm competition occurred and/or pre- and postcopulatory female choice happen, which may be important for avoiding the occurrence of inbreeding and optimize genetic variation in offspring and for persistence and evolution of low fecundity species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Hua Yue
- Molecular Population Genetics Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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Higginson DM, Pitnick S. Evolution of intra-ejaculate sperm interactions: do sperm cooperate? Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2010; 86:249-70. [PMID: 20608927 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-185x.2010.00147.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dawn M Higginson
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, New York 13244, USA.
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Pitnick S, Dobler R, Hosken DJ. Sperm length is not influenced by haploid gene expression in the flies Drosophila melanogaster and Scathophaga stercoraria. Proc Biol Sci 2009; 276:4029-34. [PMID: 19710066 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2009.1208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent theoretical models have postulated a role for haploid-diploid conflict and for kin selection favouring sperm cooperation and altruism in the diversification and specialization of sperm form. A critical assumption of these models-that haploid gene expression contributes to variation in sperm form-has never been demonstrated and remains contentious. By quantifying within-male variation in sperm length using crosses between males and females from populations that had been subjected to divergent experimental selection, we demonstrate that haploid gene expression does not contribute to variation in sperm length in both Drosophila melanogaster and Scathophaga stercoraria. This finding casts doubt on the importance of haploid-diploid conflict and kin selection as evolutionary influences of sperm phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Pitnick
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244-1270, USA.
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Marks JA, Biermann CH, Eanes WF, Kryvi H. Sperm polymorphism within the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis: divergence between Pacific and Atlantic oceans. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2008; 215:115-125. [PMID: 18840772 DOI: 10.2307/25470692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The rapid evolution of traits related to fertilization such as sperm morphology may be pivotal in the evolution of reproductive barriers and speciation. The sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis has a circumarctic distribution and shows substantial genetic subdivision between northeastern Atlantic populations and northwestern Atlantic and Pacific populations. Using transmission electron microscopy, we show here that sperm shape, size, and ultrastructure differ markedly among populations of S. droebachiensis from different oceans and reflect patterns of genetic divergence. Sperm nuclei from northwestern Atlantic and Pacific populations were longer and narrower than those from the northeastern Atlantic. We additionally demonstrate population-level differences in the amount and location of filamentous actin (F-actin) prior to the occurrence of the acrosome reaction. Sperm from Pacific and northwest Atlantic populations differed from that of all other echinoids examined in that intact sperm contains a partly preformed acrosomal process, a structure more closely resembling the acrosomal rod seen in some molluscs. Immunofluorescent studies using anti-bindin antibodies and the F-actin-specific stain phalloidin confirmed these findings. Divergence of reproductive traits such as sperm morphology may be related to divergence in gamete compatibility and genetic divergence, and could represent the first stages of speciation in free-spawning marine invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Marks
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, N-5007 Bergen, Norway.
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26
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Giménez J, Healy JM, Hermida GN, Nostro FL, Penchaszadeh PE. Ultrastructure and potential taxonomic importance of euspermatozoa and paraspermatozoa in the volutid gastropods Zidona dufresnei and Provocator mirabilis (Caenogastropoda, Mollusca). ZOOMORPHOLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00435-008-0060-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Holman L, Freckleton RP, Snook RR. What use is an infertile sperm? A comparative study of sperm-heteromorphic Drosophila. Evolution 2007; 62:374-85. [PMID: 18053077 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00280.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sperm size and number are important determinants of male reproductive success. The genus Drosophila exhibits a remarkable diversity of sperm production strategies, including the production of multiple sperm morphs by individual males, a phenomenon called sperm heteromorphism. Sperm-heteromorphic Drosophila species in the obscura group produce large numbers of infertile "parasperm" in addition to fertile eusperm. Parasperm have been hypothesized to perform a number of roles in place of fertilization, predominantly focused on their potential function in postcopulatory sexual selection. However, the evolutionary significance of parasperm remains unknown. Here we measured several male and female morphological, behavioral, and life-history traits in 13 obscura group species to test competing hypotheses of parasperm function using comparative methods. We found that parasperm size was unrelated to female reproductive tract morphology but was negatively related to our two indices of sperm competition, suggesting that postcopulatory sexual selection may indeed have shaped the evolution of parasperm. We also found abundant coevolution between male and female reproductive traits. Some of these relationships have been found in both sperm-monomorphic and sperm-heteromorphic taxa, but others are dissimilar. We discuss the significance of our results to the evolution of reproductive traits and the elusive function of Drosophila parasperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Holman
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Sperm competition and cryptic female choice profoundly affect sperm morphology, producing diversity within both species and individuals. One type of within-individual sperm variation is sperm heteromorphism, in which each male produces two or more distinct types of sperm simultaneously, only one of which is typically fertile (the "eusperm"). The adaptive significance of nonfertile "parasperm" types is poorly understood, although numerous sperm-heteromorphic species are known from many disparate taxa. This paper examines in detail two female-centred hypotheses for the evolution and maintenance of this unconventional sperm production strategy. First, we use game theoretical models to establish that parasperm may function to protect eusperm from female-generated spermicide, and to elucidate the predictions of this idea. Second, we expand on the relatively undeveloped idea that parasperm are used by females as a criterion for cryptic female choice, and discuss the predictions generated by this idea compared to other hypotheses proposed to explain sperm heteromorphism. We critically evaluate both hypotheses, suggest ways in which they could be tested, and propose taxa in which they could be important.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Holman
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.
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Buckland-Nicks J, Tompkins G. Paraspermatogenesis inCeratostoma foliatum (Neogastropoda): confirmation of programmed nuclear death. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 303:723-41. [PMID: 16106410 DOI: 10.1002/jez.a.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Sperm dimorphism, where ejaculates contain both fertile "eusperm" and sterile "parasperm", has been implicated in sperm competition in animals. Most parasperm lack an acrosome, eliminate the nucleus and develop a complex cytoplasm, swollen with secretory vesicles. This study of parasperm in the foliate whelk Ceratostoma foliatum, focuses on characterizing the process of nuclear breakdown and the nature of cytoplasmic secretions. Testis squash preparations were treated with a Promega apoptosis detection [terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling-TUNEL] assay (Cedar Lane) to detect nuclear apoptosis; acridine orange was used to localize lysosomes. Parasperm were isolated on Percoll gradients and their proteins characterized by running electrophoresis of lysed, purified fractions on polyacrylamide gels. Results show that the process of nuclear breakdown follows the hallmarks of apoptosis in ultrastructure, which is confirmed by the presence of 3'-OH overhangs of DNA fragments. This research implicates snail parasperm as models for elucidating the nuclear events of apoptosis.
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Till-Bottraud I, Joly D, Lachaise D, Snook RR. Pollen and sperm heteromorphism: convergence across kingdoms? J Evol Biol 2005; 18:1-18. [PMID: 15669956 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2004.00789.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sperm competition theory predicts that males should produce many, similar sperm. However, in some species of animals and plants, males exhibit a heteromorphism that results in the production of at least two different types of sperm or pollen grains. In animals, sperm heteromorphism typically corresponds to the production of one fertile morph and one (or more) sterile morph(s), whereas in plants two or more pollen morphs (one of which can be either sterile or fertile) are produced in all flowers but sometimes in different anthers. Heteromorphism has arisen independently several times across phyla and at different phylogenetic levels. Here, we compare and contrast sperm and pollen heteromorphism and discuss the evolutionary hypotheses suggested to explain heteromorphism in these taxa. These hypotheses include facilitation, nutritive contribution, blocking, cheap filler, sperm flushing or killing for animals; outcrossing and precise cross-pollen transfer or bet-hedging strategy for plants; cryptic female choice for both. We conclude that heteromorphism in the two phyla is most likely linked to a general evolutionary response to sexual selection, either to increase one male's sperm or pollen success in competition with other males, or mediate male/female interactions. Therefore, although sperm and pollen are not homologous, we suggest that heteromorphism represents an example of convergence across kingdoms.
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Buckland-Nicks J, Hodgson AN. Paraspermatogenesis of Cerithioidean snails: Retention of an acrosome and nuclear remnant. J Morphol 2005; 264:314-26. [PMID: 15838842 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Paraspermatozoa of Cerithioidea are oligopyrenic with a central nuclear remnant surrounded by glycoprotein bodies and an anterior acrosome complex. Posteriorly, the parasperm have one long and several small flagella. Biosynthesis of proteins begins in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), early in paraspermatogenesis, prior to the degradation of the nucleus. The breakdown of the nucleus has features characteristic of apoptosis but a nuclear remnant remains that is composed of intact DNA. The acrosome complex of parasperm is Golgi-derived, forming posteriorly and migrating anteriorly along the plasma membrane to the apex of the nuclear remnant as the paraspermatid matures. This mechanism of acrosome formation is similar to that in euspermiogenesis in neomenioid aplacophorans and neritid snails and is plesiomorphic to mollusks. However, eusperm acrosomes of Cerithioidea form differently. In the paraspermatid, small, dense granules secreted by the Golgi body fuse to form larger granular vesicles, many of which are released by exocytosis into the seminal fluid. These granular vesicles stain red with acridine orange at pH 7 under 489-nm light, indicating that they are lysosomes. The retention of a nuclear remnant and development of an acrosome complex in the parasperm of cerithioideans, as well as the secretion of lysosomes into the seminal fluid, suggests novel functions for these unusual germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Buckland-Nicks
- Biology Department, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, N.S. B2G 2W5, Canada.
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KOENE JORISM. Allohormones and sensory traps: a fundamental difference between hermaphrodites and gonochorists? INVERTEBR REPROD DEV 2005. [DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2005.9652176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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BUCKLAND-NICKS JOHN, HADFIELD MICHAELG. Spermatogenesis inSerpulorbis(Mollusca: Vermetoidea) and its implications for phylogeny of gastropods. INVERTEBR REPROD DEV 2005. [DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2005.9652183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Neiman M. Physiological dependence on copulation in parthenogenetic females can reduce the cost of sex. Anim Behav 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2003.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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36
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Marotta R, Ferraguti M, Erseus C. A phylogenetic analysis of Tubificinae and Limnodriloidinae (Annelida, Clitellata, Tubificidae) using sperm and somatic characters. ZOOL SCR 2003. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1463-6409.2002.00117.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Oppliger A, Naciri-Graven Y, Ribi G, Hosken DJ. Sperm length influences fertilization success during sperm competition in the snail Viviparus ater. Mol Ecol 2003; 12:485-92. [PMID: 12535098 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.2003.01748.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Sperm form and size is tremendously variable within and across species. However, a general explanation for this variation is lacking. It has been suggested that sperm size may influence sperm competition, and there is evidence for this in some taxa but not others. In addition to normal fertilizing sperm, a number of molluscs and insects produce nonfertile sperm that are also extremely morphologically variable, and distinct from fertilizing forms. There is evidence that nonfertile sperm play an indirect role in sperm competition by decreasing female remating propensity in Lepidopterans, but in most taxa the function of parasperm is unknown. We investigated the role of nonfertile (oligopyrene) sperm during sperm competition in the fresh water snail Viviparus ater. Previous studies found that the proportion of oligopyrene sperm increased with the risk of sperm competition, and hence it seems likely that these sperm influence fertilization success during competitive matings. In mating experiments in which females were sequentially housed with males, we examined a range of male characteristics which potentially influence fertilization success. We found that the size of oligopyrene sperm was the best predictor of fertilization success, with males having the longer sperm siring the highest proportion of offspring. Furthermore, we found a positive shell size and sperm concentration effect on paternity, and females with multiply sired families produced more offspring than females mating with only one male. This result suggests polyandry is beneficial for female snails.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Oppliger
- Zoology Museum, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland, Institute of Ecology, Department of Zoology, Lausanne, Switzerland
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38
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Boi S, Fascio U, Ferraguti M. Nuclear fragmentation characterises paraspermiogenesis in Tubifex tubifex (Annelida, Oligochaeta). Mol Reprod Dev 2001; 59:442-50. [PMID: 11468781 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.1051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
It is known that tubificine oligochaetes produce two types of spermatozoa: eusperm, fertilizing sperm with regular haploid DNA content; and parasperm, with a much lower DNA content, protecting and carrying the eusperm. Whereas mature spermatozoa and spermatids of the two lines are easily recognized by their morphology and DNA content, little is known about the first steps of differentiation of the two lines. This subject is addressed here in two ways: we have measured DNA content by a new method based on confocal laser microscopy and found that the total DNA content of parasperm cysts is extremely variable and equal or lower than total DNA content of eusperm cysts. Then we focused on the spermatocytes, and we found that the cells which will form paraspermatids undergo a peculiar kind of nuclear fragmentation which differ greatly from a regular cell division. During fragmentation DNA is distributed unevenly among the spermatids and this gives rise to a great and variable number of parasperm with variable DNA content. Immunocytochemical assays revealed that a proper meiotic spindle is never formed during fragmentation and that actin may play an important role in the chromatin division. Electron micrographs showed that the centrioles undergo a phenomenon of mass reproduction similar to that found in ciliated epithelia which supplies each of the numerous paraspermatids of its basal body. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 59: 442-450, 2001.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Boi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Milano, v. Celoria 26-20133-Milan, Italy
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HODGSON ALANN, HELLER JOSEPH. Spermatozoon structure and spermiogenesis in four species ofMelanopsis(Gastropoda, Prosobranchia, Cerithioidea) from Israel. INVERTEBR REPROD DEV 2000. [DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2000.9652419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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BUCKLAND-NICKS JOHN, BRYSON IAN, HART LESLIE, PARTRIDGE VANESSA. Sex and a snail's sperm: on the transport, storage and fate of dimorphic sperm in Littorinidae. INVERTEBR REPROD DEV 1999. [DOI: 10.1080/07924259.1999.9652691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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41
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Oppliger A, Hosken DJ, Ribi G. Snail sperm production characteristics vary with sperm competition risk. Proc Biol Sci 1998. [DOI: 10.1098/rspb.1998.0468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. Oppliger
- Zoological Museum of the University of Zü rich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zü rich, Switzerland
| | - D. J. Hosken
- Zoological Museum of the University of Zü rich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zü rich, Switzerland
| | - G. Ribi
- Zoological Museum of the University of Zü rich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zü rich, Switzerland
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