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Mishra S, Mishra B, Selvam TP, Deshpande S, Pathan MS, Kumar R. Monte Carlo Study on Dose Distributions Around 192Ir, 169Yb, and 125I Brachytherapy Sources Using EGSnrc-based egs_brachy User-code. J Med Phys 2022; 47:270-278. [PMID: 36684701 PMCID: PMC9847004 DOI: 10.4103/jmp.jmp_16_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction As per the recommendations of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine Task Group 43, Monte Carlo (MC) investigators should reproduce previously published dose distributions whenever new features of the code are explored. The purpose of the present study is to benchmark the TG-43 dosimetric parameters calculated using the new MC user-code egs_brachy of EGSnrc code system for three different radionuclides 192Ir, 169Yb, and 125I which represent high-, intermediate-, and low-energy sources, respectively. Materials and Methods Brachytherapy sources investigated in this study are high-dose rate (HDR) 192Ir VariSource (Model VS2000), 169Yb HDR (Model 4140), and 125I -low-dose-rate (LDR) (Model OcuProsta). The TG-43 dosimetric parameters such as air-kerma strength, S k, dose rate constant, Λ, radial dose function, g(r) and anisotropy function, F(r,θ) and two-dimensional (2D) absorbed dose rate data (along-away table) are calculated in a cylindrical water phantom of mass density 0.998 g/cm3 using the MC code egs_brachy. Dimensions of phantom considered for 192Ir VS2000 and 169Yb sources are 80 cm diameter ×80 cm height, whereas for 125I OcuProsta source, 30 cm diameter ×30 cm height cylindrical water phantom is considered for MC calculations. Results The dosimetric parameters calculated using egs_brachy are compared against the values published in the literature. The calculated values of dose rate constants from this study agree with the published values within statistical uncertainties for all investigated sources. Good agreement is found between the egs_brachy calculated radial dose functions, g(r), anisotropy functions, and 2D dose rate data with the published values (within 2%) for the same phantom dimensions. For 192Ir VS2000 source, difference of about 28% is observed in g(r) value at 18 cm from the source which is due to differences in the phantom dimensions. Conclusion The study validates TG-43 dose parameters calculated using egs_brachy for 192Ir, 169Yb, and 125I brachytherapy sources with the values published in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhalaxmi Mishra
- Division of Radiological Physics and Advisory, Health Safety and Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bibekananda Mishra
- Division of Radiological Safety, Atomic Energy Regulatory Board, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - T. Palani Selvam
- Division of Radiological Physics and Advisory, Health Safety and Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sudesh Deshpande
- Department of Radiation Oncology, P. D. Hinduja National Hospital and MRC, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Munir Shabbir Pathan
- Division of Radiological Physics and Advisory, Health Safety and Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Division of Radiological Physics and Advisory, Health Safety and Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Nano-titania: a novel purification and concentration adsorbent for 125I production for medical uses. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-017-5439-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Cardoso RM, de Souza CD, Rostelato MECM, Araki K. Highly efficient method for production of radioactive silver seed cores for brachytherapy. Appl Radiat Isot 2016; 120:76-81. [PMID: 27918920 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2016.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A simple and highly efficient (shorter reaction time and almost no rework) method for production of iodine based radioactive silver seed cores for brachytherapy is described. The method allows almost quantitative deposition of iodine-131 on dozens of silver substrates at once, with even distribution of activity per core and insignificant amounts of liquid and solid radioactive wastes, allowing the fabrication of cheaper radioactive iodine seeds for brachytherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Mansini Cardoso
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, Butanta, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Carla Daruich de Souza
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, Avenida Lineu Prestes 2242, Butanta, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | | | - Koiti Araki
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, Butanta, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil.
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Preparation and deployment of indigenous 125I-seeds for the treatment of prostate cancer: Dawn of prostate brachytherapy in India. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3521-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Lee JH, Park UJ, Son KJ, Choi KH, Yu KH. Mass Production of Source Core for Iodine-125 Seed. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2014. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2014.35.7.2172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Khetan V, Gopal L, Shanmugam MP, Gupta A, Sharma T, Bhende P, Muthukumar S, Subramaniam R, Kuppuswamy T, Saxena SK, Dash A. Brachytherapy of intra ocular tumors using 'BARC I-125 Ocu-Prosta seeds': an Indian experience. Indian J Ophthalmol 2014; 62:158-62. [PMID: 24618486 PMCID: PMC4005230 DOI: 10.4103/0301-4738.128618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To report our experience of brachytherapy using ‘BARC I-125 Ocu-Prosta seeds’ for the management of intraocular tumors with regard to tumor control, globe preservation visual outcome, and patient survival at Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India between September 2003 and May 2011. Materials and Methods: We reviewed records of 35 eyes of 35 patients who underwent ophthalmic brachytherapy between September 2003 and May 2011. Twenty-one cases had choroidal melanoma, nine had childhood retinoblastoma, two had adult-onset retinoblastoma, and there were one case each of vasoproliferative tumor, retinal angioma, and ciliary body melanoma. Brachytherapy was administered using a 15- or 20-mm gold plaque with or without a notch. Brachytherapy was the primary treatment modality in all tumors other than retinoblastoma, wherein brachytherapy was done post chemoreduction for residual tumor. Results: For choroidal melanomas, the mean radiation dose was 68.69 ± 15.07 (range, 47.72-94.2) Gy. The eye salvage rate was 13/20 (65%) and tumor control rate was 16/20 (80%) at an average follow-up of 24.43 ± 24.75 (range, 1.5-87.98) months. For retinoblastoma, the mean dose was 45.85 ± 3.90 (range, 39.51-50.92) Gy. The eye salvage rate and tumor control rate was 5/6 (83.3%) at an average follow-up of 38.36 ± 31.33 (range, 4.14-97.78) months. All eyes with retinoblastoma needed additional focal therapy for tumor control and eye salvage. Conclusion: The results of this retrospective study confirms that the use of ‘BARC I-125 Ocu-Prosta seeds’ in episcleral plaques to treat intraocular tumors offers a viable option for the management of intraocular cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Khetan
- Department of Ocular Oncology and Vitreoretinal Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India,
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Lee JH, Choi KH, Yu KH. Surface treatments of silver rods with enhanced iodide adsorption for I-125 brachytherapy seeds. Appl Radiat Isot 2014; 85:96-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2013.11.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Saxena SK, Chakravarty R, Kumar Y, Ram R, Dash A. Column Chromatography Using Nano-Sorbent: A Viable Approach Towards Post-Processing Concentration of125I for Medical Applications. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2013.765472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Shah PK, Selvaraj U, Narendran V, Guhan P, Saxena SK, Dash A. Indigenous (125)I brachytherapy source for the management of intraocular melanomas in India. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2013; 28:21-8. [PMID: 23301846 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2011.1123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Episcleral plaque brachytherapy using (125)I seed is a viable option for the management of intraocular cancer with minimal invasiveness and surgical complications. This article describes the fabrication of (125)I seeds and initial experience on their use for the management of intraocular choroidal melanomas. The process of (125)I seed fabrication includes immobilization of (125)I into palladium-coated silver wires, its encapsulation in titanium capsules using Nd: YAG laser and quality control to assure safety. Plaque preparation consists of the assignment of seeds to slots on the plaque to achieve a desired dose rate distribution. The clinical study reported here includes the retrospective review of 9 eyes of 9 patients who underwent ophthalmic brachytherapy between May 2008 and June 2011. The average apical diameter before brachytherapy was 7.6 mm and the average largest basal diameter was 12.1 mm, which reduced to 3.3 and 7.2 mm, respectively, after the procedure at an average follow-up of 24 months. Patients in our studies experienced good local tumor control. The results of this study represent a significant step forward in the management of intraocular tumors in India.
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Saxena SK, Kumar M, Kumar Y, Udhayakumar J, Pandey U, Dash A. Preparation of 57Co point sources for the performance evaluation of nuclear imaging instruments. Appl Radiat Isot 2013; 79:12-7. [PMID: 23722070 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2013.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the utility of electrodeposition method to prepare (57)Co point sources. A description of the electrolytic cell, the process of (57)Co electrodeposition, encapsulation and quality control of the sealed (57)Co sources is presented. Sources containing ~3.7-4.81 MBq (0.10-0.13 mCi) of (57)Co were prepared, encapsulated in miniature titanium capsules and subjected to quality control tests to ensure compliance with regulatory requirements. The encapsulated (57)Co sources prepared by the reported procedure were found to be effective in routine performance evaluation of nuclear medicine instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar Saxena
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai-400 085, Maharashtra, India
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El-Amir MA, El-Said H, Ramadan HE. Potential use of an irradiated natural tin target for preparation of a mixed sealed source based on 12-tungstocerate gel matrix for radiometric calibration purposes. RADIOCHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1066362213020148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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A novel and facile approach for the preparation of 133Ba source core, encapsulation and quality evaluation. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2013. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.2013.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This paper describes a facile and effective method to prepare 133Ba source exploiting the intrinsic properties of the anodized titanium to electro-deposit 133Ba from an aqueous solution. The process consists of anodization of Ti rod [4.8 mm (∅) × 10 mm (l)] to create a reactive surface to permit cathodic electrodeposition of 133Ba from an aqueous solution. The factors that influence the electrodeposition of 133Ba onto the anodized titanium substrate were identified and a careful control has been exercised to ensure optimum deposition of 133Ba activity onto the substrate. The morphology of the electrodeposited samples were examined by SEM and EDS analyses. Sources containing ∼ 3.7–11.1 MBq (0.1–0.3 mCi) 133Ba were prepared, encapsulated successfully in titanium capsules and subjected to quality control tests to ensure compliance with mandatory regulatory safety requirements.
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Shady SA. Preparation of low-activity 60Co sealed source based on zirconyl molybdopyrophosphate inorganic ion exchanger for radiometric calibration purposes. RADIOCHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s106636221205013x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Qian Q, Shao S, Yan F, Ling C, Yan F, Cao H, Guo CY, Yuan G. Supported Ag nanoparticles as trace iodide adsorbent from acetic acid. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024412070229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kumar M, Shukla R, Gandhi SS, Udhayakumar J, Tyagi A, Dash A. Selective Area Chemical-Deposition Process: An Innovative and Facile Route to Prepare 147Pm Sources for Dust Monitors. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ie3009692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Radiopharmaceuticals
Division, ‡Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Trombay, Mumbai-400 085, India
| | - Rakesh Shukla
- Radiopharmaceuticals
Division, ‡Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Trombay, Mumbai-400 085, India
| | - Shyamala S. Gandhi
- Radiopharmaceuticals
Division, ‡Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Trombay, Mumbai-400 085, India
| | - J. Udhayakumar
- Radiopharmaceuticals
Division, ‡Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Trombay, Mumbai-400 085, India
| | - A.K. Tyagi
- Radiopharmaceuticals
Division, ‡Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Trombay, Mumbai-400 085, India
| | - Ashutosh Dash
- Radiopharmaceuticals
Division, ‡Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Trombay, Mumbai-400 085, India
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El-Said H, El-Amir MA, Abdel-Aziz HM, Siyam T. The use of poly(acrylamide-acrylic acid)-montmorillonite composite for preparing low-activity 60Co, 65Zn, 134,137Cs mixed sealed source for radiometric calibration purposes. RADIOCHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1066362212030095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Udhayakumar J, Kumar M, Gandhi SS, Tomar B, Venkatesh M, Dash A. Preparation of spherical 57Co source for the calibration of intra-operative gamma probe. Appl Radiat Isot 2012; 70:167-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2011.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Revised: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Saxena SK, Kumar Y, Pillai KT, Dash A. Development of a 125I source for its application in bone densitometry. Appl Radiat Isot 2011; 70:470-7. [PMID: 22104498 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2011.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Revised: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes a method for the preparation of (125)I sources for their use in bone densitometer. The process consists of preparation of silver pellets of size ∼2.5 mm (ϕ) × 0.6 mm (l) by 'Cold die compaction technique', palladium coating of the silver pellets, adsorption of (125)I on the palladium coated silver pellets and encapsulation source matrix in a titanium capsule [ 3 mm (ϕ) × 10 mm(l)] using Nd:YAG laser. The texture and morphology of the source matrix were examined by SEM and EDS analyses. Encapsulated sources containing (125)I activity up to ∼1.85 GBq (50 mCi) were prepared. Quality control tests that were necessary before application were performed and gave satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar Saxena
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
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Studies on the adsorption of 125I on bromide coated silver rods for the preparation of 125I-seeds for brachytherapy applications. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-011-1152-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Analysis of the necessary radioprotection procedures in manufacture of iodine-125 sources used in brachytherapy: A preliminary study. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2010.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kumar M, Udhayakumar J, Nuwad J, Shukla R, Pillai CGS, Dash A, Venkatesh M. Development of a (147)Pm source for beta-backscatter thickness gauge applications. Appl Radiat Isot 2010; 69:580-7. [PMID: 21167724 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2010.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Revised: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 11/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes a method for the preparation of (147)Pm sources, utilized in the determination of graphite coating thickness on the inner surface of the zircaloy cladding tube of nuclear fuels. (147)Pm was adsorbed on a limited surface area [1.5mm (ϕ)×2mm (l)] of a cylindrical aluminum rod [1.5mm (ϕ)×10mm (l)]. In brief, the selected tip area [1.5mm (ϕ)×2mm (l)] was anodized at a current density of 15mA/cm(2) at 15°C in 3M·H(2)SO(4) for 2h followed by immersion of this area in 10μL of (147)Pm solution containing 37MBq (1mCi) of activity at pH 6.0 for 24h. The radioactive area was subsequently covered with a thin layer of Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) to prevent leaching of (147)Pm from the source. The quantity of incorporated (147)Pm activity was assayed in a calibrated ion chamber. Quality control tests were carried out to ensure nonleachability, uniform distribution of activity and stability of the sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Radiological Laboratory, Trombay, Mumbai, India
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Huang FY, Huang LK, Lin WY, Luo TY, Tsai CS, Hsieh BT. Development of a thermosensitive hydrogel system for local delivery of 188Re colloid drugs. Appl Radiat Isot 2009; 67:1405-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2009.02.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Saxena SK, Sharma S, Dash A, Venkatesh M. Development of a new design 125I-brachytherapy seed for its application in the treatment of eye and prostate cancer. Appl Radiat Isot 2009; 67:1421-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2009.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Preparation of 65Zn and 134Cs sealed sources based on commercial organic and synthesized inorganic sorbents for calibration purposes of γ-detectors. Appl Radiat Isot 2009; 67:984-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2008.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2008] [Revised: 12/15/2008] [Accepted: 12/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Saxena SK, Sharma SD, Kumar Y, Muthe KP, Dash A, Venkatesh M. Development of a spherical (125)i-brachytherapy seed for its application in the treatment of eye and prostate cancer. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2008; 23:807-18. [PMID: 19111051 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2008.0511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Palladium-coated silver beads of 0.5 mm (phi) were used to adsorb (125)I, encapsulated inside a titanium capsule by an Nd:YAG laser, for use as a brachytherapy source. Experimental conditions, such as feed activity, carrier concentration, and reaction time, were optimized for the maximum adsorption of (125)I. Uniform distribution of radioactivity on the source core was ascertained by the autoradiography technique. Leachability of (125)I was found to be <0.01%. The dose-rate constant of the new source was estimated to be 1.045 cGyh(-1)U(-1). This newly developed source could be an alternative to other (125)I sources.
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Mostafa M, El-Amir M. Preparation of 137Cs and 60Co sealed sources based on inorganic sorbents for radiometric calibration purposes. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2007.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Saxena SK, Shanta A, Rajurkar NS, Majali MA. Studies on the production and quality assurance of miniature 125I radioactive sources suitable for treatment of ocular and prostate cancers. Appl Radiat Isot 2006; 64:441-7. [PMID: 16290948 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2005.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2004] [Revised: 05/12/2005] [Accepted: 08/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
(125)I sources were prepared by adsorption of (125)I on palladium-coated silver wires. The effect of reducing agent on percentage adsorption of (125)I was studied and the amount of adsorbed activity on source core was studied by repeated adsorption cycles. The activity per source in the sources produced from the same batch varied with coefficient of variation (i.e. the ratio of standard deviation to mean multiplied by 100) less than 10%. The unencapsulated source exhibited low leachability (< 0.01%). The laser parameters were optimized to obtain quality welds with negligible leak rate. The sources were laser-encapsulated in titanium capsules of 0.8 mm (OD) x 4.5mm (l). The release of radioactivity from encapsulated sources in an immersion test at 50 degrees C for 5 h was <5 nCi (185 Bq). The surface contamination on the sealed capsules was found to be<0.05 nCi or 1.85 Bq per source. The sources were used in the treatment of a child having retinoblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Saxena
- Therapeutic and Reference Sources Section, Radiopharmaceuticals Division, RLG, BARC, Mumbai-400 085, India.
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Azhdarinia A, Yang DJ, Yu DF, Mendez R, Oh C, Kohanim S, Bryant J, Kim EE. Regional Radiochemotherapy Using In Situ Hydrogel. Pharm Res 2005; 22:776-83. [PMID: 15906173 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-005-2594-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2004] [Accepted: 01/26/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the feasibility of regional radiochemotherapy of mammary tumors using in situ hydrogel loaded with cisplatin (CDDP) and rhenium-188 ((188)Re). METHODS Sodium alginate (SA) and calcium chloride were used to create a hydrogel for delivery of CDDP and (188)Re. In vitro studies were performed to evaluate cytotoxic effects of (188)Re-hydrogel and sustained-release ability of the CDDP-hydrogel. Tumor-bearing rats were injected with (188)Re-hydrogel (0.5-1 mCi/rat), (188)Re-perrhenate (0.5-1 mCi/rat, intratumoral, I.T.), CDDP-hydrogel (3 mg/kg), and (188)Re-hydrogel loaded with CDDP (3 mg/kg body weight, 0.5-1 mCi/rat), respectively, and groups receiving (188)Re were imaged at 24 and 48 h postinjection. Tumor volume, body weight, imaging, and kidney function were assessed as required for each group. RESULTS Successful formation of the hydrogel was demonstrated by cytotoxic effects of (188)Re-hydrogel and slow release of CDDP-hydrogel in vitro. Tumor volume measurements showed significant delay in tumor growth in treated vs. control groups with minimal variation in normal kidney function for the CDDP-hydrogel group. Scintigraphic images indicated localization of (188)Re-hydrogel in the tumor site up to 48 h postinjection. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate the feasibility of using hydrogel for delivery of chemotherapeutics and radiation locally. This technique may have applications involving other contrast modalities as well as treatment in cases where tumors are inoperable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Azhdarinia
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
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Han HS, Park UJ, Dash A. The absorption of iodine-131 on a ceramic matrix. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-005-0496-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Manolkar RB, Sane SU, Pillai KT, Majali MA. Comparison of methods for preparation of 125I brachytherapy source cores for the treatment of eye cancer. Appl Radiat Isot 2003; 59:145-50. [PMID: 12941504 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8043(03)00152-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two procedures for fixing the 125I activity on different matrices were explored. In the first method, anodic deposition of 125I on silver wire was used. In the second, 125I was adsorbed as iodate (IO3-) on alumina microspheres by using a solid-solution interface technique. While the 125I uptake was approximately 84% on the silver wires by electrodeposition method, the microspheres showed approximately 97% by the solid-solution interface technique. The low leachable (0.05%) wires, and comparatively high leachable (approximately 4%) spheres were trial encapsulated and laser welded. The encapsulated sources were measured for source strength and were found to be suitable for the treatment of eye cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Manolkar
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
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