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Ermert J, Benešová M, Hugenberg V, Gupta V, Spahn I, Pietzsch HJ, Liolios C, Kopka K. Radiopharmaceutical Sciences. Clin Nucl Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-39457-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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An electrochemical approach for removal of radionuclidic contaminants of Eu from 153 Sm for effective use in metastatic bone pain palliation. Nucl Med Biol 2018; 58:8-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Feasibility study for production and quality control of Yb-175 as a byproduct of no carrier added Lu-177 preparation for radiolabeling of DOTMP. AUSTRALASIAN PHYSICAL & ENGINEERING SCIENCES IN MEDICINE 2017; 41:69-79. [PMID: 29260406 DOI: 10.1007/s13246-017-0611-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal uptake of β- emitters of DOTMP complexes is used for the bone pain palliation. In this study, two moderate energy β- emitters, 177Lu (T1/2 = 6.7 days, Eβmax = 497 keV) and 175Yb (T1/2 = 4.2 days, Eβmax = 480 keV), are considered as potential agents for the development of the bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals. Since the specific activity of the radiolabelled carrier molecules should be high, the non-carrier-added (NCA) radionuclides have an effective role in nuclear medicine. Many researchers have presented the synthesis of NCA 177Lu. Among these separation techniques, extraction chromatography has been considered more capable than other methods. In this study, a new approach, in addition to production of NCA 177Lu by EXC procedure is using pure 175Yb that was usually considered as a waste material in this method but because of high radionuclidic purity of 175Yb produced by this method we used it for radiolabeling as well as NCA 177Lu. To obtain optimum conditions, some effective factors on separation of Lu/Yb by EXC were investigated. The NCA 177Lu and pure 175Yb were produced with radionuclidic purity of 99.99 and 99.97% respectively by irradiation of enriched 176Yb target in thermal neutron flux of 5 × 1013 n/cm2 s for 14 days. 177Lu-DOTMP and 175Yb-DOTMP were obtained with high radiochemical purities (> 95%) under optimized reaction conditions. Two radiolabeled complexes exhibited excellent stability at room temperature. Biodistribution studies in rats showed favorable selective skeletal uptake with rapid clearance from blood along with insignificant accumulation of activity in other non-target organs for two radiolabelled complexes.
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Salek N, Shamsaei M, Ghannadi Maragheh M, Shirvani Arani S, Bahrami Samani A. Production and quality control 177Lu (NCA)-DOTMP as a potential agent for bone pain palliation. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2016; 17:128-139. [PMID: 27929488 PMCID: PMC5690526 DOI: 10.1120/jacmp.v17i6.6375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal uptake of radiolabeled-1, 4, 7, 10-tetraazacyclododecane-1, 4, 7, 10-tetramethylene phosphoric acid (e.g., 177Lu-DOTMP) complex, is used for bone pain palliation. The moderate energy of β-emitting 177Lu (T½ = 6.7 d, Eβmax = 497keV) has been considered as a potential radionuclide for development of the bone-seeking radiopharmaceutical. Since the specific activity of the radiolabeled carrier molecules should be high, the "no-carrier-added radionuclides" have sig-nificant roles in nuclear medicine. Many researchers illustrated no-carrier-added 177Lu production; among these separation techniques such as ion exchange chromatography, reversed phase ion-pair, and electrochemical method, extraction chromatography has been considered more capable than other methods. In order to optimize the conditions, some effective factors on separation of Lu/Yb were investigated by EXC. The NCA 177Lu, produced by this method, was mixed with 300 μl of DOTMP solution (20 mg in 1 mL of 0.5 M NaHCO3, pH = 8) and incu-bated under stirring at room temperature for 45 min. Radiochemical purity of the 177Lu-DOTMP complex was determined using radio-thin-layer chromatography (RTLC) method. The complex was injected to wild-type rats and biodistribution was then studied for seven days. The NCA 177Lu was produced with specific activ-ity of 48 Ci/mg and with a radinuclidic purity of 99.99% through irradiation of enriched 176Yb target (1 mg) in a thermal neutron flux of 4 × 1013 n.cm-2.s-1 for 14 days. 177Lu-DOTMP was obtained with high radiochemical purities (> 98%) under optimized reaction conditions. The radiolabeled complex exhibited excellent stability at room temperature. Biodistribution of the radiolabeled complex studies in rats showed favorable selective skeletal uptake with rapid clearance from blood along with insignificant accumulation within the other nontargeted organs.
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Qaim SM. Nuclear data for production and medical application of radionuclides: Present status and future needs. Nucl Med Biol 2016; 44:31-49. [PMID: 27821344 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The significance of nuclear data in the choice and medical application of a radionuclide is considered: the decay data determine its suitability for organ imaging or internal therapy and the reaction cross section data allow optimisation of its production route. A brief discussion of reaction cross sections and yields is given. STANDARD RADIONUCLIDES The standard SPECT, PET and therapeutic radionuclides are enumerated and their decay and production data are considered. The status of nuclear data is generally good. Some existing discrepancies are outlined. A few promising alternative production routes of 99mTc and 68Ga are discussed. RESEARCH-ORIENTED RADIONUCLIDES The increasing significance of non-standard positron emitters in organ imaging and of low-energy highly-ionizing radiation emitters in internal therapy is discussed, their nuclear data are considered and a brief review of their status is presented. Some other related nuclear data issues are also mentioned. PRODUCTION OF RADIONUCLIDES USING NEWER TECHNOLOGIES The data needs arising from new directions in radionuclide applications (multimode imaging, theranostic approach, radionanoparticles, etc.) are considered. The future needs of data associated with possible utilization of newer irradiation technologies (intermediate energy cyclotron, high-intensity photon accelerator, spallation neutron source, etc.) are outlined. CONCLUSION Except for a few small discrepancies, the available nuclear data are sufficient for routine production and application of radionuclides. Considerable data needs exist for developing novel radionuclides for applications. The developing future technologies for radionuclide production will demand further data-related activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed M Qaim
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5 (Nuklearchemie), Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany.
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Qaim SM, Spahn I, Scholten B, Neumaier B. Uses of alpha particles, especially in nuclear reaction studies and medical radionuclide production. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2015-2566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Alpha particles exhibit three important characteristics: scattering, ionisation and activation. This article briefly discusses those properties and outlines their major applications. Among others, α-particles are used in elemental analysis, investigation and improvement of materials properties, nuclear reaction studies and medical radionuclide production. The latter two topics, dealing with activation of target materials, are treated in some detail in this paper. Measurements of excitation functions of α-particle induced reactions shed some light on their reaction mechanisms, and studies of isomeric cross sections reveal the probability of population of high-spin nuclear levels. Regarding medical radionuclides, an overview is presented of the isotopes commonly produced using α-particle beams. Consideration is also given to some routes which could be potentially useful for production of a few other radionuclides. The significance of α-particle induced reactions to produce a few high-spin isomeric states, decaying by emission of low-energy conversion or Auger electrons, which are of interest in localized internal radiotherapy, is outlined. The α-particle beam, thus broadens the scope of nuclear chemistry research related to development of non-standard positron emitters and therapeutic radionuclides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed M. Qaim
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5: Nuklearchemie, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Ingo Spahn
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5: Nuklearchemie, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Scholten
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5: Nuklearchemie, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Bernd Neumaier
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5: Nuklearchemie, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
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Coenen HH, Buchholz M, Spahn I, Vanasschen C, Ermert J, Neumaier B. Towards authentically labelled bi-modal PET (SPECT)/MR-probes. EJNMMI Phys 2015; 1:A79. [PMID: 26501670 PMCID: PMC4546016 DOI: 10.1186/2197-7364-1-s1-a79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Heinrich H Coenen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Research Centre, Jülich, Germany
| | - Martin Buchholz
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Research Centre, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ingo Spahn
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Research Centre, Jülich, Germany
| | - Christian Vanasschen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Research Centre, Jülich, Germany
| | - Johannes Ermert
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Research Centre, Jülich, Germany
| | - Bernd Neumaier
- Institute for Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, Medical Clinics, University of Cologne, Kragujevac, Germany
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Dash A, Pillai MRA, Knapp FF. Production of (177)Lu for Targeted Radionuclide Therapy: Available Options. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2015; 49:85-107. [PMID: 26085854 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-014-0315-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This review provides a comprehensive summary of the production of (177)Lu to meet expected future research and clinical demands. Availability of options represents the cornerstone for sustainable growth for the routine production of adequate activity levels of (177)Lu having the required quality for preparation of a variety of (177)Lu-labeled radiopharmaceuticals. The tremendous prospects associated with production of (177)Lu for use in targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) dictate that a holistic consideration should evaluate all governing factors that determine its success. METHODS While both "direct" and "indirect" reactor production routes offer the possibility for sustainable (177)Lu availability, there are several issues and challenges that must be considered to realize the full potential of these production strategies. RESULTS This article presents a mini review on the latest developments, current status, key challenges and possibilities for the near future. CONCLUSION A broad understanding and discussion of the issues associated with (177)Lu production and processing approaches would not only ensure sustained growth and future expansion for the availability and use of (177)Lu-labeled radiopharmaceuticals, but also help future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Dash
- Isotope Production and Applications Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Trombay, Mumbai 400 085 India
| | | | - Furn F Knapp
- Medical Isotopes Program, Isotope Development Group, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), P.O. Box 2008, MS 6229, Bldg, 4501, 1 Bethel Valley Road,, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6229 USA
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Cross section measurements of proton and deuteron induced reactions on natural europium and yields of SPECT-relevant radioisotopes of gadolinium. Appl Radiat Isot 2014; 91:8-16. [PMID: 24880528 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The existing cross section data of the (nat)Eu(d,x) and (nat)Eu(p,x) reactions relevant for the production of (147,149)Gd were expanded up to 70.9 MeV and 44.8 MeV, respectively. Integral yields of radiogadolinium were calculated, showing production rates higher than for the earlier proposed irradiation of highly enriched (144)Sm with α- or (3)He-particles. The formation of radioisotopic impurities like (151)Gd (T(1/2)=124 d) and (153)Gd (T(1/2)=240 d) was below 5%. Production of (147,)(149)Gd using enriched europium is also discussed.
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Klein ATJ, Rösch F, Coenen HH, Qaim SM. Production of the positron emitter 51Mn via the 50Cr(d, n) reaction: targetry and separation of no-carrier-added radiomanganese. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.2002.90.3_2002.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Summary
In connection with the production of 46.2 min 51Mn via the 50Cr(d, n)-process, several separation techniques such as ion exchange chromatography, solid phase extraction, liquid–liquid extraction and co-precipitation have been investigated; the aim was to separate no-carrier-added radiomanganese from the bulk target chromium. Among the separation systems *MnII/CrIII, *MnII/CrVI and *MnIV/CrVI, the latter applying the co-precipitation of *MnIV with FeIII hydroxide was found to be the optimum; the removal of chromium was rapid and quantitative (remaining content <0.05%) and the separation efficiency was high (99.3% radiochemical yield of *Mn). For production purposes, a sandwiched pellet of the chemical composition Al4·50CrCl3 was developed as a new target. This allowed a quick dissolution after irradiation, thus enabling a fast separation of 51Mn and its production on a MBq scale. A 1 h irradiation at 3 µA (wobbled beam) over an effective deuteron energy range of E
d = 12.8 → 7.9 MeV yielded 107 MBq 51Mn. Simultaneously formed nuclides of other elements, such as 38Cl, 24Na, 48V and 51Cr were quantitatively separated using the proposed procedure. Only the shorter-lived radioisotope 52mMn, formed via the 52Cr(d, 2n)52mMn reaction, was present at a low level of 2%, if the enrichment of 50Cr was 95% (with ∼5% 52Cr).
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Lebedev NA, Novgorodov AF, Misiak R, Brockmann J, Rösch F. Radiochemical separation of no-carrier-added 177Lu as produced via the 176Yb(n,gamma)177Yb-->177Lu process. Appl Radiat Isot 2000; 53:421-5. [PMID: 10972147 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8043(99)00284-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The 176Yb(n,gamma)177Yb-beta(-)-->177Lu process was investigated to provide no-carrier-added (nca) 177Lu. The radiochemical separation of the 177Lu from the macro-amounts of the ytterbium target based on the cementation process, i.e. the selective extraction of Yb by Na(Hg) amalgam from Cl-/CH3COO- electrolytes, followed by a final cation exchange purification. The cementation separation process provides a decontamination factor of Yb(III) of 10(4), the cation exchange purification adding a decontamination factor of > 10(2). The nca 177Lu is available in radiochemically pure form despite the chemical similarity of the lanthanides with 75 +/- 5% overall separation yield within 4-5 h. It can be used to synthesise nca 177Lu labelled radiotherapeuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Lebedev
- Laboratory for Nuclear Problems, JINR Dubna, Russian Federation
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Bujdosó E. Radiochemistry and radiochemical separations. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02345929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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