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D'Alonzo RA, Gill S, Rowshanfarzad P, Keam S, MacKinnon KM, Cook AM, Ebert MA. In vivo noninvasive preclinical tumor hypoxia imaging methods: a review. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:593-631. [PMID: 33703994 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1900943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumors exhibit areas of decreased oxygenation due to malformed blood vessels. This low oxygen concentration decreases the effectiveness of radiation therapy, and the resulting poor perfusion can prevent drugs from reaching areas of the tumor. Tumor hypoxia is associated with poorer prognosis and disease progression, and is therefore of interest to preclinical researchers. Although there are multiple different ways to measure tumor hypoxia and related factors, there is no standard for quantifying spatial and temporal tumor hypoxia distributions in preclinical research or in the clinic. This review compares imaging methods utilized for the purpose of assessing spatio-temporal patterns of hypoxia in the preclinical setting. Imaging methods provide varying levels of spatial and temporal resolution regarding different aspects of hypoxia, and with varying advantages and disadvantages. The choice of modality requires consideration of the specific experimental model, the nature of the required characterization and the availability of complementary modalities as well as immunohistochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A D'Alonzo
- School of Physics, Mathematics and Computing, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Suki Gill
- School of Physics, Mathematics and Computing, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Pejman Rowshanfarzad
- School of Physics, Mathematics and Computing, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Synat Keam
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Kelly M MacKinnon
- School of Physics, Mathematics and Computing, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Alistair M Cook
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Martin A Ebert
- School of Physics, Mathematics and Computing, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
- 5D Clinics, Claremont, Australia
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Motaleb MA, Selim AA, El-Tawoosy M, Sanad MH, El-Hashash MA. Synthesis, characterization, radiolabeling and biodistribution of a novel cyclohexane dioxime derivative as a potential candidate for tumor imaging. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 94:590-596. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1466067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Motaleb
- Labeled Compounds Department, Hot Laboratories Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Adli A. Selim
- Labeled Compounds Department, Hot Laboratories Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M. El-Tawoosy
- Labeled Compounds Department, Hot Laboratories Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M. H. Sanad
- Labeled Compounds Department, Hot Laboratories Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M. A. El-Hashash
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abassia, Cairo, Egypt
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North AJ, Hayne DJ, Schieber C, Price K, White AR, Crouch PJ, Rigopoulos A, O'Keefe GJ, Tochon-Danguy H, Scott AM, White JM, Ackermann U, Donnelly PS. Toward hypoxia-selective rhenium and technetium tricarbonyl complexes. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:9594-610. [PMID: 26375592 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
With the aim of preparing hypoxia-selective imaging and therapeutic agents, technetium(I) and rhenium(I) tricarbonyl complexes with pyridylhydrazone, dipyridylamine, and pyridylaminocarboxylate ligands containing nitrobenzyl or nitroimidazole functional groups have been prepared. The rhenium tricarbonyl complexes were synthesized with short reaction times using microwave irradiation. Rhenium tricarbonyl complexes with deprotonated p-nitrophenyl pyridylhydrazone ligands are luminescent, and this has been used to track their uptake in HeLa cells using confocal fluorescent microscopy. Selected rhenium tricarbonyl complexes displayed higher uptake in hypoxic cells when compared to normoxic cells. A (99m)Tc tricarbonyl complex with a dipyridylamine ligand bearing a nitroimidazole functional group is stable in human serum and was shown to localize in a human renal cell carcinoma (RCC; SK-RC-52) tumor in a mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Angela Rigopoulos
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research , Melbourne-Austin Branch, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
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Mirković M, Janković D, Vranješ-Đurić S, Radović M, Stanković D, Mijin D, Nikolić N. Novel tetradentate diamine dioxime ligands: synthesis, characterization and in vivo behavior of their 99mTc-complexes. Appl Organomet Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.2870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marija Mirković
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences; University of Belgrade; 11001; Belgrade; Serbia
| | - Drina Janković
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences; University of Belgrade; 11001; Belgrade; Serbia
| | - Sanja Vranješ-Đurić
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences; University of Belgrade; 11001; Belgrade; Serbia
| | - Magdalena Radović
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences; University of Belgrade; 11001; Belgrade; Serbia
| | - Dragana Stanković
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences; University of Belgrade; 11001; Belgrade; Serbia
| | - Dušan Mijin
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy; University of Belgrade; 11120; Belgrade; Serbia
| | - Nadežda Nikolić
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences; University of Belgrade; 11001; Belgrade; Serbia
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Huang H, Mei L, Chu T. Synthesis, radiolabeling and biological evaluation of propylene amine oxime complexes containing nitrotriazoles as hypoxia markers. Molecules 2012; 17:6808-20. [PMID: 22664468 PMCID: PMC6268332 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17066808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two propylene amine oxime (PnAO) complexes, 1, containing a 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole and 2, containing two 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazoles, were synthesized and radiolabeled with (99m)Tc in high labeling yields. Cellular uptakes of (99m)Tc-1 and (99m)Tc-2 were tested using a S180 cells line. Under anoxic conditions, the cellular uptakes of (99m)Tc-1 and (99m)Tc-2 were 33.7 ± 0.2% and 35.0 ± 0.7% at 4 h, whereas the normoxic uptakes of the two complexes were 6.0 ± 1.6% and 4.6 ± 0.9%, respectively. Both (99m)Tc-1 and (99m)Tc-2 displayed significant anoxic/normoxic differentials. The cellular uptakes were highly dependent on oxygen and temperature. Biodistribution studies revealed that both (99m)Tc-1 and (99m)Tc-2 showed a selective localization in tumor and slow clearance from it. At 4 h, the tumor-to-muscle ratios (T/M) were 3.79 for (99m)Tc-1 and 4.58 for (99m)Tc-2. These results suggested that (99m)Tc-labeled PnAO complexes (99m)Tc-1 and (99m)Tc-2 might serve as novel hypoxia markers. By introducing a second nitrotriazole redox center, the hypoxic accumulation of the marker was slightly enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Taiwei Chu
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel./Fax: +86-10-6275-4319
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Liu M, Ma Z, Guo X, Zhu J, Su J. Technetium-99m-labelled HL91 and technetium-99m-labelled MIBI SPECT imaging for the detection of ischaemic viable myocardium: a preliminary study. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2011; 32:25-32. [PMID: 22152075 DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-097x.2011.01050.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The assessment of myocardial viability has become an important aspect of the diagnostic and prognostic work-up of patients with coronary artery disease. Technetium-99m labelled sestamibi ((99m)Tc-MIBI) myocardial perfusion imaging may underestimate the viability of ischaemic myocardium. Technetium-99m labelled 4,9-diaza-3,3,10,10-tetramethyldodecan-2,11-dione dioxime ((99m)Tc-HL91) is a hypoxia-avid agent which can identify acutely ischaemic viable myocardium in a canine model using a standard gamma camera. The aim of this study was to evaluate uptake character of ischaemic viable myocardium and diagnostic performance of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging by (99m)Tc-HL91 and (99m)Tc-MIBI in detecting ischaemic viable myocardium in coronary heart disease. METHODS A total of 41 patients with coronary artery disease were recruited from March 2008 to May 2009. For detecting ischaemic viable myocardium, SPECT imaging by (99m)Tc-HL91 and (99m)Tc-MIBI were performed in all patients before coronary revascularization. Six patients with single ischaemic myocardial segment received a 2-day SEPCT/CT imaging protocol and the uptake of (99m)Tc-HL91 in ischaemic myocardium was quantitatively analysed. The remaining 35 patients received a 1-day (99m)Tc-HL91 and (99m)Tc-MIBI SPECT imaging protocol. Resting (99m)Tc-MIBI myocardial perfusion imaging in 3-18 months after revascularization was used as the standard methodology to evaluate the myocardial viability. RESULTS In 41 patients, 66 ischaemic myocardial segments were proven to be viable and 12 to be necrotic by resting (99m)Tc-MIBI myocardial perfusion imaging after coronary revascularization. Furthermore, 60 viable segments with negative uptake of (99m)Tc-MIBI showed positive uptake of (99m)Tc-HL91. The remaining six viable segments and 12 necrotic segments showed both negative uptake of (99m)Tc-HL91 and (99m)Tc-MIBI. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, Younden Index, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for evaluating ischaemic viable myocardium were 90·9%, 100%, 92·3%, 90·9%, 100% and 66·7%, respectively. Ischaemic viable myocardium had the negative (99m)Tc-MIBI uptake and positive (99m)Tc-HL91 uptake, which demonstrated a mismatched uptake character. Quantitative analysis indicated the uptake of (99m)Tc-HL91 in viable myocardium was increasing in the first 1-3 h and remained stable at the 3-4 h after injection. CONCLUSION Functional SPECT imaging with (99m)Tc-HL91 and (99m)Tc-MIBI can be used to detect the seriously ischaemic but viable myocardium with a mismatched uptake character. The uptake of (99m)Tc-HL91 in the viable myocardium reached a stable level at 3-4 h after injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Department of Radiology, Imaging Center, Chao Yang Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Hoigebazar L, Jeong JM, Choi SY, Choi JY, Shetty D, Lee YS, Lee DS, Chung JK, Lee MC, Chung YK. Synthesis and Characterization of Nitroimidazole Derivatives for 68Ga-Labeling and Testing in Tumor Xenografted Mice. J Med Chem 2010; 53:6378-85. [DOI: 10.1021/jm100545a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lathika Hoigebazar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Radiation Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehangno, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Jae Min Jeong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Radiation Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehangno, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Soo Young Choi
- Intelligent Textile System Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Yeon Choi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Radiation Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehangno, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Dinesh Shetty
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Radiation Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehangno, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Yun-Sang Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Radiation Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehangno, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Dong Soo Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Radiation Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehangno, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - June-Key Chung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Radiation Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehangno, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Myung Chul Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Radiation Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehangno, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Young Keun Chung
- Intelligent Textile System Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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The preparation and biological characterization of a new HL91-derivative for hypoxic imaging on stroke mice. Appl Radiat Isot 2010; 68:1610-5. [PMID: 20395152 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2010.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2009] [Revised: 02/25/2010] [Accepted: 03/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM (99m)Tc-HL91 (Prognox, GE-Healthcare) was the first nonnitro-aryl-based radiotracer for evaluating hypoxic fraction in neoplasm, stroke and myocardium infarction regions. However, the high hydrophilicity of (99m)Tc-HL91 might hamper its penetration into cells. In this study, we prepared a new ligand 4,4,11,11-tetramethyl- 5,10-diazatetradecane- 3,12-dionedioxime (HL91-ET) with higher lipophilicity but structurally similar compared with that of HL91. The chemical and biological characterizations of (99m)Tc-HL91-ET as a scintigraphic probe for hypoxia were performed with a stroke-bearing mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS HL91-ET was synthesized and formulated with stannous chloride and buffer to afford kits. After mixing with (99m)Tc-pertechnetate, (99m)Tc-HL91-ET can be prepared in high yield and high radiochemical purity (both >96%). The partition coefficient of (99m)Tc-HL91-ET was determined in n-octanol/PBS system. Cellular uptake assays under normoxic and hypoxic conditions were performed in an oxygen-controlled CO(2) incubator. Brain stroke in the mouse model was induced by the electrocautery of the middle cerebral artery. After intravenous injection of (99m)Tc-HL91-ET into the Balb/c mouse suffering brain stroke, small-animal SPECT images were acquired at designated time points and autoradiography of the brain slides was conducted. Parallel studies of (99m)Tc-HL91 were also conducted at the same conditions for comparison. RESULTS The higher partition coefficient of (99m)Tc-HL91-ET (0.294+/-0.007) indicated higher lipophlicity compared with that of (99m)Tc-HL91 (0.089+/-0.005). The (99m)Tc-HL91-ET preparation was stable at ambient temperature for 24h. Cellular uptake assay showed that (99m)Tc-HL91-ET was less selectively retained in hypoxic cells than (99m)Tc-HL91. The target-to-normal brain ratios derived from the autoradiograms of the brains of stroke mice were 1.31+/-0.02 and 17.47+/-0.10 (n=3), respectively, at 2h post injection of (99m)Tc-HL91-ET and (99m)Tc-HL91. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that (99m)Tc-HL91-ET, though with higher lipophilicity than (99m)Tc-HL91, did not suggest better specific accumulation in hypoxic cells or tissues than (99m)Tc-HL91. The uptake mechanism of (99m)Tc-HL91 was at least not solely by passive diffusion. Lipophilicity should not be the major consideration in designing HL91-derivatives for hypoxia imaging.
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Preliminary studies of 99mTc-BnAO and its analogues: synthesis, radiolabeling and in vitro cell uptake. Nucl Med Biol 2010; 37:117-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2009.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2009] [Revised: 09/19/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Molecular imaging of hypoxia with radiolabelled agents. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2009; 36:1674-86. [PMID: 19565239 PMCID: PMC2758191 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-009-1195-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2009] [Accepted: 06/07/2009] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Tissue hypoxia results from an inadequate supply of oxygen (O2) that compromises biological functions. Structural and functional abnormalities of the tumour vasculature together with altered diffusion conditions inside the tumour seem to be the main causes of tumour hypoxia. Evidence from experimental and clinical studies points to a role for tumour hypoxia in tumour propagation, resistance to therapy and malignant progression. This has led to the development of assays for the detection of hypoxia in patients in order to predict outcome and identify patients with a worse prognosis and/or patients that would benefit from appropriate treatments. A variety of invasive and non-invasive approaches have been developed to measure tumour oxygenation including oxygen-sensitive electrodes and hypoxia marker techniques using various labels that can be detected by different methods such as positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), autoradiography and immunohistochemistry. This review aims to give a detailed overview of non-invasive molecular imaging modalities with radiolabelled PET and SPECT tracers that are available to measure tumour hypoxia.
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Lee BF, Chiu NT, Hsia CC, Shen LH. Accumulation of Tc-99m HL91 in tumor hypoxia: in vitro cell culture and in vivo tumor model. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2009; 24:461-72. [PMID: 19073378 DOI: 10.1016/s1607-551x(09)70003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic cells within a tumor can account, in part, for resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Indeed, the oxygenation status has been shown to be a prognostic marker for the outcome of therapy. The purpose of this study was to determine whether Tc-99m HL91 (HL91), a noninvasive imaging tracer, detects tumor hypoxia in vitro in cell culture and in vivo in a tumor model. Uptake of HL91 in vitro into human lung cancer cells (A549) and murine Lewis lung cancer cells (LL2) was investigated at oxygen concentrations of 20% O2 (normoxia), and 1% O2 (hypoxia). HL91 biodistribution was studied in four groups: severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) mice bearing A549 tumors, C57BL/6NCrj (B6) mice bearing LL2 tumors, SCID controls, and B6 controls. Accumulation of the tracer was compared between tumors treated with hydralazine or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Scintigraphic images were obtained for hydralazine-treated mice and PBS-treated mice in each of the four study groups. Autoradiography of tumor slices was also acquired. In vitro studies identified hypoxia-selective uptake of HL91, with significantly increased uptake in the hypoxic state than in the normoxic state. Biodistribution and scintigraphy showed increased HL91 uptake during tumor hypoxia at 0.5 hours, and there was progressively increased activity for up to 4 hours after tracer administration. HL91 accumulation in tumor hypoxia was markedly increased in mice treated with hydralazine compared with those treated with PBS. Autoradiography revealed high HL91 uptake in the peripheral areas around the necrotic regions of the tumor, which were identified by histologic examination. HL91 exhibits selectivity for tumor hypoxia both in vitro and in vivo and provides a successful imaging modality for the detection of tumor hypoxia in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Fang Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Abrantes AM, Serra ME, Murtinho D, Gonsalves AR, Botelho MF. An insight into tumoral hypoxia: the radiomarkers and clinical applications. Oncol Rev 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12156-009-0001-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Jia HM, Fang DC, Feng Y, Zhang JY, Fan WB, Zhu L. The interconversion mechanism between TcO3+ and TcO2 + core of 99mTc labeled amine-oxime (AO) complexes. Theor Chem Acc 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-008-0474-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sorger D, Patt M, Kumar P, Wiebe LI, Barthel H, Seese A, Dannenberg C, Tannapfel A, Kluge R, Sabri O. [18F]Fluoroazomycinarabinofuranoside (18FAZA) and [18F]Fluoromisonidazole (18FMISO): a comparative study of their selective uptake in hypoxic cells and PET imaging in experimental rat tumors. Nucl Med Biol 2003; 30:317-26. [PMID: 12745023 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8051(02)00442-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The present study compares the uptake of [(18)F]Fluoroazomycinarabinofuranoside ((18)FAZA), a recently developed hypoxia tracer for PET imaging of tissue hypoxia, with an established tracer [(18)F]Fluoromisonidazole ((18)FMISO) both in vitro, using Walker 256 rat carcinosarcoma cells, and in vivo in experimental rat tumors eleven to twelve days after tumor cell implantation. In vitro studies indicated that hypoxia-selective uptake of both (18)FAZA and (18)FMISO in tumor cells, 20 and 100 minutes post-incubation was of the same magnitude (20 min: 1.24 +/- 0.4% ((18)FAZA); 1.19 +/- 0.7% ((18)FMISO); 100 min: 3.6 +/- 1.6% ((18)FAZA); 3.3 +/- 1.7% ((18)FMISO)). PET imaging reflected a similar radiotracer distribution in rat tumors for (18)FAZA and (18)FMISO one h after radiotracer injection. The concentration of (18)FAZA in the tumors as measured by PET, however, was lower in comparison to (18)FMISO (SUV(FAZA) = 0.61 +/- 0.2 vs. SUV(FMISO) = 0.92 +/- 0.3, p < 0.05) although the tumor to muscle ratios for (18)FAZA and (18)FMISO did not differ in the PET images that were obtained after one h (SUV(FAZA) = 2.5 +/- 0.5 vs. SUV(FMISO) = 2.9 +/- 0.7). A comparison of PET data three h post-injection (SUV(FAZA) = 3.0 +/- 0.5 vs. SUV(FMISO) = 4.6 +/- 1.8, p < 0.05) demonstrated a lower (18)FAZA uptake that indicates a lower sensitivity of (18)FAZA in comparison to (18)FMISO in detecting hypoxic regions at a longer time in this animal model. However, these data also show a faster elimination of (18)FAZA from blood, viscera and muscle tissue, via the renal system. This advantage of a faster reduction of unspecific binding, in light of similar or marginally lower tumor uptake, warrants further investigation of (18)FAZA as a marker of regional hypoxia in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietlind Sorger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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Turkoglu O, Soylak M, Belenli I. Electrical Conductivity of Chloro(phenyl)glyoxime and Its Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) Complexes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1135/cccc20031233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Chloro(phenyl)glyoxime, a vicinal dioxime, and its Ni(II), Cu(II) and Co(II) complexes were prepared. XRD patterns of the complexes point to similar crystal structures. IR and elemental analysis data revealed the 1:2 metal-ligand ratio in the complexes. The Co(II) complex is a dihydrate. Temperature dependence of electrical conductivity of the solid ligand and its complexes was measured in the temperature range 25-250 °C; it ranged between 10-14-10-6 Ω-1 cm-1 and increased with rising temperature. The activation energies were between 0.61-0.80 eV. The Co(II) complex has lower electric conductivity than the Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes. This difference in the conductivity has been attributed to differences in the stability of the complexes.
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Melo T, Tunggal JK, Ballinger JR, Rauth AM. Flux through multicellular layers of a technetium-99m-nitroimidazole for imaging hypoxia. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2002; 17:515-26. [PMID: 12470421 DOI: 10.1089/108497802760804745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BRU59-21 is a technetium-99m-nitroimidazole being investigated as a noninvasive marker of tumor hypoxia. Metabolic depletion of BRU59-21, which is used at picomolar concentrations, could limit its ability to reach all hypoxic tumor cells. The multicellular layer (MCL) system, an in vitro model of the extravascular space, was used to assess the ability of BRU59-21 to diffuse to, and beyond, the target population of hypoxic cells. The flux of radioactivity through the MCL system was dependent on the oxygen concentration in the gas phase. Decreased flux and increased metabolism of BRU59-21 were observed under hypoxic compared with aerobic conditions. Analysis of the radioactivity, which passes through the hypoxic MCL, revealed that a proportion of the radioactivity was unmetabolized BRU59-21, but a significant fraction was free pertechnetate. The oxygen dependency of the flux of BRU59-21 required the presence of the nitroimidazole group and was not observed at 4 degrees C, indicating an enzymatic process is required to observe this effect. These findings suggest that metabolic depletion of BRU59-21 is not a major limit to its ability to reach hypoxic cells, but drug metabolism resulting in release of the radioactive label may reduce the ability of BRU59-21 to selectively label hypoxic cells in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tricia Melo
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto and Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Canada
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