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Filak-Mędoń K, Fornalski KW, Bonczyk M, Jakubowska A, Kempny K, Wołoszczuk K, Filipczak K, Żerańska K, Zdrojek M. Graphene-based nanocomposites as gamma- and X-ray radiation shield. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18998. [PMID: 39152207 PMCID: PMC11329645 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69628-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Commonly used materials for protection against ionizing radiation (gamma and X-ray energy range) primarily rely on high-density materials, like lead, steel, or tungsten. However, these materials are heavy and often impractical for various applications, especially where weight is a key parameter, like in avionics or space technology. Here, we study the shielding properties of an alternative light material-a graphene-based composite with a relatively low density ~ 1 g/cm3. We demonstrate that the linear attenuation coefficient is energy of radiation dependent, and it is validated by the XCOM model, showing relatively good agreement. We also show that the mass attenuation coefficient for selected radiation energies is at least comparable with other known materials, exceeding the value of 0.2 cm2/g for higher energies. This study proves the usefulness of a commonly used model for predicting the attenuation of gamma and X-ray radiation for new materials. It shows a new potential candidate for shielding application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Filak-Mędoń
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662, Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof W Fornalski
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Michał Bonczyk
- Silesian Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Central Mining Institute - National Research Institute (GIG-PIB), Plac Gwarków 1, 40-166, Katowice, Poland
| | - Alicja Jakubowska
- Central Laboratory for Radiological Protection (CLOR), Konwaliowa 7, 03-194, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Kamila Kempny
- Central Laboratory for Radiological Protection (CLOR), Konwaliowa 7, 03-194, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Wołoszczuk
- Central Laboratory for Radiological Protection (CLOR), Konwaliowa 7, 03-194, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Filipczak
- Department of Quality Control and Radiation Protection, Medical University of Łódź, 92-216, Łódź, Poland
| | - Klaudia Żerańska
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Mariusz Zdrojek
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662, Warszawa, Poland
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Qiao CK, Lin ST, Chi HC, Jia HT. Relativistic impulse approximation in the atomic ionization process induced by millicharged particles. JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS : JHEP 2021; 2021:184. [PMID: 33776409 PMCID: PMC7980100 DOI: 10.1007/jhep03(2021)184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The millicharged particle has become an attractive topic to probe physics beyond the Standard Model. In direct detection experiments, the parameter space of millicharged particles can be constrained from the atomic ionization process. In this work, we develop the relativistic impulse approximation (RIA) approach, which can duel with atomic many-body effects effectively, in the atomic ionization process induced by millicharged particles. The formulation of RIA in the atomic ionization induced by millicharged particles is derived, and the numerical calculations are obtained and compared with those from free electron approximation and equivalent photon approximation. Concretely, the atomic ionizations induced by mllicharged dark matter particles and millicharged neutrinos in high-purity germanium (HPGe) and liquid xenon (LXe) detectors are carefully studied in this work. The differential cross sections, reaction event rates in HPGe and LXe detectors, and detecting sensitivities on dark matter particle and neutrino millicharge in next-generation HPGe and LXe based experiments are estimated and calculated to give a comprehensive study. Our results suggested that the next-generation experiments would improve 2-3 orders of magnitude on dark matter particle millicharge δ χ than the current best experimental bounds in direct detection experiments. Furthermore, the next-generation experiments would also improve 2-3 times on neutrino millicharge δ ν than the current experimental bounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Kai Qiao
- College of Science, Chongqing University of Technology, Hongguang Avenue, Chongqing, 400054 China
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, 610065 China
| | - Shin-Ted Lin
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, 610065 China
| | - Hsin-Chang Chi
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Da Hsueh Road, Hualien, 97401 China
| | - Hai-Tao Jia
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, 610065 China
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Wang XJ, Miguel B, Seuntjens J, Fernández-Varea JM. On the relativistic impulse approximation for the calculation of Compton scattering cross sections and photon interaction coefficients used in kV dosimetry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 65:125010. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ab8108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Zhao XL, Yang K, Xu LQ, Kang X, Liu YW, Ma YP, Yan S, Ni DD, Zhu LF. Investigation of Compton profiles of molecular methane and ethane. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:084301. [PMID: 25725725 DOI: 10.1063/1.4908534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Compton profiles of methane and ethane molecules have been determined at an incident photon energy of 20 keV based on the third generation synchrotron radiation, and the statistical accuracy of 0.2% is achieved near pz = 0. The density functional theory with aug-cc-pVTZ basis set was used to calculate the Compton profiles of methane and ethane. The present experimental Compton profiles are in better agreement with the theoretical calculations in the whole pz region than the previous experimental results, which indicates that the present experimental Compton profiles are accurate enough to serve as the benchmark data for methane and ethane molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Zhao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, People's Republic of China
| | - Long-Quan Xu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Kang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Wei Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Peng Ma
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Yan
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Dong Ni
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Fan Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
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Pratt R. Photon absorption and photon scattering—What we do not know and why it matters. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2013.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Cunha DM, Tomal A, Poletti ME. Evaluation of scatter-to-primary ratio, grid performance and normalized average glandular dose in mammography by Monte Carlo simulation including interference and energy broadening effects. Phys Med Biol 2010; 55:4335-59. [PMID: 20647608 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/55/15/010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a computational code for the study of imaging systems and dosimetry in conventional and digital mammography through Monte Carlo simulations is described. The developed code includes interference and Doppler energy broadening for simulation of elastic and inelastic photon scattering, respectively. The code estimates the contribution of scattered radiation to image quality through the spatial distribution of the scatter-to-primary ratio (S/P). It allows the inclusion of different designs of anti-scatter grids (linear or cellular), for evaluation of contrast improvement factor (CIF), Bucky factor (BF) and signal difference-to-noise ratio improvement factor (SIF). It also allows the computation of the normalized average glandular dose, D(g).(N). These quantities were studied for different breast thicknesses and compositions, anode/filter combinations and tube potentials. Results showed that the S/P increases linearly with breast thickness, varying slightly with breast composition or the spectrum used. Evaluation of grid performance showed that the cellular grid provides the highest CIF with smaller BF. The SIF was also greater for the cellular grid, although both grids showed SIF < 1 for thin breasts. Results for D(g).(N) showed that it increases with the half-value layer (HVL) of the spectrum, decreases considerably with breast thickness and has a small dependence on the anode/filter combination. Inclusion of interference effects of breast tissues affected the values of S/P obtained with the grid up to 25%, while the energy broadening effect produced smaller variations on the evaluated quantities.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Cunha
- Departamento de Física e Matemática, FFCLRP, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Pratt R, LaJohn L, Florescu V, Surić T, Chatterjee B, Roy S. Compton scattering revisited. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2009.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Recent experimental studies of photon–atom scattering in the X-ray energy region. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2006.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Krishnaveni S, Gowda S, Yashoda T, Umesh T, Gowda R. Incoherent scattering of 137Cs gamma rays in the rare earth elements Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Er and Yb. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2005.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Roy S, Chatterjee B, Pratt R. An alternative method to calculate inelastic scattering cross sections of photons. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2004.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Lee J. Spatial characteristics of the secondary-particle-emitting atomic sites around a gamma-ray source. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2004.04.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Roy S, Pratt R. Need for further inelastic scattering measurements at X-ray energies. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0969-806x(03)00465-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Florescu V, Gavrila M. Soft-photon emission in extreme-relativistic Compton scattering by K-shell electrons and connection to photoeffect. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0969-806x(00)00282-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Bradley D, Roy S, Kissel L, Pratt R. Anomalous scattering effects in elastic photon-atom scattering from biomedically important elements. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0969-806x(99)00280-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
The probability of a photon (x-ray, gamma-ray, bremsstrahlung, etc) of a given energy E undergoing absorption or scattering when traversing a layer of material Z can be expressed quantitatively in terms of a linear attenuation coefficient mu (cm(-1)). Since mu is dependent on the material's density, rho (g cm(-3)), which can be variable, the quantity usually tabulated is the mass attenuation coefficient mu/rho (cm2 g(-1)) in which the dependence on the density has been removed. Mu/rho, in turn, can be obtained as the sum of the different types of possible interactions of photons with atoms of the material. For photon energies below 1 MeV the major interaction processes to be considered are incoherent (Compton) scattering, coherent (Rayleigh) scattering and atomic photoeffect absorption. Above 1 MeV one must also include nuclear-field pair production and atomic-field (triplet) production, and above 5 MeV one in principle should include photonuclear absorption, although the latter is neglected in data tabulations up to the present time. This review includes a selective history of measurements and theory relating to mu/rho from the turn of the century up to the present time, and is intended to provide a basis for further calculations and critical tabulations of photon cross section data, particularly as required by users in radiation medicine and biology. The mass energy-absorption coefficient mu(en)/rho is also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Hubbell
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Ionizing Radiation Division, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8463, USA
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Summary of existing information on the incoherent scattering of photons, particularly on the validity of the use of the incoherent scattering function. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0969-806x(97)00049-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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