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Polumackanycz M, Konieczynski P, Orhan IE, Abaci N, Viapiana A. Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Anti-Enzymatic Activity of Golden Root (Rhodiola rosea L.) Commercial Samples. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050919. [PMID: 35624783 PMCID: PMC9137987 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare the chemical composition of the water and hydromethanolic extracts of R. rosea commercial samples in relation to their biological activity. For this purpose, the HPLC method was used for the determination of eleven phenolic compounds and AAS/AES was used for determination of five essential elements. Moreover, the contents of total phenolic, total flavonoid, total phenolic acids, and L(+)-ascorbic acid were determined. The antioxidant activity was assessed by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS radical scavenging activity, ferric-reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP), and cupric-reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) assays, while the inhibitory activity against AChE and BChE enzymes was determined using Ellman’s method. The results showed that the hydromethanolic extracts of R. rosea were richer in phenolic compounds and showed higher antioxidant and neurobiological activity than the water extracts. However, the water extracts gave higher contents of determined elements. Among the individual phenolic compounds gallic acid (2.33 mg/g DW) and sinapic acid (386.44 µg/g DW) had the highest concentrations in the hydromethanolic and water extracts, respectively. Moreover, the most extracts were observed to be more efficient on BChE. Moreover, the correlation analysis indicated a high positive relationship between chemical composition and biological activity in both extracts of R. rosea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Polumackanycz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland; (M.P.); (P.K.)
| | - Pawel Konieczynski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland; (M.P.); (P.K.)
| | - Ilkay Erdogan Orhan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara 06330, Turkey; (I.E.O.); (N.A.)
- Principal Member of Turkish Academy of Sciences (TÜBA), Vedat Dalokay Street, No. 112, Ankara 06670, Turkey
| | - Nurten Abaci
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara 06330, Turkey; (I.E.O.); (N.A.)
| | - Agnieszka Viapiana
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland; (M.P.); (P.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Study of Antibacterial Activity of Root Bark, Leaves, and Pericarp Extracts of Diploknema butyracea and Evaluation of Prospective Antioxidant Activity. J Trop Med 2022; 2022:6814901. [PMID: 35371266 PMCID: PMC8967552 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6814901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of root bark, leaves, and pericarp extract of Diploknema butyracea and to evaluate the prospective antioxidant activity, total flavonoid, polyphenol, and carbohydrate content. The plant parts were collected and extracted by cold maceration, using hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and distilled water. Phytochemical screening of different samples of D. butyracea in different solvents revealed the presence of varied extent of alkaloid, saponin, terpenoid, anthraquinones, tannin, cardiac glycoside, flavonoid, carbohydrate, polyphenol, protein and amino acid, resin, and phytosterol. Our study showed that methanolic root bark extract exhibited the potent antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Klebsiella pneumonia with an average zone of inhibition of 17.33 mm, 14.33 mm, and 13.0 mm, respectively. Surprisingly, all of the extracts were insensitive to Escherichia coli. The lowest minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), 4.6 mg/ml, was observed with the aqueous pericarp extract against S. epidermidis and the highest was of 50 mg/ml shown by ethyl acetate pericarp against K. pneumonia. Our results showed that both the polar and nonpolar components present in the different parts of D. butyracea exhibit prominent antibacterial activities against different bacterial strains. The in vitro 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity showed that the methanol extract of root barks displayed the most potent antioxidant activity (IC50 : 6.1 µg/ml). The total polyphenol content of the plant part extracts was observed between 19.48 ± 0.23 and 123.48 ± 1.84 µg gallic acid equivalent/mg of dry extract weight. Likewise, flavonoid content ranged from 40.63 ± 1.28 µg to 889.72 ± 3.40 μg quercetin equivalent/mg of dry extract weight and total carbohydrate content ranged from 11.92 ± 0.60 µg to 174.72 ± 0.60 µg glucose equivalent per/mg dry extract weight. Overall, our study showed that the root bark, pericarp, and leaves extract of D. butyracea evinced prominent antibacterial properties against various pathogenic bacterial strains.
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Jamioł M, Wawrzykowski J, Dec M, Wilk A, Czelej M. Comparison of Various Techniques for the Extraction, Analysis of Compounds and Determination of Antioxidant Activities of Rhodiola Spp. - A Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1918147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Jamioł
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
- Biolive Innovation Sp. Z O.o, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Wawrzykowski
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
- Biolive Innovation Sp. Z O.o, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marta Dec
- University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Lublin, Poland
| | - Agata Wilk
- Biolive Innovation Sp. Z O.o, Lublin, Poland
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Tang C, Zhao CC, Yi H, Geng ZJ, Wu XY, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Fan G. Traditional Tibetan Medicine in Cancer Therapy by Targeting Apoptosis Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:976. [PMID: 32774302 PMCID: PMC7381342 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death around the world. Apoptosis, one of the pathways of programmed cell death, is a promising target for cancer therapy. Traditional Tibetan medicine (TTM) has been used by Tibetan people for thousands of years, and many TTMs have been proven to be effective in the treatment of cancer. This paper summarized the medicinal plants with anticancer activity in the Tibetan traditional system of medicine by searching for Tibetan medicine monographs and drug standards and reviewing modern research literatures. Forty species were found to be effective in treating cancer. More importantly, some TTMs (e.g., Ophiocordyceps sinensis, Phyllanthus emblica L. and Rhodiola kirilowii (Regel) Maxim.) and their active ingredients (e.g., cordycepin, salidroside, and gallic acid) have been reported to possess anticancer activity by targeting some apoptosis pathways in cancer, such as Bcl-2/Bax, caspases, PI3K/Akt, JAK2/STAT3, MAPK, and AMPK. These herbs and natural compounds would be potential drug candidates for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Tang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Huan Yi
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zang-Jia Geng
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin-Yue Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Fan
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Rozo G, Rozo C, Puyana M, Ramos FA, Almonacid C, Castro H. Two compounds of the Colombian algae Hypnea musciformis prevent oxidative damage in human low density lipoproteins LDLs. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Rhodiola rosea, a protective antioxidant for intense physical exercise: An in vitro study. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Devi GK, Sathishkumar K. Synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles using Mukia maderaspatna plant extract and its anticancer activity. IET Nanobiotechnol 2017; 11:143-151. [PMID: 28476996 PMCID: PMC8676453 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2015.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The present investigation reveals the in vitro cytotoxic effect of the biosynthesised metal nanoparticles on the MCF 7 breast cancer cell lines. The gold and silver nanoparticles were synthesised through an environmentally admissible route using the Mukia Maderaspatna plant extract. Initially, the biomolecules present in the plant extract were analysed using phytochemical analysis. Further, these biomolecules reduce the metal ion solution resulting from the formation of metal nanoparticles. The reaction parameters were optimised to control the size of nanoparticles which were confirmed by UV visible spectroscopy. Various instrumental techniques such as Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray and scanning electron microscopy were employed to characterise the synthesised gold and silver nanoparticles. The synthesised gold and silver nanoparticles were found to be 20-50 nm and were of different shapes including spherical, triangle and hexagonal. MTT and dual staining assays were carried out with different concentrations (1, 10, 25, 50 and 100 µg/ml) of gold and silver nanoparticles. The results show that the nanoparticles exhibited significant cytotoxic effects with IC 50 value of 44.8 µg/g for gold nanoparticles and 51.3 µg/g for silver nanoparticles. The observations in this study show that this can be developed as a promising nanomaterial in pharmaceutical and healthcare sector.
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Liu Y, Mi Y, Zhang J, Li Q, Chen L. Illumina-based transcriptomic profiling of Panax notoginseng in response to arsenic stress. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2016; 57:13. [PMID: 28597423 PMCID: PMC5432919 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-016-0128-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Panax notoginseng, a famous herbal medicine, has recently attracted great attention on its safety and quality since P. notoginseng can accumulate and tolerate As from growing environment. For the purpose of understanding As damage to the quality of P. notoginseng as well as corresponding tolerance mechanisms, genes involved in As stress response were identified using Illumina sequencing. RESULTS Totally 91,979,946 clean reads were generated and were de novo assembled into 172,355 unigenes. A total of 81,575 unigenes were annotated in at least one database for their functions, accounting for 47.34 %. By comparative analysis, 1725 differentially expressed genes (DEGs, 763 up-regulated/962 down-regulated) were identified between As stressed plant (HAs) and control plant (CK), among which 20 DEGs were further validated by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). In the upstream and downstream steps of biosynthesis pathways of ginsenosides and flavonoids, 7 genes encoding key enzymes were down-regulated in HAs. Such down-regulations were also revealed in pathway enrichment analysis. Genes encoding transporters (transporters of ABC, MATE, sugar, oligopeptide, nitrate), genes related to hormone metabolism (ethylene, ABA, cytokinin) and genes related to arsenic accumulation (HXT, NRAMP, MT and GRX) were differentially expressed. The up-regulated genes included those of oxidative stress-related protein (GSTs, thioredoxin), transcription factors (HSFs, MYBs) and molecular chaperones (HSP). CONCLUSIONS The down-regulation of biosynthesis of ginsenoside and flavonoid indicated that As accumulation in P. notoginseng can cause not only safety hazard, but also qualitative losses. Aside from the results of arsenic content of seedling roots, the ability of P. notoginseng to over-accumulate arsenic can also be explained by the differential expression of genes of HXT, NRAMP, MT and GRX. To illustrate the detoxification mechanism of P. notoginseng, differential expression of genes encoding oxidative-related proteins, transcription factors, molecular chaperones, transporters and hormone were revealed in our study, which agreed with those reported in Arabidopsis to a certain extent, indicating P. notoginseng and Arabidopsis shared some common detoxification mechanisms in response to As stress. The longer As treatment in our study may account for the smaller quantity of related DEGs and smaller degree of expression differences of certain DEGs compared with those of Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Liu
- Quality Standard and Testing Technology Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2238, Beijing Road, Kunming, 650205 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Mi
- Quality Standard and Testing Technology Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2238, Beijing Road, Kunming, 650205 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Quality Standard and Testing Technology Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2238, Beijing Road, Kunming, 650205 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiwan Li
- Quality Standard and Testing Technology Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2238, Beijing Road, Kunming, 650205 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Chen
- Quality Standard and Testing Technology Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2238, Beijing Road, Kunming, 650205 People’s Republic of China
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Cui JL, Guo TT, Ren ZX, Zhang NS, Wang ML. Diversity and antioxidant activity of culturable endophytic fungi from alpine plants of Rhodiola crenulata, R. angusta, and R. sachalinensis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118204. [PMID: 25768014 PMCID: PMC4359136 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhodiola spp. are rare and endangered alpine plants widely used as medicines and food additives by many civilizations since ancient times. Their main effective ingredients (such as salidroside and p-tyrosol) are praised to exhibit pharmacologic effects on high-altitude sickness and possess anti-aging and other adaptogenic capacities based on their antioxidant properties. In this study, 347 endophytic fungi were isolated from R. crenulata, R. angusta, and R. sachalinensis, and the molecular diversity and antioxidant activities of these fungi were investigated for the first time. These fungi were categorized into 180 morphotypes based on cultural characteristics, and their rRNA gene ITS sequences were analyzed by BLAST search in the GenBank database. Except for 12 unidentified fungi (6.67%), all others were affiliated to at least 57 genera in 20 orders of four phyla, namely, Ascomycota (88.89%), Basidiomycota (2.78%), Zygomycota (1.11%), and Glomeromycota (0.56%), which exhibited high abundance and diversity. Antioxidant assay showed that the DPPH radical-scavenging rates of 114 isolates (63.33%) were >50%, and those of five isolates (Rct45, Rct63, Rct64, Rac76, and Rsc57) were >90%. The EC50 values of five antioxidant assays suggested significant potential of these fungi on scavenging DPPH•, O2-•, and OH• radicals, as well as scavenging nitrite and chelating Fe2+, which showed preference and selection between endophytic fungi and their hosts. Further research also provided the first evidence that Rac12 could produce salidrosides and p-tyrosol. Results suggested that versatile endophytic fungi associated with Rhodiola known as antioxidants could be exploited as potential sources of novel antioxidant products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Long Cui
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting-Ting Guo
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Xing Ren
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na-Sha Zhang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng-Liang Wang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, People’s Republic of China
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Arun LB, Arunachalam AM, Arunachalam KD, Annamalai SK, Kumar KA. In vivo anti-ulcer, anti-stress, anti-allergic, and functional properties of gymnemic acid isolated from Gymnema sylvestre R Br. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 14:70. [PMID: 24559073 PMCID: PMC3936851 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gymnema sylvestre is a highly valued ethno pharmacologically important medicinal plant used currently in many poly-herbal formulations due to its potential antidiabetic activity and other health benefits. The present study was carried out to analyze the anti-stress, anti-allergic, and antiulcer activity of the bioactive compounds present in Gymnema sylvestre leaves. METHODS The preliminary phytochemical screening for bioactive compounds from aqueous extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, triterpenes, flavonoids, steroids, and saponins. The antioxidant activities were investigated using DPPH radical scavenging method. The characterization of the extract was carried out using standard compound by High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) and phytochemical analysis in terms of total phenol, total flavonoids, reducing power and antioxidant potentials, etc. The in vivo studies on albino mice proved the purified fraction has anti-stress/anti-allergic activity against milk induced leucocytosis/eosinophilia and able to inhibit the aspirin induced gastric ulcers. RESULTS The quantitative estimation for aqueous extract exhibited total antioxidant (9.13 ± 0.04 μg/g), flavonoids (125.62 ± 26.84 μg/g), tannin (111.53 ± 15.13 μg/g), total phenol content (285.23 ± 1.11 μg/g) and free radical scavenging (52.14 ± 0.32%). Further the aqueous extract was consecutively purified by TLC and silica column chromatography. The purified fractions were characterized by HPTLC and GC-MS and the component was identified as gymnemic acid. The potency of the antimicrobial activity of the extract was studied with bacteria. Pharmacological experiments clearly demonstrated that the extracts of all plants given orally showed significant gastric protection against the asprin-induced gastric ulcer model in mice. Furthermore, healing effects were also confirmed through histopathological examination. CONCLUSIONS The aqueous extracts of the leaves of Gymnema sylvestre possess anti ulcerogenic, Anti allergic, Anti stress, properties that may be due to cytoprotective mechanism. These results support the ethno medical uses of the plant in the treatment of gastric ulcer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilly Baptista Arun
- Center for Environmental Nuclear Research, Directorate of Research, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | | | - Kantha Deivi Arunachalam
- Center for Environmental Nuclear Research, Directorate of Research, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Sathesh Kumar Annamalai
- Center for Environmental Nuclear Research, Directorate of Research, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Kalaivani Amit Kumar
- SRM Medical College Hospitals and Research Centre, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
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Govindan P, Muthukrishnan S. Evaluation of total phenolic content and free radical scavenging activity of Boerhavia erecta. J Acute Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacme.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Tayade A, Dhar P, Sharma M, Chauhan R, Chaurasia O, Srivastava R. Antioxidant Capacities, Phenolic Contents, and GC/MS Analysis ofRhodiola imbricataEdgew. Root Extracts from Trans-Himalaya. J Food Sci 2013; 78:C402-10. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A.B. Tayade
- Defence Inst. of High Altitude Research; Defence Research & Development Organisation; Leh-Ladakh; Jammu & Kashmir; 194 101; India
| | - P. Dhar
- Defence Inst. of High Altitude Research; Defence Research & Development Organisation; Leh-Ladakh; Jammu & Kashmir; 194 101; India
| | - M. Sharma
- Dept. of Pharmacy; Jaypee Univ. of Information Technology; Waknaghat; Solan; 173 234; India
| | - R.S. Chauhan
- Dept. of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics; Jaypee Univ. of Information Technology; Waknaghat; Solan; 173 234; India
| | - O.P. Chaurasia
- Defence Inst. of High Altitude Research; Defence Research & Development Organisation; Leh-Ladakh; Jammu & Kashmir; 194 101; India
| | - R.B. Srivastava
- Defence Inst. of High Altitude Research; Defence Research & Development Organisation; Leh-Ladakh; Jammu & Kashmir; 194 101; India
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Tayade AB, Dhar P, Kumar J, Sharma M, Chauhan RS, Chaurasia OP, Srivastava RB. Chemometric profile of root extracts of Rhodiola imbricata Edgew. with hyphenated gas chromatography mass spectrometric technique. PLoS One 2013; 8:e52797. [PMID: 23326358 PMCID: PMC3542346 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhodiola imbricata Edgew. (Rose root or Arctic root or Golden root or Shrolo), belonging to the family Crassulaceae, is an important food crop and medicinal plant in the Indian trans-Himalayan cold desert. Chemometric profile of the n-hexane, chloroform, dichloroethane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and 60% ethanol root extracts of R. imbricata were performed by hyphenated gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) technique. GC/MS analysis was carried out using Thermo Finnigan PolarisQ Ion Trap GC/MS MS system comprising of an AS2000 liquid autosampler. Interpretation on mass spectrum of GC/MS was done using the NIST/EPA/NIH Mass Spectral Database, with NIST MS search program v.2.0g. Chemometric profile of root extracts revealed the presence of 63 phyto-chemotypes, among them, 1-pentacosanol; stigmast-5-en-3-ol, (3β,24S); 1-teracosanol; 1-henteracontanol; 17-pentatriacontene; 13-tetradecen-1-ol acetate; methyl tri-butyl ammonium chloride; bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate; 7,8-dimethylbenzocyclooctene; ethyl linoleate; 3-methoxy-5-methylphenol; hexadecanoic acid; camphor; 1,3-dimethoxybenzene; thujone; 1,3-benzenediol, 5-pentadecyl; benzenemethanol, 3-hydroxy, 5-methoxy; cholest-4-ene-3,6-dione; dodecanoic acid, 3-hydroxy; octadecane, 1-chloro; ethanone, 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl); α-tocopherol; ascaridole; campesterol; 1-dotriacontane; heptadecane, 9-hexyl were found to be present in major amount. Eventually, in the present study we have found phytosterols, terpenoids, fatty acids, fatty acid esters, alkyl halides, phenols, alcohols, ethers, alkanes, and alkenes as the major group of phyto-chemotypes in the different root extracts of R. imbricata. All these compounds identified by GC/MS analysis were further investigated for their biological activities and it was found that they possess a diverse range of positive pharmacological actions. In future, isolation of individual phyto-chemotypes and subjecting them to biological activity will definitely prove fruitful results in designing a novel drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol B. Tayade
- Defence Institute of High Altitude Research, Defence Research & Development Organisation, Leh-Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Priyanka Dhar
- Defence Institute of High Altitude Research, Defence Research & Development Organisation, Leh-Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Jatinder Kumar
- Defence Institute of High Altitude Research, Defence Research & Development Organisation, Leh-Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Manu Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, India
| | - Rajinder S. Chauhan
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, India
| | - Om P. Chaurasia
- Defence Institute of High Altitude Research, Defence Research & Development Organisation, Leh-Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Ravi B. Srivastava
- Defence Institute of High Altitude Research, Defence Research & Development Organisation, Leh-Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir, India
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