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Teshome MS, Bekele T, Verbecque E, Mingels S, Granitzer M, Abessa TG, Lema TB, Rameckers E. Body composition and associated factors among 5-7-year-old children with moderate acute malnutrition in Jimma town in southwest Ethiopia: A comparative cross-sectional study. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2024; 20:e13655. [PMID: 38661055 PMCID: PMC11168370 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Acute malnutrition affects not only the growth and development but also the body composition of children. However, its specific effects have not yet been characterized. This study aims to compare the body composition of 5-7-year-old children with moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) to that of their well-nourished (WN) peers and identify associated factors. A school-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from June to July 2022 in Jimma town, southwest Ethiopia. The study participants were selected from eight kindergartens and eight primary schools using a simple random sampling technique based on the proportional allocation of the sample to the size of the population in the respective school. Descriptive statistics and multivariable linear regression analyses were used to assess the mean differences and associations between variables and isolate independent predictors of body composition, respectively. The statistical significance was determined using ß-coefficients with 95% confidence intervals and a p value of ≤ 0.05. Data were captured from 388 (194 MAM and 194 WN) children with a response rate of 97.9%. The mean fat-free mass of WN children was significantly higher compared with those with MAM (p < 0.001). The mean (SD) of fat mass of MAM children was 4.23 ± 0.72 kg, 4.36 ± 0.88 kg and 4.08 ± 0.89 kg for 5, 6 and 7-year-olds, respectively. For WN children, the mean (SD) of fat mass was 4.92 ± 0.88 kg for 5 years old, 5.64 ± 1.01 kg for 6 years old and 5.75 ± 1.26 kg for 7 years old (p < 0.001). On the multivariable linear regression analysis after controlling for background variables, WN children exhibited 1.51 times higher fat-free mass compared with MAM children (β = 1.51, p = 0.003). A unit increase in age of the study participants was associated with a 1.37 increment in fat-free mass (β = 1.37, p < 0.001). WN children had 1.07 times higher fat mass compared with children with MAM (β = 1.07, p < 0.001). A unit increase in the age of the child resulted in 0.15 times increment in fat mass (β = 0.15, p = 0.020), and being female was associated with a 0.37 increase in fat mass (β = 0.37, p < 0.001). The results showed that the mean fat mass and fat-free mass were significantly lower among moderately acute malnourished children than in WN children showing the loss of both body compartments due to malnutrition. The body mass index for age, age of the child and sex of the child were significantly linked to both fat-free mass and fat mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melese Sinaga Teshome
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Public Health, Health InstituteJimma UniversityJimmaEthiopia
- Rehabilitation Research Centre (REVAL), Rehabilitation Sciences and PhysiotherapyHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
| | - Tamirat Bekele
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Public HealthJimma UniversityJimmaEthiopia
| | - Evi Verbecque
- Rehabilitation Research Centre (REVAL), Rehabilitation Sciences and PhysiotherapyHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
| | - Sarah Mingels
- Rehabilitation Research Centre (REVAL), Rehabilitation Sciences and PhysiotherapyHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation SciencesLeuven UniversityLeuvenBelgium
| | - Marita Granitzer
- Rehabilitation Research Centre (REVAL), Rehabilitation Sciences and PhysiotherapyHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
| | - Teklu Gemechu Abessa
- Department of Special Needs and Inclusive EducationJimma UniversityJimmaEthiopia
| | - Tefera Belachew Lema
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Public Health, Health InstituteJimma UniversityJimmaEthiopia
| | - Eugene Rameckers
- Rehabilitation Research Centre (REVAL), Rehabilitation Sciences and PhysiotherapyHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
- Research School CAPHRI, Department of Rehabilitation MedicineMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Centre of Expertise in Rehabilitation and AudiologyHoensbroekThe Netherlands
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Badaru UM, Umar AL, Abdullahi A, Usman JS, Ogwumike OO. Influence of malnutrition and body composition on the gross motor function of children with cerebral palsy in Kano, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study. BULLETIN OF FACULTY OF PHYSICAL THERAPY 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s43161-022-00113-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Malnutrition is common among children with cerebral palsy (CWCP); however, its impact on gross motor function (GMF) is not adequately reported. The study evaluated the influence of malnutrition and body composition on GMF.
Methods
In the cross-sectional survey, CWCP were recruited using purposive sampling from three selected secondary and tertiary hospitals in Kano, Nigeria. Sociodemographic variables were recorded on a data capture form. Anthropometric variables were measured using standard procedures. Percent (%) body fat, malnutrition, and GMF were assessed using skinfold thickness, screening tool for the assessment of malnutrition in pediatrics, and GMF classification system (GMFCS), respectively. The data was analyzed with one-way ANOVA, chi-square, and logistic regression using SPSS version 20 at p < 0.05.
Results
The 146 CWCP have mean age of 4.70 ± 2.46 years. About 95 (65.1%) are malnourished. Those with GMFCS V had lower %body fat and higher malnutrition than children with GMFCS II and I, respectively (p < 0.05). Malnutrition has no significant influence on GMF (B = 0.984, OR = 2.676; 95% CI = 0.965–7.423, p > 0.05). %body fat (B = −0.192, OR = 0.826; 95% CI = 0.687–0.992, p < 0.05), type of CP (OR = 12.106; 95% CI = 3.771–38.866, p < 0.005), child’s position in the family (OR = 1.639; 95% CI = 1.162–2.312, p < 0.05), and mothers’ education (B = −2.815, OR = 0.060; 95% CI = 0.012–0.309, p < 0.005) all predicted GMF.
Conclusions
Majority of the CWCP in this study are malnourished. But malnutrition did not however significantly predict GMF, meaning that though malnutrition could impair children’s physical growth and motor development, it however did not have significant influence on their motor function. Hence, CWCP undergoing rehabilitation may not likely experience significant decrease in their motor function due to inadequate nutrition. Decrease in body fat, type of CP, low level of mothers’ education, and child occupying 4th or more position in the family have negative influence on GMF. It was recommended that physiotherapists should routinely assess for malnutrition in CWCP. Prompt nutritional intervention may prevent considerable lose of body fat and augment the gains of physical rehabilitation by providing appropriate nutrition to support muscle growth and the supply of adequate energy for participation in physical exercise. Adequate caregiver education is important for ensuring satisfactory nutrition for CWCP.
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Batistela E, Pereira MP, Siqueira JT, Paula-Gomes S, Zanon NM, Oliveira EB, Navegantes LCC, Kettelhut IC, Andrade CMB, Kawashita NH, Baviera AM. Decreased rate of protein synthesis, caspase-3 activity, and ubiquitin–proteasome proteolysis in soleus muscles from growing rats fed a low-protein, high-carbohydrate diet. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2014; 92:445-54. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2013-0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the rates of both protein synthesis and breakdown, and the activation of intracellular effectors that control these processes in soleus muscles from growing rats fed a low-protein, high-carbohydrate (LPHC) diet for 15 days. The mass and the protein content, as well as the rate of protein synthesis, were decreased in the soleus from LPHC-fed rats. The availability of amino acids was diminished, since the levels of various essential amino acids were decreased in the plasma of LPHC-fed rats. Overall rate of proteolysis was also decreased, explained by reductions in the mRNA levels of atrogin-1 and MuRF-1, ubiquitin conjugates, proteasome activity, and in the activity of caspase-3. Soleus muscles from LPHC-fed rats showed increased insulin sensitivity, with increased levels of insulin receptor and phosphorylation levels of AKT, which probably explains the inhibition of both the caspase-3 activity and the ubiquitin–proteasome system. The fall of muscle proteolysis seems to represent an adaptive response that contributes to spare proteins in a condition of diminished availability of dietary amino acids. Furthermore, the decreased rate of protein synthesis may be the driving factor to the lower muscle mass gain in growing rats fed the LPHC diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Batistela
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Mayara Peron Pereira
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | | | - Silvia Paula-Gomes
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Neusa Maria Zanon
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Brandt Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Isis C. Kettelhut
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Nair Honda Kawashita
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Amanda Martins Baviera
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Rua Expedicionários do Brasil, 1621, CEP 14801 360, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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