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Rakowska J. Remediation of diesel-contaminated soil enhanced with firefighting foam application. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8824. [PMID: 32483220 PMCID: PMC7264282 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65660-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
During rescue operations related to the elimination of the effects of industrial accidents or natural disasters, extinguishing agents are used that affect the migration and transformation of contamination in the environment. Firefighting foam sprayed onto an oil spill slowly drains to an aqueous solution and penetrates the soil. The role of surfactants in the removal of petroleum derivatives is well known, but such extinguishing agents also contain solvents, preservatives, corrosion inhibitors and other ingredients that can reduce the beneficial effect of surfactants on soil remediation. The article presents the results of research on the remediation of soil contaminated with diesel fuel and enhanced with firefighting agents used to extinguish fires or remove oil spills on the road. The obtained results of biodegradation and leaching studies indicate differences in the efficiency of diesel fuel removal from soils. It was also found that Wet 1% reduces the amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the soil compared to oily samples not wetted with extinguishing solutions. Chromatographic analyses have shown both the hydrocarbons degradation and the possibility of their transformation into more hazardous compounds. The effectiveness of soil remediation depends on the chemical composition of the extinguishing agent used on the contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Rakowska
- Institute of Safety Engineering, The Main School of Fire Service, Słowackiego 52/54, Warsaw, 01-629, Poland.
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Saeedi M, Li LY, Grace JR. Simultaneous removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals from natural soil by combined non-ionic surfactants and EDTA as extracting reagents: Laboratory column tests. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 248:109258. [PMID: 31325789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous removal of three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (acenaphthene, fluorene and fluoranthene) co-existing with three heavy metals (Ni, Pb and Zn) in artificially contaminated soil from the vicinity of an oil refinery was examined by column flushing of solutions containing Triton X-100 + Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and Tween 80 + EDTA at three levels of surfactant concentrations. While the effectiveness of both combined solutions in removal of heavy metals did not differ significantly, Triton X-100 + EDTA was more efficient in removing PAHs. Results showed that after 21 pore volume flushing of enhancing solution (Triton X-100 7.5% + EDTA 0.01 M) at flow rate of 0.534 mL min-1 through the column with hydraulic conductivity of 8.5 × 10-5 cm s-1, 54, 47 and 40% of acenaphthene, fluorene, and fluoranthene were removed simultaneously. At the same conditions, 75, 85 and 90% of Pb, Ni and Zn, were also simultaneously removed. Increasing the flow rate of flushing solution decreased the removal efficiency of the contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Saeedi
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, 6250 Applied Science Lane, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Loretta Y Li
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, 6250 Applied Science Lane, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - John R Grace
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Li Z, Wang W, Zhu L. Effects of mixed surfactants on the bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in crops and the bioremediation of contaminated farmlands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 646:1211-1218. [PMID: 30235607 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Given the widespread contamination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in farmland, it is necessary to develop a technology to ensure the safety of agricultural productions and remediate the contaminated soils. In this study, a series of mixed surfactants were utilized to reduce the uptake of PAHs by crops in farming period and enhance the plant-microbe associated biodegradation in fallow period. During the farming period, the mixtures of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTMAB) and Tween 80 were attached on soil by cationic-exchange and hydrogen bond, respectively, which increased soil organic matter to partition the bio-available fraction of PAHs. The maximum reduction of phenanthrene and pyrene was 88.6% and 94.9% for chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum coronarium L.), and 90.6% and 91.9% for raphanus (Raphanus sativus L.), respectively. During the fallow period, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) reduced the adsorption loss of Tween 80 on soil to enhance desorption of PAHs. The mixtures of SDBS and Tween 80 increased the water-soluble fraction of PAHs in soils, modified bacterial community structure, and enriched the functional genes involved cell motility and signal transduction. Removal efficiencies of phenanthrene and pyrene in soils were high to 86.7% and 90.7%. This systematic technology provided an effective solution to remediate and plant on PAH-contaminated farmlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Li
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
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Sun J, Pan L, Tsang DCW, Zhan Y, Zhu L, Li X. Organic contamination and remediation in the agricultural soils of China: A critical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 615:724-740. [PMID: 29017123 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Soil pollution is a global problem in both developed and developing countries. Countries with rapidly developing economies such as China are faced with significant soil pollution problems due to accelerated industrialization and urbanization over the last decades. This paper provides an overview of published scientific data on soil pollution across China with particular focus on organic contamination in agricultural soils. Based on the related peer-reviewed papers published since 2000 (n=203), we evaluated the priority organic contaminants across China, revealed their spatial and temporal distributions at the national scale, identified their possible sources and fates in soil, assessed their potential environmental risks, and presented the challenges in current remediation technologies regarding the combined organic pollution of agricultural soils. The primary pollutants in Northeast China were polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) due to intensive fossil fuel combustion. The concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and phthalic acid esters (PAEs) were higher in North and Central China owing to concentrated agricultural activities. The levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were higher in East and South China primarily because of past industrial operations and improper electronic waste processing. The co-existence of organic contaminants was severe in the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, which are the most populated and industrialized regions in China. Integrated biological-chemical remediation technologies, such as surfactant-enhanced bioremediation, have potential uses in the remediation of soil contaminated by multiple contaminants. This critical review highlighted several future research directions including combined pollution, interfacial interactions, food safety, bioavailability, ecological effects, and integrated remediation methods for combined organic pollution in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianteng Sun
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Lili Pan
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Yu Zhan
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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Lu L, Li A, Ji X, Yang C, He S. Removal of acenaphthene from water by Triton X-100-facilitated biochar-immobilized Pseudomonas aeruginosa. RSC Adv 2018; 8:23426-23432. [PMID: 35540141 PMCID: PMC9081626 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03529f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
By adding the nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 and using biochar as an immobilization carrier, a Triton X-100-facilitated biochar-immobilized Pseudomonas aeruginosa (TFBIP) material was prepared using the sorption method and was used to treat acenaphthene in water. The results showed that a low concentration of Triton X-100 simultaneously promoted the sorption capacity of the biochar and the degradation activity of P. aeruginosa, thereby significantly enhancing the removal of acenaphthene from water by the immobilized P. aeruginosa material. Compared with the control without Triton X-100, a low concentration of Triton X-100 significantly increased the acenaphthene removal rate by 20–50%. The optimal conditions for preparing the TFBIP were a loading time of 24 h, the use of a bacterial suspension with a concentration of OD600 = 0.2, and a Triton X-100 concentration of 10 mg L−1. The optimized TFBIP material could efficiently remove acenaphthene from water at temperatures of 10–50 °C, pH values of 4.5–10.5, and NaCl concentrations of up to 0.2 mol L−1. The new TFBIP material can be used for the treatment of wastewater and may also be directly used for the remediation of soils contaminated with organic pollutants. A new efficient PAH-degrading bacterial material was produced by using biochar as an immobilization carrier and adding nonionic surfactant.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang Gongshang University
- Hangzhou 310018
- China
| | - Anan Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang Gongshang University
- Hangzhou 310018
- China
| | - Xueqin Ji
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang Gongshang University
- Hangzhou 310018
- China
| | - Chunping Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang Gongshang University
- Hangzhou 310018
- China
| | - Shanying He
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang Gongshang University
- Hangzhou 310018
- China
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Qi X, Liu Y, Sun X, Zhang M, Li C. Sorptive affinity of ionic surfactants on silt loamy soil. CHEMICAL SPECIATION & BIOAVAILABILITY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09542299.2016.1187578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingchao Qi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizers, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Yanli Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizers, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Xiaohui Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizers, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Min Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizers, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Chengliang Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizers, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
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Practical considerations and challenges involved in surfactant enhanced bioremediation of oil. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:328608. [PMID: 24350261 PMCID: PMC3857904 DOI: 10.1155/2013/328608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Surfactant enhanced bioremediation (SEB) of oil is an approach adopted to overcome the bioavailability constraints encountered in biotransformation of nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) pollutants. Fuel oils contain n-alkanes and other aliphatic hydrocarbons, monoaromatics, and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Although hydrocarbon degrading cultures are abundant in nature, complete biodegradation of oil is rarely achieved even under favorable environmental conditions due to the structural complexity of oil and culture specificities. Moreover, the interaction among cultures in a consortium, substrate interaction effects during the degradation and ability of specific cultures to alter the bioavailability of oil invariably affect the process. Although SEB has the potential to increase the degradation rate of oil and its constituents, there are numerous challenges in the successful application of this technology. Success is dependent on the choice of appropriate surfactant type and dose since the surfactant-hydrocarbon-microorganism interaction may be unique to each scenario. Surfactants not only enhance the uptake of constituents through micellar solubilization and emulsification but can also alter microbial cell surface characteristics. Moreover, hydrocarbons partitioned in micelles may not be readily bioavailable depending on the microorganism-surfactant interactions. Surfactant toxicity and inherent biodegradability of surfactants may pose additional challenges as discussed in this review.
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