Laser-flash photolysis of α-brominated o-xylenes

Sensitized phosphorescence studies of p-xylene+biacetyl system, an optical antenna

p-Xylene sensitized biacetyl fluorescence and phosphorescence has been investigated and photosensitized phosphorescence lifetimes of biacetyl in the vapor phase has been determined. Attempts to detect the triplet of biacetyl by its absorption spectrum were unsuccessful, due to primarily, it is believed, to the low extinction coefficients of the triplet, and the low triplet concentrations produced by the optical pumping device at room temperature.

p-Hertz excitation spectroscopy of an optical antenna, optical transmitter-receiver mechanism

o-Xylene sensitized biacetyl fluorescence and phosphorescence have been investigated and photosensitized fluorescence and phosphorescence lifetimes of biacetyl in the vapor phase have been determined. Attempts to detect the triplet of biacetyl by its absorption spectrum were unsuccessful, primarily due to, it is believed, the low extinction coefficients of the triplet, and the low triplet concentrations produced by the optical pumping device at room temperature.

Photolysis of alpha-xylyl chlorides: an efficient deep-UV photoinitiating system for radical and cationic polymerization

Photoacid generators (PAG) are chemical systems where light absorption renders strong acid formation, typically with quantum yields greater than one. Many compounds bearing halogen atoms are reported to produce hydrogen halides upon photolysis. Here, alpha-chloroxylene derivatives (ortho, meta and para) were subject of a photolysis study in order to: (i) determine the operative mechanism, (ii) identify the products formed and (iii) quantify the amount of HCl formed. Product structure and quantum yields of HCl formation where determined for the photolysis of alpha-chloro-o-xylene (1), alpha-chloro-m-xylene (2), alpha-chloro-p-xylene (3), alpha, alpha'-dichloro-o-xylene (4), alpha, alpha'-dichloro-m-xylene (5) and alpha, alpha'-dichloro-p-xylene (6) in apolar (benzene, cumene, ethylbenzene, toluene and isooctane) and polar (methanol, n-propanol, isopropyl alcohol) solvents. Some of these compounds were analysed by laser flash photolysis in argon-purged isooctane as solvent to examine the possible reaction intermediates involved. The observed products are derived from typical radical reactions like recombination, dimerization and hydrogen abstraction from the starting compound or from solvents. The formation of HCl is expected as the result of C-Cl homolysis followed by hydrogen abstraction by chlorine atom. The results showed yields ranging from 1.2 to 18, depending on the conditions used. These numbers indicate the potential use of these compounds as PAG systems for the deep UV region.

A two-color laser photolysis method for determining reaction rates of short-lived intermediates by product analysis: application to the o-quinodimethane problem

A time-delayed, two-color pulse laser photolysis technique was used for a kinetic study of short-lived transient species through product analysis, the determination of the rate constant of the cycloaddition of o-quinodimethane (1) and maleic anhydride (2) in room-temperature solutions. o-Quinodimethane (1) was generated from 1,2-bis[(phenylseleno)methyl]benzene (3) by the irradiation of a pulse of a KrF excimer laser (248 nm) in the presence of excess 2, and a successive pulse of a XeCl excimer laser (308 nm) was irradiated to the reaction mixture after varied delay times from 0 to 0.1 s for the decomposition of the remaining 1 to quench the cycloaddition reaction. The rate constant of the cycloaddition of 1 and 2 was 2.1 x 10(5) M(-1) s(-1), which was obtained by the analysis of the delay-time dependence of the product yields.