1
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Ramdar M, Kazemi F, Eskandari P, Mirzaei M, Kaboudin B, Taran Z. N-Formylation of Amines via Trapping of Degradation Intermediate of Ethers. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2023.114555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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2
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Yuan M, Huang D, Zhao Y. Development of Synthesis and Application of High Molecular Weight Poly(Methyl Methacrylate). Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14132632. [PMID: 35808676 PMCID: PMC9269080 DOI: 10.3390/polym14132632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is widely used in aviation, architecture, medical treatment, optical instruments and other fields because of its good transparency, chemical stability and electrical insulation. However, the application of PMMA largely depends on its physical properties. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, fracture surface energy, shear modulus and Young’s modulus are increased with the increase in molecular weight. Consequently, it is of great significance to synthesize high molecular weight PMMA. In this article, we review the application of conventional free radical polymerization, atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and coordination polymerization for preparing high molecular weight PMMA. The mechanisms of these polymerizations are discussed. In addition, applications of PMMA are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yuan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0578-2271-458
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3
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Jagtap A, More A. A review on self-initiated and photoinitiator-free system for photopolymerization. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03887-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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4
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Zhu Y, Egap E. Light-Mediated Polymerization Induced by Semiconducting Nanomaterials: State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives. ACS POLYMERS AU 2021; 1:76-99. [PMID: 36855427 PMCID: PMC9954404 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.1c00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Direct capture of solar energy for chemical transformation via photocatalysis proves to be a cost-effective and energy-saving approach to construct organic compounds. With the recent growth in photosynthesis, photopolymerization has been established as a robust strategy for the production of specialty polymers with complex structures, precise molecular weight, and narrow dispersity. A key challenge in photopolymerization is the scarcity of effective photomediators (photoinitiators, photocatalysts, etc.) that can provide polymerization with high yield and well-defined polymer products. Current efforts on developing photomediators have mainly focused on organic dyes and metal complexes. On the other hand, nanomaterials (NMs), particularly semiconducting nanomaterials (SNMs), are suitable candidates for photochemical reactions due to their unique optical and electrical properties, such as high absorption coefficients, large charge diffusion lengths, and broad absorption spectra. This review provides a comprehensive insight into SNMs' photomediated polymerizations and highlights the roles SNMs play in photopolymerizations, types of polymerizations, applications in producing advanced materials, and the future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhu
- †Department
of Materials Science and Nanoengineering and ‡Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Eilaf Egap
- †Department
of Materials Science and Nanoengineering and ‡Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States,
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5
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Riad K, Hoa SV, Wood-Adams PM. Metal Oxide Quantum Dots Embedded in Silica Matrices Made by Flame Spray Pyrolysis. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:11411-11417. [PMID: 34056296 PMCID: PMC8153950 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dots have unique size-dependent properties and promising applications. However, their use in many applications remains hindered by mechanical, thermal, and chemical instability and the lack of viable quantum dot mass-production processes. Embedding quantum dots in matrices such as silica counteracts the instability challenges in some applications while preserving their unique properties and applicability. Here, we synthesize quantum dots of four different metal oxides embedded in a silica matrix in a one-step mass-production process using flame spray pyrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keroles
B. Riad
- Laboratory
for the Physics of Advanced Materials, Department of Chemical and
Material Engineering, Concordia University, 1550 De Maisonneuve Blvd. W., Montreal, Quebec H3G 2J2, Canada
| | - Suong V. Hoa
- Concordia
Center for Composites, Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace
Engineering, Concordia University, 1550 De Maisonneuve Blvd. W., Montreal, Quebec H3G 2J2, Canada
| | - Paula M. Wood-Adams
- Laboratory
for the Physics of Advanced Materials, Department of Chemical and
Material Engineering, Concordia University, 1550 De Maisonneuve Blvd. W., Montreal, Quebec H3G 2J2, Canada
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6
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Liao J, Ye D. Improving ZnO photoinitiation efficiency by surface reaction with 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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7
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Waiskopf N, Magdassi S, Banin U. Quantum Photoinitiators: Toward Emerging Photocuring Applications. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:577-587. [PMID: 33353293 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c10554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Semiconductor nanocrystals are promising photocatalysts for a wide range of applications, ranging from alternative fuel generation to biomedical and environmental applications. This stems from their diverse properties, including flexible spectral tunability, stability, and photocatalytic efficiencies. Their functionality depends on the complex influence of multiple parameters, including their composition, dimensions, architecture, surface coating, and environmental conditions. A particularly promising direction for rapid adoption of these nanoparticles as photocatalysts is their ability to act as photoinitiators (PIs) for radical polymerization. Previous studies served to demonstrate the proof of concept for the use of quantum confined semiconductor nanocrystals as photoinitiators, coining the term Quantum PIs, and provided insights for their photocatalytic mechanism of action. However, these early reports suffered from low efficiencies while requiring purging with inert gases, use of additives, and irradiation by high light intensities with very long excitation durations, which limited their potential for real-life applications. The progress in nanocrystal syntheses and surface engineering has opened the way to the introduction of the next generation of Quantum PIs. Herein, we introduce the research area of nanocrystal photocatalysts, review their studies as Quantum PIs for radical polymerization, from suspension polymerization to novel printing, as well as in a new family of polymerization techniques, of reversible deactivation radical polymerization, and provide a forward-looking view for the challenges and prospects of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Waiskopf
- The Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Shlomo Magdassi
- The Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Uri Banin
- The Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
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8
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Shvalagin VV, Korzhak GV, Kuchmiy SY, Skoryk MA, Selyshchev OV, Zahn DR. Facile preparation and high photocatalytic activity of crystalline graphitic carbon nitride in hydrogen evolution from electron donor solutions under visible light. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.112295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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9
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Zhou YN, Li JJ, Wu YY, Luo ZH. Role of External Field in Polymerization: Mechanism and Kinetics. Chem Rev 2020; 120:2950-3048. [PMID: 32083844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The past decades have witnessed an increasing interest in developing advanced polymerization techniques subjected to external fields. Various physical modulations, such as temperature, light, electricity, magnetic field, ultrasound, and microwave irradiation, are noninvasive means, having superb but distinct abilities to regulate polymerizations in terms of process intensification and spatial and temporal controls. Gas as an emerging regulator plays a distinctive role in controlling polymerization and resembles a physical regulator in some cases. This review provides a systematic overview of seven types of external-field-regulated polymerizations, ranging from chain-growth to step-growth polymerization. A detailed account of the relevant mechanism and kinetics is provided to better understand the role of each external field in polymerization. In addition, given the crucial role of modeling and simulation in mechanisms and kinetics investigation, an overview of model construction and typical numerical methods used in this field as well as highlights of the interaction between experiment and simulation toward kinetics in the existing systems are given. At the end, limitations and future perspectives for this field are critically discussed. This state-of-the-art research progress not only provides the fundamental principles underlying external-field-regulated polymerizations but also stimulates new development of advanced polymerization methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Ning Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Jin Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Yang Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Hong Luo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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10
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Feng J, Ye D. Polymerizable ZnO photoinitiators of surface modification with hydroxyl acrylates and photopolymerization with UV-curable waterborne polyurethane acrylates. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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11
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Additive-free photosynthesis of acrylamide hydrogels initiated with CdS and TiO2 as light visible nano-photocatalysts. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-018-0627-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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12
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Huang Y, Zhu Y, Egap E. Semiconductor Quantum Dots as Photocatalysts for Controlled Light-Mediated Radical Polymerization. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:184-189. [PMID: 35610890 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Light-mediated radical polymerization has benefited from the rapid development of photoredox catalysts and offers many exceptional advantages over traditional thermal polymerizations. Nevertheless, the majority of the work relies on molecular photoredox catalysts or expensive transition metals. We exploited the capability of semiconductor quantum dots (QD) as a new type of catalyst for the radical polymerization that can harness natural sunlight. Polymerizations of (meth)acrylates, styrene, and construction of block copolymers were demonstrated, together with temporal control of the polymerization by the light source. Photoluminescence experiments revealed that the reduction of alkyl bromide initiator by photoexcited QD is the key to this light-mediated radical polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Huang
- Department
of Materials Science and NanoEngineering and §Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Yifan Zhu
- Department
of Materials Science and NanoEngineering and §Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Eilaf Egap
- Department
of Materials Science and NanoEngineering and §Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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13
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Liao W, Ni X. Photocatalytic decarboxylation of diacids for the initiation of free radical polymerization. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2017; 16:1211-1219. [PMID: 28678292 DOI: 10.1039/c7pp00013h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photopolymerization, which is one of the most attractive polymerization methods, has been recently studied for the development of new photoinitiators. Herein, we use a binary mixture of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles and carboxylic diacid as a novel photoinitiator to initiate the free radical polymerization of vinyl acetate (VAc). The polymerization of VAc is achieved both in aqueous medium and bulk. The initiation mechanism of TiO2/diacids is studied via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy using 13C labeled diacids as probing molecules. Further, a universal reaction mechanism is established, where the polymerization of VAc is initiated by the HOOC-R˙ radical, which is generated from the photocatalytic decarboxylation of the diacid. The polymerization kinetics results indicate that the polymerization rate is strongly dependant on the diacid structure. Compared to the use of diacids with an odd number of carbons, it is found that using diacids with an even number of carbons results in the polymerization rate reaching the maximum value faster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanfeng Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymer, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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14
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Pawar AA, Halivni S, Waiskopf N, Ben-Shahar Y, Soreni-Harari M, Bergbreiter S, Banin U, Magdassi S. Rapid Three-Dimensional Printing in Water Using Semiconductor-Metal Hybrid Nanoparticles as Photoinitiators. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:4497-4501. [PMID: 28617606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b01870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing processes enable fabrication of complex and functional three-dimensional (3D) objects ranging from engine parts to artificial organs. Photopolymerization, which is the most versatile technology enabling such processes through 3D printing, utilizes photoinitiators that break into radicals upon light absorption. We report on a new family of photoinitiators for 3D printing based on hybrid semiconductor-metal nanoparticles. Unlike conventional photoinitiators that are consumed upon irradiation, these particles form radicals through a photocatalytic process. Light absorption by the semiconductor nanorod is followed by charge separation and electron transfer to the metal tip, enabling redox reactions to form radicals in aerobic conditions. In particular, we demonstrate their use in 3D printing in water, where they simultaneously form hydroxyl radicals for the polymerization and consume dissolved oxygen that is a known inhibitor. We also demonstrate their potential for two-photon polymerization due to their giant two-photon absorption cross section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol Ashok Pawar
- The Institute of Chemistry, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Edmond J. Safra campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Shira Halivni
- The Institute of Chemistry, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Edmond J. Safra campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Nir Waiskopf
- The Institute of Chemistry, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Edmond J. Safra campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Yuval Ben-Shahar
- The Institute of Chemistry, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Edmond J. Safra campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | | | | | - Uri Banin
- The Institute of Chemistry, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Edmond J. Safra campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Shlomo Magdassi
- The Institute of Chemistry, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Edmond J. Safra campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
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15
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Kazemi F, Mohamadnia Z, Kaboudin B, Gharibi H, Ahmadinejad E, Taran Z. Synthesis, characterization and swelling behavior investigation of hydrogel based on AAm and AA using CdS nanorods as photocatalyst initiator under different irradiations. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Lobry E, BT Bah AS, Vidal L, Oliveros E, Braun AM, Criqui A, Chemtob A. Colloidal and Supported TiO2
: Toward Nonextractable and Recyclable Photocatalysts for Radical Polymerizations in Aqueous Dispersed Media. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201600150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Lobry
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Photochemistry and Engineering; University of Haute-Alsace; 3 rue Alfred Werner 68093 Mulhouse Cedex France
| | - Abdoul Salam BT Bah
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Photochemistry and Engineering; University of Haute-Alsace; 3 rue Alfred Werner 68093 Mulhouse Cedex France
| | - Loïc Vidal
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse; CNRS UMR 7361; University of Haute-Alsace; 15 rue Jean Starcky 68057 Mulhouse France
| | - Esther Oliveros
- Laboratoire des Interactions Moléculaires et Réactivité Chimique et Photochimique (IMRCP); UMR 5623-CNRS/UPS; Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier; 118, route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
| | - André M. Braun
- Engler-Bunte-Institute; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Adrien Criqui
- Mäder Research; MADER GROUP; 130 rue de la Mer Rouge 68200 Mulhouse France
| | - Abraham Chemtob
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse; CNRS UMR 7361; University of Haute-Alsace; 15 rue Jean Starcky 68057 Mulhouse France
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17
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Zhang W, Yuan Z, Huang L, Kang J, Jiang R, Zhong H. Titanium Dioxide Photocatalytic Polymerization of Acrylamide for Gel Electrophoresis (TIPPAGE) of Proteins and Structural Identification by Mass Spectrometry. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20981. [PMID: 26865351 PMCID: PMC4750088 DOI: 10.1038/srep20981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) coupled with mass spectrometry has been well established for separating, identifying and quantifying protein mixtures from cell lines, tissues or other biological samples. The copolymerization process of acrylamide and bis-acrylamide is the key to mastering this powerful technique. In general, this is a vinyl addition reaction initiated by free radical-generating reagents such as ammonium persulfate (APS) and tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED) under basic pH and degassing experimental condition. We report herein a photocatalytic polymerization approach that is based on photo-generated hydroxyl radicals with nanoparticles of titanium dioxide. It was shown that the polymerization process is greatly accelerated in acidic condition when ultraviolet light shots on the gel solution containing TiO2 nanoparticles without degassing. This feature makes it very useful in preparing Triton X-100 acid urea (TAU) gel that has been developed for separating basic proteins such as histones and variants in acidic experimental condition. Additionally, the presence of titanium dioxide in the gel not only improves mechanistic property of gels but also changes the migration pattern of different proteins that have different affinities to titanium dioxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyang Zhang
- Mass Spectrometry Center for Structural Identification of Biological Molecules and Precision Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Yuan
- Mass Spectrometry Center for Structural Identification of Biological Molecules and Precision Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Lulu Huang
- Mass Spectrometry Center for Structural Identification of Biological Molecules and Precision Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Jie Kang
- Mass Spectrometry Center for Structural Identification of Biological Molecules and Precision Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Ruowei Jiang
- Mass Spectrometry Center for Structural Identification of Biological Molecules and Precision Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Hongying Zhong
- Mass Spectrometry Center for Structural Identification of Biological Molecules and Precision Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
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18
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Kazemi F, Mohamadnia Z, Kaboudin B, Karimi Z. Photodegradation of methylene blue with a titanium dioxide/polyacrylamide photocatalyst under sunlight. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Foad Kazemi
- Department of Chemistry; Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences; Gava Zang, P. O. Box 45195-1159 Zanjan Iran
| | - Zahra Mohamadnia
- Department of Chemistry; Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences; Gava Zang, P. O. Box 45195-1159 Zanjan Iran
| | - Babak Kaboudin
- Department of Chemistry; Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences; Gava Zang, P. O. Box 45195-1159 Zanjan Iran
| | - Zeinab Karimi
- Department of Chemistry; Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences; Gava Zang, P. O. Box 45195-1159 Zanjan Iran
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19
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Dadashi-Silab S, Doran S, Yagci Y. Photoinduced Electron Transfer Reactions for Macromolecular Syntheses. Chem Rev 2016; 116:10212-75. [PMID: 26745441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 546] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Photochemical reactions, particularly those involving photoinduced electron transfer processes, establish a substantial contribution to the modern synthetic chemistry, and the polymer community has been increasingly interested in exploiting and developing novel photochemical strategies. These reactions are efficiently utilized in almost every aspect of macromolecular architecture synthesis, involving initiation, control of the reaction kinetics and molecular structures, functionalization, and decoration, etc. Merging with polymerization techniques, photochemistry has opened up new intriguing and powerful avenues for macromolecular synthesis. Construction of various polymers with incredibly complex structures and specific control over the chain topology, as well as providing the opportunity to manipulate the reaction course through spatiotemporal control, are one of the unique abilities of such photochemical reactions. This review paper provides a comprehensive account of the fundamentals and applications of photoinduced electron transfer reactions in polymer synthesis. Besides traditional photopolymerization methods, namely free radical and cationic polymerizations, step-growth polymerizations involving electron transfer processes are included. In addition, controlled radical polymerization and "Click Chemistry" methods have significantly evolved over the last few decades allowing access to narrow molecular weight distributions, efficient regulation of the molecular weight and the monomer sequence and incredibly complex architectures, and polymer modifications and surface patterning are covered. Potential applications including synthesis of block and graft copolymers, polymer-metal nanocomposites, various hybrid materials and bioconjugates, and sequence defined polymers through photoinduced electron transfer reactions are also investigated in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Dadashi-Silab
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University , 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sean Doran
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University , 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University , 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey.,Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR) and Department of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University , 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Semiconductor Nanocrystals and Graphene Oxide as Visible-Light-Sensitive Photoinitiators of Acrylamide Polymerization in Water. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.15407/hftp06.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Ingrosso C, Esposito Corcione C, Striani R, Comparelli R, Striccoli M, Agostiano A, Curri ML, Frigione M. UV-curable nanocomposite based on methacrylic-siloxane resin and surface-modified TiO2 nanocrystals. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:15494-15505. [PMID: 26151152 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b03731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel UV-light-curable nanocomposite material formed of a methacrylic-siloxane resin loaded with 1 wt % oleic acid and 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate silane (OLEA/MEMO)-coated TiO2 nanorods (NRs) has been manufactured as a potential self-curing structural coating material for protection of monuments and artworks, optical elements, and dental components. OLEA-coated TiO2 NRs, presynthesized by a colloidal chemistry route, have been surface-modified by a treatment with the methacrylic-based silane coupling agent MEMO. The resulting OLEA/MEMO-capped TiO2 NRs have been dispersed in MEMO; that is a monomer precursor of the organic formulation, used as a "common solvent" for transferring the NRs in prepolymer components of the formulation. Differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy have allowed investigation of the effects of the incorporation of the OLEA/MEMO-capped TiO2 NRs on reactivity and photopolymerization kinetics of the nanocomposite, demonstrating that the embedded NRs significantly increase curing reactivity of the neat organic formulation both in air and inert atmosphere. Such a result has been explained on the basis of the photoactivity of the nanocrystalline TiO2 which behaves as a free-radical donor photocatalyst in the curing reaction, finally turning out more effective than the commonly used commercial photoinitiator. Namely, the NRs have been found to accelerate the cure rate and increase cross-linking density, promoting multiple covalent bonds between the resin prepolymers and the NR ligand molecules, and, moreover, they limit inhibition effect of oxygen on photopolymerization. The NRs distribute uniformly in the photocurable matrix, as assessed by transmission electron microscopy analysis, and increase glass transition temperature and water contact angle of the nanocomposite with respect to the neat resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Ingrosso
- †CNR-IPCF U.O.S. Bari, c/o Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Via Orabona, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Carola Esposito Corcione
- ‡Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Via Arnesano, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Raffaella Striani
- ‡Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Via Arnesano, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Roberto Comparelli
- †CNR-IPCF U.O.S. Bari, c/o Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Via Orabona, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Marinella Striccoli
- †CNR-IPCF U.O.S. Bari, c/o Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Via Orabona, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Agostiano
- †CNR-IPCF U.O.S. Bari, c/o Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Via Orabona, 70126 Bari, Italy
- §Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - M Lucia Curri
- †CNR-IPCF U.O.S. Bari, c/o Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Via Orabona, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Mariaenrica Frigione
- ‡Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Via Arnesano, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
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22
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Dadashi-Silab S, Yar Y, Yagci Acar H, Yagci Y. Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as long wavelength photoinitiators for free radical polymerization. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py01658k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) capped with lauric acid agents were synthesized and their photocatalytic activity was investigated in free radical photopolymerization of vinyl monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasemin Yar
- Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering
- Koc University
- 34450 Sariyer
- Turkey
| | - Havva Yagci Acar
- Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering
- Koc University
- 34450 Sariyer
- Turkey
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Department of Chemistry
- Istanbul Technical University
- 34469 Maslak
- Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR) and Department of Chemistry
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23
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Dadashi-Silab S, Asiri AM, Khan SB, Alamry KA, Yagci Y. Semiconductor nanoparticles for photoinitiation of free radical polymerization in aqueous and organic media. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Dadashi-Silab
- Department of Chemistry; Istanbul Technical University; 34469 Maslak Istanbul Turkey
| | - Abdullah Mohamed Asiri
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR) and Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; King Abdulaziz University; 21589 Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Sher Bahadar Khan
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR) and Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; King Abdulaziz University; 21589 Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A. Alamry
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR) and Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; King Abdulaziz University; 21589 Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Department of Chemistry; Istanbul Technical University; 34469 Maslak Istanbul Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR) and Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; King Abdulaziz University; 21589 Jeddah Saudi Arabia
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24
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Panasiuk YV, Raevskaya OE, Stroyuk OL, Kuchmiy SY, Dzhagan VM, Hietschold M, Zahn DRT. Colloidal ZnO nanocrystals in dimethylsulfoxide: a new synthesis, optical, photo- and electroluminescent properties. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 25:075601. [PMID: 24451156 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/7/075601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Stable colloidal solutions of zinc oxide in dimethylsulfoxide were synthesized via interaction between zinc(II) acetate and tetraalkylammonium hydroxides (alkyl-ethyl, propyl, butyl, and pentyl). Colloids of ZnO emit photoluminescence in a broad band with a maximum at 2.3-2.4 eV with quantum yields of up to 9-10% at room temperature and 15-16% at 80 K. The photoluminescence is supposed to originate from the radiative recombination of conduction band electrons with holes captured by deep traps having corresponding states in the band gap 1.0-1.2 eV above the valence band edge. The size of colloidal ZnO nanocrystals depends on the duration and temperature of the post-synthesis treatment and varies in the range of 3-6 nm. Growth of the ZnO nanocrystals can be terminated at any moment of the thermal treatment by freezing the colloidal solution or by addition of tetraethyl orthosilicate which hydrolyses forming core-shell ZnO@SiO2 particles. ZnO nanocrystals introduced into polyethyleneimine films can be used as an active component of an LED emitting at an applied voltage higher than 13 V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y V Panasiuk
- L V Pysarzhevsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Prospekt Nauky 31, 03028 Kyiv, Ukraine
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25
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Dadashi-Silab S, Atilla Tasdelen M, Mohamed Asiri A, Bahadar Khan S, Yagci Y. Photoinduced Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Using Semiconductor Nanoparticles. Macromol Rapid Commun 2013; 35:454-9. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201300704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Dadashi-Silab
- Department of Chemistry; Istanbul Technical University; Maslak 34469 Istanbul Turkey
| | - Mehmet Atilla Tasdelen
- Department of Chemistry; Istanbul Technical University; Maslak 34469 Istanbul Turkey
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering; Yalova University; 77100 Yalova Turkey
| | - Abdullah Mohamed Asiri
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Sher Bahadar Khan
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Department of Chemistry; Istanbul Technical University; Maslak 34469 Istanbul Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
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26
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Semiconductor nanoparticle-based hydrogels prepared via self-initiated polymerization under sunlight, even visible light. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1399. [PMID: 23466566 PMCID: PMC3590559 DOI: 10.1038/srep01399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Since ancient times, people have used photosynthesized wood, bamboo, and cotton as building and clothing materials. The advantages of photo polymerization include the mild and easy process. However, the direct use of available sunlight for the preparation of materials is still a challenge due to its rather dilute intensity. Here, we show that semiconductor nanoparticles can be used for initiating monomer polymerization under sunlight and for cross-linking to form nanocomposite hydrogels with the aid of clay nanosheets. Hydrogels are an emerging multifunctional platform because they can be easily prepared using solar energy, retain semiconductor nanoparticle properties after immobilization, exhibit excellent mechanical strength (maximum compressive strength of 4.153 MPa and tensile strength 1.535 MPa) and high elasticity (maximum elongation of 2784%), and enable recyclable photodegradation of pollutants. This work suggests that functional nanoparticles can be immobilized in hydrogels for their collective application after combining their mechanical and physiochemical properties.
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27
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28
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Protection of Petroleum Pipeline Carbon Steel Alloys with New Modified Core-Shell Magnetite Nanogel against Corrosion in Acidic Medium. J CHEM-NY 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/125731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
New method was used to prepare magnetite nanoparticle based on reduction of Fe(III) ions with potassium iodide to produce Fe3O4nanoparticle. The prepared magnetite was stabilized with cross-linked polymer based on 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS to prepare novel core-shell nanogel. In this respect, Fe3O4/poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid) (PAMPS) magnetic nanogels with controllable particle size produced via free aqueous polymerization at 65°C have been developed for the first time. The polymer was crosslinked in the presence of N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as a crosslinker and potassium peroxydisulfate (KPS) as redox initiator system. The structure and morphology of the magnetic nanogel were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM and SEM). The effectiveness of the synthesized compounds as corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in 1 M HCl was investigated by various electrochemical techniques such as potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results showed enhancement in inhibition efficiencies with increasing the inhibitor concentrations. The results showed that the nanogel particles act as mixed inhibitors. EIS data revealed thatRctincreases with increasing inhibitor concentration.
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29
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Kiskan B, Zhang J, Wang X, Antonietti M, Yagci Y. Mesoporous Graphitic Carbon Nitride as a Heterogeneous Visible Light Photoinitiator for Radical Polymerization. ACS Macro Lett 2012; 1:546-549. [PMID: 35607058 DOI: 10.1021/mz300116w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The use mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (mpg-C3N4) in conjunction with tertiary amines as initiators in visible-light-induced free radical polymerization is described. The initiation mechanism involves photoinduced free radical generation by scavenging holes with amines and subsequent hydrogen abstraction. The efficiency of the photoinitiation is controlled by the nature of the amines and specific surface area of the carbon nitride powder. Apparently, amines with higher basicity and available hydrogens provide more favorable conditions for the photoinitiation process. Due to its heterogeneous nature, the photoinitiator preserves its photoinitiation activity after the polymerization and can easily be separated and used for further polymerizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baris Kiskan
- Department of Colloid
Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, D-14424, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, 34469,
Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jinshui Zhang
- Department of Colloid
Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, D-14424, Potsdam, Germany
- Research Institute
of Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base
of Photocatalysis, Fuzhou University, 350002,
Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinchen Wang
- Department of Colloid
Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, D-14424, Potsdam, Germany
- Research Institute
of Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base
of Photocatalysis, Fuzhou University, 350002,
Fuzhou, China
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Department of Colloid
Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, D-14424, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Department of Colloid
Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, D-14424, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, 34469,
Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
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30
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Sun HW, Zhang LY, Zhu XJ, Wang XF. Magnetic Poly(PEGMA–MAA) Nanoparticles: Photochemical Preparation and Potential Application in Drug Delivery. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 20:1675-86. [DOI: 10.1163/156856208x386264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Wen Sun
- a Dezhou Institute of Advanced Materials, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, P. R. China
| | - Lian-Ying Zhang
- b Dezhou Institute of Advanced Materials, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Jun Zhu
- c Dezhou Institute of Advanced Materials, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Fang Wang
- d Dezhou Institute of Advanced Materials, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, P. R. China
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31
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Barichard A, Galstian T, Israëli Y. Physico-chemical role of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots in the photo-polymerization process of acrylate composite materials. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:8208-16. [PMID: 22569907 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp40746a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Barichard
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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32
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Zhang G, Song IY, Ahn KH, Park T, Choi W. Free Radical Polymerization Initiated and Controlled by Visible Light Photocatalysis at Ambient Temperature. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma201546c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guan Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, and §Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - In Young Song
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, and §Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyo Han Ahn
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, and §Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Taiho Park
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, and §Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonyong Choi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, and §Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
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33
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Photocatalysed (Meth)acrylate Polymerization by (Antimony-Doped) Tin Oxide Nanoparticles and Photoconduction of Their Crosslinked Polymer Nanoparticle Composites. JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1155/2010/579708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the absence of another (photo)radical initiator Sb:SnO2nanoparticles (0≤Sb≤13at %) photocatalyze during irradiation with UV light the radical polymerization of (meth)acrylate monomers. When cured hard and transparent (>98%) films with a low haze (<1%) are required, when these particles are grafted in advance with 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) and doped with Sb. Public knowledge about the photocatalytic properties of Sb:SnO2nanoparticles is hardly available. Therefore, the influence of particle concentration, surface groups, and Sb doping on the rate of C=C (meth)acrylate bond polymerization was determined with aid of real-time FT-IR spectroscopy. By using a wavelength of irradiation with a narrow bandgab (315±5 nm) the influence of these factors on the quantum yield (Φ) and on polymer and particle network structure formation was determined. It is shown that Sb doping and MPS grafting of the particles lowers Φ. MPS grafting of the particles also influences the structure of the polymer network formed. Without Sb doping of these particles unwanted, photocatalytic side reactions occur. It is also shown that cured MPS-Sb:SnO2/(meth)acrylate nanocomposites have photoconduction properties even when the particle concentration is as low as 1 vol.%. The results suggest that the Sb:SnO2(Sb>0at %) nanoparticles can be attractive fillers for other photocatalytic applications photorefractive materials, optoelectronic devices and sensors.
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34
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Damm C, Sakthivel S, Kisch H. UV and Visible Light Acrylate Photopolymerisation Initiated by Nitrogen- or Carbon-Doped Titanium Dioxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.2006.220.4.477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Nitrogen and carbon doped titania powders initiate acrylate polymerisation upon UV excitation. Time resolved photovoltage measurements afford surface charge carrier lifetimes of 7–8 ms for undoped and N-doped titania, whereas 12 ms are observed for the C-doped semiconductor. These values correlate with the observation that the polymerisation rate constants are similar for titania or N-doped titania but about two times larger for the C-doped material. Wavelength dependent polymerisation experiments indicate that visible light polymerisation is possible only with carbon-doped titania. This suggests that hole relaxation to dopant-centered surface states is much more efficient in nitrogen-doped titania. These experimental findings are in accord with the assumption that polymerisation is initiated by hole oxidation of the acrylate.
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35
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Zhang L, Zhu X, Zheng S, Sun H. Photochemical preparation of magnetic chitosan beads for immobilization of pullulanase. Biochem Eng J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2009.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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36
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Physical and chemical problems of the creation of photostable converters of light energy on the basis of dyed polymers. THEOR EXP CHEM+ 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11237-009-9078-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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37
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Gong Y, Fan M, Gao F, Hong J, Liu S, Luo S, Yu J, Huang J. Preparation and characterization of amino-functionalized magnetic nanogels via photopolymerization for MRI applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2009; 71:243-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2008] [Revised: 02/11/2009] [Accepted: 02/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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38
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Hong J, Huang J, Liu S, Yu J, Luo S. Stability and activity of chymotrypsin immobilized on magnetic nanogels covered with carboxyl groups. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.29325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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39
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Poly(PEGMA) magnetic nanogels: preparation via photochemical method, characterization and application as drug carrier. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-008-0136-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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40
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Novel photopolymerizations initiated by alkyl radicals generated from photocatalyzed decarboxylation of carboxylic acids over oxide semiconductor nanoparticles: Extended photo-Kolbe reactions. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2008.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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Sherstyuk VP, Shvalagin VV, Gumenyuk OV, Storozhuk LP, Gorbik PP. Nanosystems in traditional and advanced printing technologies. HIGH ENERGY CHEMISTRY 2008. [DOI: 10.1134/s0018143908070187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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42
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Weng Z, Ni X. Oxidative polymerization of pyrrole photocatalyzed by TiO2nanoparticles and interactions in the composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.28636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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43
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Strandwitz NC, Khan A, Boettcher SW, Mikhailovsky AA, Hawker CJ, Nguyen TQ, Stucky GD. One- and Two-Photon Induced Polymerization of Methylmethacrylate Using Colloidal CdS Semiconductor Quantum Dots. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:8280-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ja711295k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas C. Strandwitz
- Materials Department, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Anzar Khan
- Materials Department, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Shannon W. Boettcher
- Materials Department, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Alexander A. Mikhailovsky
- Materials Department, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Craig J. Hawker
- Materials Department, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Thuc-Quyen Nguyen
- Materials Department, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Galen D. Stucky
- Materials Department, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106
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44
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Granchak VM, Dilung II, Sherstiuk VP. Electron phototransfer in the initiating systems for the information registration. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2007.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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45
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Yang D, Ni X, Chen W, Weng Z. The observation of photo-Kolbe reaction as a novel pathway to initiate photocatalytic polymerization over oxide semiconductor nanoparticles. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2007.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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46
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Stroyuk AL, Sobran IV, Korzhak AV, Raevskaya AE, Kuchmiy SY. Photopolymerization of water-soluble acrylic monomers induced by colloidal CdS and Cd x Zn1 − x S nanoparticles. Colloid Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-007-1824-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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47
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Stroyuk AL, Sobran IV, Kuchmiy SY. Photoinitiation of acrylamide polymerization by Fe2O3 nanoparticles. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2007.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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48
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Nakashima T, Sakashita M, Nonoguchi Y, Kawai T. Sensitized Photopolymerization of an Ionic Liquid-Based Monomer by Using CdTe Nanocrystals. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0707988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Nakashima
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Makiko Sakashita
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Nonoguchi
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawai
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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49
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Hong J, Xu D, Gong P, Ma H, Dong L, Yao S. Conjugation of enzyme on superparamagnetic nanogels covered with carboxyl groups. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 850:499-506. [PMID: 17241826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2006] [Revised: 12/19/2006] [Accepted: 12/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-chymotrypsin (CT) as model enzyme was conjugated onto the novel carboxyl-functionalized superparamagnetic nanogels, prepared via facile photochemical in situ polymerization, by using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminepropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) as coupling reagent. The obtained magnetic immobilized enzyme was characterized by use of photo correlation spectroscopy (PCS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement, thermogravimetric (TG) analysis and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) measurement. PCS result showed that the immobilized enzyme was 68 nm in diameter while the magnetic nanogels with carboxyl groups were only 38 nm; enzyme immobilization led to pronounced change in size. Superparamagnetic properties were retained for Fe3O4 after enzyme immobilization while slightly reducing its value of saturation magnetization. Immobilization and surface coating did not induce phase change of Fe3O4 by XRD analysis. The binding capacity was 30 mg enzyme/g and 37.5 mg enzyme/g nanogel determined by TG analysis and BCA protein assay, respectively. Specific activity of the immobilized CT was calculated to be 0.77 U/(mg min), 82.7% as that of the free form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hong
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, PR China
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50
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Hong J, Xu D, Yu J, Gong P, Ma H, Yao S. Facile synthesis of polymer-enveloped ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide for magnetic resonance imaging. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2007; 18:135608. [PMID: 21730385 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/18/13/135608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) with synthetic polymer, based on magnetite core, was synthesized via facile photochemical in situ polymerization. A possible mechanism of photochemical in situ polymerization was proposed. The obtained polymer-enveloped UPSIO was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), photo-correlation spectroscopy (PCS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric (TG) analysis and vibrating sampling magnetometer (VSM) measurement. Properties such as ultrasmall particle size, hydrophilicity, strong magnetization and surface characteristics, which are desirable for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents, were evaluated in detail. The resultant USPIO-based MRI contrast agent holds considerable promise in molecular MR tracking, MR immune imaging, cell tracking and targeted intracellular hyperthermia, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hong
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
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