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Chiarelli-Neto O, Pavani C, Ferreira AS, Uchoa AF, Severino D, Baptista MS. Generation and suppression of singlet oxygen in hair by photosensitization of melanin. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:1195-202. [PMID: 21723388 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Revised: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the spectroscopic properties of hair (white, blond, red, brown, and black) under illumination with visible light, giving special emphasis to the photoinduced generation of singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)). Irradiation of hair shafts (λ(ex)>400 nm) changed their properties by degrading the melanin. Formation of C3 hydroperoxides in the melanin indol groups was proven by (1)H NMR. After 532-nm excitation, all hair shafts presented the characteristic (1)O(2) emission (λ(em)=1270 nm), whose intensity varied inversely with the melanin content. (1)O(2) lifetime was also shown to vary with hair type, being five times shorter in black hair than in blond hair, indicating the role of melanin as a (1)O(2) suppressor. Lifetime ranged from tenths of a nanosecond to a few microseconds, which is much shorter than the lifetime expected for (1)O(2) in the solvents in which the hair shafts were suspended, indicating that (1)O(2) is generated and suppressed inside the hair structure. Both eumelanin and pheomelanin were shown to produce and to suppress (1)O(2), with similar efficiencies. The higher amount of (1)O(2) generated in blond hair and its longer lifetime is compatible with the stronger damage that light exposure causes in blond hair. We propose a model to explain the formation and suppression of (1)O(2) in hair by photosensitization of melanin with visible light and the deleterious effects that an excess of visible light may cause in hair and skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlando Chiarelli-Neto
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05509–900, Brazil
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Brezová V, Dvoranová D, Kost'álová D. Oxygen activation by photoexcited protoberberinium alkaloids fromMahonia aquifolium. Phytother Res 2004; 18:640-6. [PMID: 15476305 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Protoberberinium salts, i.e. berberine (I), palmatine (II) and jatrorrhizine (III) prepared from Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt. belong to isoquinoline alkaloids possessing interesting biological activity (e.g. antibacterial, antimalarial, antitumor). The characteristic UV/Vis absorption band maxima of I-III iodide salts were found in regions 350 and 425 nm in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and ethanol solvents, and were only negligibly influenced by substitution changes on the C-2 and C-3 positions. The fluorescence intensity of protoberberinium salts monitored in ethanol solutions was significantly lowered by iodide counter-ions, and decreased in the order berberine > palmatine > jatrorrhizine. EPR spectroscopy supplied evidence of the formation of super-oxide anion radicals and singlet oxygen upon irradiation of berberine in oxygenated DMSO solvent. The photochemical generation of O(2) (.-) and (1)O(2) in DMSO solutions of palmatine and jatrorrhizine was substantially lower, and probably reflected the replacement of a photolabile methylenedioxy group at C-2 and C-3 positions in the berberine molecule by two methoxy groups in palmatine, and methoxyl (C-2) and hydroxyl (C-3) substitution in jatrorrhizine. Additionally, the powder EPR spectra of protoberberinium iodides I-III measured at 290 K revealed the presence of single-line EPR signals (g(eff) = 2.0044), which were attributed to hydroperoxidic structures produced by the autoxidation process. The photochemical reactions of protoberbenium salts producing reactive oxygen species after UVA excitation should be integrated in biological activity investigations, as well as in their applications in skin disorder treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlasta Brezová
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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Brezova V, Valko M, Breza M, Morris H, Telser J, Dvoranova D, Kaiserova K, Varecka L, Mazur M, Leibfritz D. Role of Radicals and Singlet Oxygen in Photoactivated DNA Cleavage by the Anticancer Drug Camptothecin: An Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Study. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp027743m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Brezova
- School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak Technical University, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia, Department of Organic Chemistry 2/NW2, Bremen University, D-283 59 Bremen, Germany, and Chemistry Program, Roosevelt University, 430 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60605
| | - M. Valko
- School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak Technical University, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia, Department of Organic Chemistry 2/NW2, Bremen University, D-283 59 Bremen, Germany, and Chemistry Program, Roosevelt University, 430 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60605
| | - M. Breza
- School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak Technical University, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia, Department of Organic Chemistry 2/NW2, Bremen University, D-283 59 Bremen, Germany, and Chemistry Program, Roosevelt University, 430 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60605
| | - H. Morris
- School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak Technical University, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia, Department of Organic Chemistry 2/NW2, Bremen University, D-283 59 Bremen, Germany, and Chemistry Program, Roosevelt University, 430 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60605
| | - J. Telser
- School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak Technical University, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia, Department of Organic Chemistry 2/NW2, Bremen University, D-283 59 Bremen, Germany, and Chemistry Program, Roosevelt University, 430 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60605
| | - D. Dvoranova
- School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak Technical University, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia, Department of Organic Chemistry 2/NW2, Bremen University, D-283 59 Bremen, Germany, and Chemistry Program, Roosevelt University, 430 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60605
| | - K. Kaiserova
- School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak Technical University, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia, Department of Organic Chemistry 2/NW2, Bremen University, D-283 59 Bremen, Germany, and Chemistry Program, Roosevelt University, 430 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60605
| | - L. Varecka
- School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak Technical University, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia, Department of Organic Chemistry 2/NW2, Bremen University, D-283 59 Bremen, Germany, and Chemistry Program, Roosevelt University, 430 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60605
| | - M. Mazur
- School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak Technical University, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia, Department of Organic Chemistry 2/NW2, Bremen University, D-283 59 Bremen, Germany, and Chemistry Program, Roosevelt University, 430 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60605
| | - D. Leibfritz
- School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak Technical University, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia, Department of Organic Chemistry 2/NW2, Bremen University, D-283 59 Bremen, Germany, and Chemistry Program, Roosevelt University, 430 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60605
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