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Pang W, Jiang P, Ding S, Bao Z, Wang N, Wang H, Qu J, Wang D, Gu B, Wei X. Nucleolus-Targeted Photodynamic Anticancer Therapy Using Renal-Clearable Carbon Dots. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000607. [PMID: 32548916 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), which utilizes light excited photosensitizers (PSs) to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and consequently ablate cancer cells or diseased tissue, has attracted a great deal of attention in the last decades due to its unique advantages. In order to further enhance PDT effect, PSs are functionalized to target specific sub-cellular organelles, but most PSs cannot target nucleolus, which is demonstrated as a more efficient and ideal site for cancer treatment. Here, an effective carbon dots (C-dots) photosensitizer with intrinsic nucleolus-targeting capability, for the first time, is synthesized, characterized, and employed for in vitro and in vivo image-guided photodynamic anticancer therapy with enhanced treatment performance at a low dose of PS and light irradiation. The C-dots possess high ROS generation efficiency and fluorescence quantum yield, excellent in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility, and rapid renal clearance, endowing it with a great potential for future translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Pang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Jiao Tong University 1954 Huashan Road Shanghai 200030 China
| | - Pengfei Jiang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Jiao Tong University 1954 Huashan Road Shanghai 200030 China
| | - Shihui Ding
- School of Biomedical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Jiao Tong University 1954 Huashan Road Shanghai 200030 China
| | - Zhouzhou Bao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200127 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200127 China
| | - Ningtao Wang
- Department of 2nd Dental CenterShanghai Ninth People's HospitalCollege of StomatologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversitySchool of Medicine Shanghai 200011 China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Department of OncologyShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200080 China
| | - Junle Qu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong ProvinceCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic‐Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Bobo Gu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Jiao Tong University 1954 Huashan Road Shanghai 200030 China
| | - Xunbin Wei
- School of Biomedical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Jiao Tong University 1954 Huashan Road Shanghai 200030 China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical EngineeringBeihang University Beijing 100083 China
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Ewelt C, Nemes A, Senner V, Wölfer J, Brokinkel B, Stummer W, Holling M. Fluorescence in neurosurgery: Its diagnostic and therapeutic use. Review of the literature. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 148:302-309. [PMID: 26000742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent agents, e.g. 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), fluorescein and indocyanine green (ICG) are in common use in neurosurgery for tumor resection and neurovascular surgery. Protoporphyrine IX (PPIX) as major metabolite of 5-ALA is a strong fluorescent substance accumulated within malignant glioma tissue and a very sensitive and specific tool for visualizing high grade glioma tissue during surgery. Furthermore, 5-ALA or rather PPIX also offers an intratumoral therapeutic option stimulated by laser light in specific wavelength. Fluorescein was demonstrated to show similar fluorescent reactions in neurosurgery, but is controversial in its use, especially in high grade tumor surgery. Intraoperative angiography during resection of arterio-venous malformations, extracranial-intracranial-bypass or aneurysm surgery is supported by ICG fluorescence. Generally ICG will provide beneficial information for both, exposure of the pathology and illustration of healthy structures. This manuscript shows an overview of the literature focussing fluorescence in neurosurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ewelt
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Münster, Germany.
| | - Andrei Nemes
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Volker Senner
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes Wölfer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Walter Stummer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Markus Holling
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Münster, Germany
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Zapotocky M, Mejstrikova E, Smetana K, Stary J, Trka J, Starkova J. Valproic acid triggers differentiation and apoptosis in AML1/ETO-positive leukemic cells specifically. Cancer Lett 2012; 319:144-153. [PMID: 22261333 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2011] [Revised: 12/04/2011] [Accepted: 12/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Valproic acid (VPA) has extensive effects on leukemic blasts through its inhibition of histone deacetylases. The main goal of this study was to identify the subgroup of patients who may benefit most from VPA treatment. We examined the significance of t(8;21) chromosomal aberration for VPA treatment response among acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients by direct comparison of AML1/ETO-negative vs. positive leukemic cell-lines as well as bone marrow blasts from AML patients. In t(8;21) AML, leukemogenesis is supposed to be induced via aberrant recruitment of histone deacetylases. AML cell lines of different genotypes (Kasumi-1, Kasumi-6, MV4;11, K562) and diagnostic bone marrow samples from patients were treated with VPA. VPA induced apoptosis in AML1/ETO-positive and MLL-AF4-positive cells in a dose-dependent manner. Differentiation, as indicated by changes in immunophenotype, was observed only in AML1/ETO-positive cells. VPA increased the expression of AML1 target genes - PU.1, C/EBPa, BPI and IGFBP7 only in AML1/ETO-positive cells. This AML1/ETO-specific effect was confirmed also using patient blasts isolated at the time of diagnosis. AML1/ETO-positive leukemia shows specific mechanism of VPA residing from differentiation followed by apoptosis that is accompanied by an increase in the expression of repressed AML1 target genes. Our data suggest that AML1/ETO-positive patients might derive the greatest benefit from VPA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Zapotocky
- CLIP, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Charles University, 2nd Medical School, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ester Mejstrikova
- CLIP, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Charles University, 2nd Medical School, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Smetana
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Charles University, 1st Medical School, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Stary
- CLIP, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Charles University, 2nd Medical School, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Trka
- CLIP, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Charles University, 2nd Medical School, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Julia Starkova
- CLIP, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Charles University, 2nd Medical School, Prague, Czech Republic
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Smetana K, Zápotocký M, Starková J, Trka J. Effect of histone deacetylase inhibitors on the cell nucleus and nucleolus of leukemic myeloblasts in vitro - a cytochemical study. Acta Histochem 2007; 109:413-9. [PMID: 17559910 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2007.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2006] [Revised: 04/13/2007] [Accepted: 04/16/2007] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to provide complementary information on the effects of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi's) such as trichostatin A (TSA) and sodium valproate (VAP) on nuclei and nucleoli of leukemic myeloblasts represented by cultured Kasumi-1 cells. The number of apoptotic cells and bodies with characteristic chromatin condensation and fragmentation was greater after TSA treatment. However, in contrast to TSA, myeloblasts treated with VPA recovered and started to proliferate again. TSA-treated myeloblasts with a fine chromatin structure exhibited an intense phagocytosis of cell fragments. The decreased number and translocation of silver-stained proteins of nucleolus organiser regions (AgNORs) in large nucleoli of myeloblasts treated with HDACi's indicated that these cells entered apoptosis and/or ageing without preceding terminal maturation. The nucleolar asynchrony observed in an increased number of treated cells with both HDACi's studied here possibly represented myeloblasts resistant to such treatment. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the chromatin structure and nucleoli visualised by simple cytochemical procedures provides useful information on the effects of HDACi's on myeloblasts and facilitated detection of these effects at the single cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Smetana
- Institute of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Utsuki S, Oka H, Sato S, Suzuki S, Shimizu S, Tanaka S, Fujii K. Possibility of using laser spectroscopy for the intraoperative detection of nonfluorescing brain tumors and the boundaries of brain tumor infiltrates. Technical note. J Neurosurg 2006; 104:618-20. [PMID: 16619668 DOI: 10.3171/jns.2006.104.4.618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The response of nonfluorescing infiltrating tumors that had been exposed to 5-aminolevulinic acid and irradiated using a laser at a wavelength of 405 nm was analyzed intraoperatively using spectroscopy. Histological analyses demonstrated that neoplastic cells were present in the tissue region that displayed a peak at 636 nm, whereas no neoplastic cells were present in the region that exhibited only the excitation light peak. The authors conclude that the intraoperative use of laser spectroscopy can allow the diagnosis of infiltrating tumor and the detection of boundaries of the infiltrate when standard fluorescence techniques fail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Utsuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
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Romanko YS, Tsyb AF, Kaplan MA, Popuchiev VV. Relationship between antitumor efficiency of photodynamic therapy with photoditasine and photoenergy density. Bull Exp Biol Med 2006; 139:460-4. [PMID: 16027881 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-005-0322-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effect of photodynamic therapy with photoditasine at different protocols of photoenergy exposure on morphofunctional parameters of M-1 sarcoma. It was found that proliferative activity of tumor cells (evaluated by immunostaining for PCNA) nonlinearly decreases after exposure to 150, 300, and 600 J/cm2. The main form of cell death during the early period after photodynamic therapy was direct photocoagulation necrosis caused by destruction of sensitized cell structures and ischemic necrosis developing as a result of alteration of vascular network in the tumors. Photoenergy density was not essential for the intensity of induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu S Romanko
- Medical Radiology Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Obninsk, Russia.
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Smetana K, Klamová H, Pluskalová M, Stöckbauer P, Hrkal Z. To the intranucleolar translocation of AgNORs in leukemic early granulocytic and plasmacytic precursors. Histochem Cell Biol 2005; 125:165-70. [PMID: 16142449 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-005-0059-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Early leukemic granulocytic and plasmacytic precursors were studied in vitro and in vivo to provide an information on the intranucleolar distribution of AgNORs (silver stained nucleolus organizer regions). In most of these cells AgNORs appeared as clusters of silver stained particles distributed in the whole nucleolar body. On the other hand, in some leukemic early granulocytic precursors, i.e., in myeloblasts and promyelocytes enlarged AgNORs were translocated in the nucleolar peripheral part. In addition, the number of translocated AgNORs at the nucleolar periphery was significantly smaller. Such translocation of a reduced number of AgNORs was easily produced by experimental aging, i.e., starving of cultured leukemic early granulocytic precursors (HL-60 and K562 cells) in vitro and seems to be reversible. Similar translocation of a reduced number of AgNORs was also produced by aging of leukemic plasmacytic precursors. Thus, the translocation of the reduced number of AgNORs to the nucleolar periphery in some blastic leukemic hematopoietic cells might be an useful marker of their aging at the single cell level. However, more studies in this direction are required in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Smetana
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U nemocnice 1, Prague 2, 128 20, Czech Republic.
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Smetana K, Pluskalová M, Jirásková I, Hrkal Z. A morphological and cytochemical note to the reversible intranucleolar translocation of AgNORs (silver stained nucleolus organizer regions) in early leukemic granulocytic progenitors represented by cultured K 562 cells. J Appl Biomed 2005. [DOI: 10.32725/jab.2005.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Romanko YS, Tsyb AF, Kaplan MA, Popuchiev VV. Effect of photodynamic therapy with photodithazine on morphofunctional parameters of M-1 sarcoma. Bull Exp Biol Med 2004; 138:584-9. [PMID: 16134820 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-005-0133-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Efficiency and mechanisms of action of photodynamic therapy of M-1 sarcoma were studied experimentally on rats using photodithazine, a novel chlorine photosensitizer. The tissue and cellular targets for this agent are vascular wall, plasma membrane of tumor cells, and intracellular structures responsible for proliferation and biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu S Romanko
- State Medical Radiological Research Centre, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Obninsk.
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Kuzelová K, Grebenová D, Pluskalová M, Marinov I, Hrkal Z. Early apoptotic features of K562 cell death induced by 5-aminolaevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2004; 73:67-78. [PMID: 14732253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2003.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
5-Aminolaevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) is used to eliminate cancerous cells through photoactivation of endogenously formed protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) following the administration of PPIX precursor, 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA). We report on the kinetics of PPIX accumulation and the mechanism of cytotoxic effects of ALA-PDT studied in the chronic myelogenous leukaemia derived cell line K562. The PPIX distribution and, consequently, cytotoxic effects were found to be heterogenous. A subpopulation of K562 cells accumulating PPIX to a lesser extent exhibits only transient cell cycle arrest. A fraction of cells, probably those with higher PPIX accumulation, are irreversibly damaged by ALA-PDT. We detected several signs of an early apoptosis: lowering of Bcl-xL expression, decrease of the mitochondrial and plasma membrane potential, the cytochrome c release into the cytoplasm, and the unmasking of the mitochondrial antigen 7A6. However, late apoptotic events were lacking: neither caspase-3 activation nor DNA fragmentation occurred. Instead, rapidly progressing cell necrosis resulting from plasma membrane damage was observed. We suggest that the high level of the antiapoptotic heat-shock proteins HSP70 and HSP27 found by us in the K562 cells is responsible for the inhibition of the apoptotic process upstream of caspases activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kuzelová
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 1, 128 20 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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Smetana K, Chan PK, Marinov Y, Soucek J, Hrkal Z, Busch H. A short note on the nucleolar size and density in apoptotic leukemic granulocytic precursors (HL-60 cells). Life Sci 2004; 75:791-6. [PMID: 15183072 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2003.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2003] [Accepted: 12/20/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to provide more information on the nucleolar size and density in mononuclear blastic granulocytic precursors represented by HL-60 cells the proliferation of which was blocked by photodynamic treatment (PDT) which induced apoptotic process without preceding terminal maturation. Both the nucleolar size and density did not change in apoptotic cells in comparison with controls. Thus, large and dense nucleoli in apoptotic cells are not necessarily related to the nucleolar biosynthetic or cell proliferation activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Smetana
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Smetana K. Are nucleoli participating in programmed cell death? (MINI-REVIEW AND RECENT OBSERVATIONS). J Appl Biomed 2003. [DOI: 10.32725/jab.2003.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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13
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Grebenová D, Kuzelová K, Smetana K, Pluskalová M, Cajthamlová H, Marinov I, Fuchs O, Soucek J, Jarolím P, Hrkal Z. Mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptotic pathways are activated by 5-aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy in HL60 leukemia cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2003; 69:71-85. [PMID: 12633980 DOI: 10.1016/s1011-1344(02)00410-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We studied the mechanism of the cytotoxic effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT; induction with 1 mM ALA for 4 h followed by a blue light dose of 18 J/cm(2)) on the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL60 using biochemical and electron microscopy methods. The disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, deltapsi(m), was paralleled by a decrease in ATP level, unmasking of the mitochondrial antigen 7A6, release of cytochrome c into the cytoplasm, activation of caspases 9 and 3 and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). This was followed by DNA fragmentation. These data suggest that ALA-PDT activates the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. The level of endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-binding chaperones ERp57 and ERp72 and of anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-x(L) was decreased whereas that of Ca(2+)-binding protein calmodulin and the stress protein HSP60 was elevated following ALA-PDT. Inhibition of the initiator caspase 9, execution caspase 3 and Ca(2+)-dependent protease m-calpain, did not prevent DNA fragmentation. We conclude that, in our in vitro model, ALA-based photodynamic treatment initiates several signaling processes in HL60 cells that lead to rapidly progressing apoptosis, which is followed by slow necrosis. Two apoptotic processes proceed in parallel, one representing the mitochondrial pathway, the other involving disruption of calcium homeostasis and activation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Grebenová
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 1, 12820 2 Prague, Czech Republic
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Smetana K, Cajthamlová H, Grebenová D, Jirásková I, Hrkal Z. Nucleolar asynchrony observed in HL-60 leukemic granulocytic precursors resistant to 5-aminolaevulinic acid-based photodynamic treatment. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2002; 67:201-3. [PMID: 12167320 DOI: 10.1016/s1011-1344(02)00307-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
To provide more information on the 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA)-induced photodynamic effect on nucleoli, morphologically expressed nucleolar asynchrony (the presence of 'active' large nucleoli with an uniform distribution of RNA and 'resting' ring-shaped nucleoli in one and the same nucleus) was studied in cultured HL-60 leukemic granulocytic precursors using a simple cytochemical procedure for the demonstration of RNA. Nucleolar asynchrony was mainly expressed in cells which were apparently resistant to ALA-based photodynamic treatment (PDT) since most of them (about 75%) exhibited this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Smetana
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, 128 20 U nemocnice, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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