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Zhu R, Chen X, Shu N, Shang Y, Wang Y, Yang P, Tang Y, Wang F, Xu J. Computational Study of Photochemical Relaxation Pathways of Platinum(II) Complexes. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:10144-10154. [PMID: 34792355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c07017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of functional platinum(II) complexes (Pt1-Pt3), which present high activity in four-photon absorption, in vivo imaging, and precise cancer therapy, as previously reported by the experimental work of Zhang et al. (Inorg. Chem. 2021, 60, 2362-2371), are computationally investigated in the article. We find that after the complex goes through four-photon absorption to the S1 state, it undergoes intersystem crossing to the T2 state and eventually reaches the T1 state through internal conversion. On the T1 state, both radiative and nonradiative decay to S0 exit. The radiative decay forms the basis for the phosphorescence imaging in tissues as reported in the original paper. In addition, the nonradiative decay can simultaneously generate cytotoxic singlet oxygen by the excited energy transfer process, also known as triplet oxygen's quenching of triplet states. We conclude that the phosphorescence property as well as the photosensitizer character jointly bring high activity of in vivo imaging and photodynamic therapy to these complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongji Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023 Jiangsu, China
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 Jiangsu, China
| | - Na Shu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Numerical Simulation of Large Scale Complex System (NSLSCS) and School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023 Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunlong Shang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Numerical Simulation of Large Scale Complex System (NSLSCS) and School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023 Jiangsu, China
| | - Yichen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advances Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, 213164 Changzhou, China
| | - Pu Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Numerical Simulation of Large Scale Complex System (NSLSCS) and School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023 Jiangsu, China
| | - Yihan Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advances Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, 213164 Changzhou, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Le Moyne College, Syracuse, New York 13214, United States
| | - Jiawei Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Numerical Simulation of Large Scale Complex System (NSLSCS) and School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023 Jiangsu, China
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Li Y, Xu Y, Liao Q, Xie M, Tao H, Wang HL. Synergistic effect of hypocrellin B and curcumin on photodynamic inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 14:692-707. [PMID: 33465291 PMCID: PMC7936292 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) serves as a new approach to control the growth of foodborne bacteria. It remains elusive if the photodynamic efficacy of hypocrellin B (HB) can be potentiated by joint action with curcumin. In this study, we measured the survival rate of Staphylococcus aureus strains under the varying photodynamic conditions. According to our data, a maximum of 5–6 log10 decrease of bacterial survival can be achieved under the tested conditions (500 nM, 9 J cm‒2). Regarding the bactericidal mechanisms, HB‐based aPDI disrupted the membrane integrity of staphylococcal cells, probably owing to the stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, aPDI disrupted the enzymatic activities of bacterial antioxidant proteins and caused the leakage of multiple intracellular substances. The HB‐mediated photodynamic efficacy was potentiated by the addition of curcumin with a sublethal dose. This dual‐photon synergy arose from unique aPDI conditions (100 nM each and 9 J cm‒2). The synergistic action might be accounted for by the increased type I/type II ratio of ROS, as evidenced by the effect of different quenchers. Finally, the joint use of photosensitizers reduced the microbial contamination of the tested apple while maintaining its quality. In summary, photodynamic inactivation based on dual photons showed synergistic activity in controlling the growth of Staphylococcal aureus, which provided a novel approach to maintain food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Li
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Yi Xu
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Qiaoming Liao
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Mengmeng Xie
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Han Tao
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Hui-Li Wang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, China
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Rousset E, Mongin O, Moreau J, Lawson-Daku LM, Beley M, Gros PC, Chevreux S, Blanchard-Desce M, Lemercier G. Molecular engineering for optical properties of 5-substituted-1,10-phenanthroline-based Ru(II) complexes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:10119-10132. [PMID: 34105562 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00886b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of homo- and heteroleptic Ru(ii) complexes [Ru(phen)3-n(phen-X)n](PF6)2 (n = 0-3, X = CN, epoxy, H, NH2) were prepared and characterized. The influence of electron-withdrawing or electron-releasing substituents of the 1,10-phenanthroline ligands on the photo-physical properties was evaluated. It reveals fundamental interests in the fine tuning of redox potentials and photo-physical characteristics, depending both on the nature of the substitution of the ligand, and on the symmetry of the related homo- or heteroleptic complex. These complexes exhibit linear absorption and two-photon absorption (2PA) cross-sections over a broad range of wavelength (700-900 nm) due to absorption in the intra-ligand charge transfer (ILCT) and the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) bands. These 2PA properties were more particularly investigated in the 700-1000 spectral range for a family of complexes bearing electro-donating ligands (phen-NH2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Rousset
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR UMR CNRS n° 7312 BP 1039-51687, Reims cedex 2, France.
| | - Olivier Mongin
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Juliette Moreau
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR UMR CNRS n° 7312 BP 1039-51687, Reims cedex 2, France.
| | - Latévi Max Lawson-Daku
- Dépt. de Chimie Physique, Université de Genève, 30, quai E. Ansermet, Geneva 4, CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Marc Beley
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, L2CM, Nancy, F54000, France
| | | | - Sylviane Chevreux
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR UMR CNRS n° 7312 BP 1039-51687, Reims cedex 2, France. and Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Mireille Blanchard-Desce
- Université Bordeaux, ISM, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Gilles Lemercier
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR UMR CNRS n° 7312 BP 1039-51687, Reims cedex 2, France.
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Hu L, Chen Z, Liu Y, Tian B, Guo T, Liu R, Wang C, Ying L. In Vivo Bioimaging and Photodynamic Therapy Based on Two-Photon Fluorescent Conjugated Polymers Containing Dibenzothiophene- S, S-dioxide Derivatives. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:57281-57289. [PMID: 33296171 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As a critical component for photodynamic therapy toward cancer treatment, photosensitizers require high photoinduced reactive oxygen species generation efficiency, good biocompatibility, and high phototoxicity. Herein, a series of donor-acceptor conjugated polymers containing dibenzothiophene-S,S-dioxide derivatives are designed and synthesized, which can be used as effective photosensitizers. The resulting copolymer PTA5 shows strong green light emission with high photoluminescence quantum yields owing to the intercrossed excited state of local existed and charge transfer states. The PTA5 nanoparticles can be fabricated by encapsulation with a biocompatible polymer matrix. Upon excitation at 800 nm, these nanoparticles present a relatively large two-photon absorption cross section of 3.29 × 106 GM. These nanoparticles also exhibit good photostability in water and thus can be utilized for bioimaging. The tissue-penetrating depths of up to 170 μm for hepatic vessels and 380 μm for blood vessels of mouse ear were achieved using PTA5 nanoparticles. Furthermore, PTA5 nanoparticles show impressive reactive oxygen species generation capability under the irradiation of a white light source. This can be attributed to the effective intersystem crossing between high-level excited state. Upon irradiation with white light (400-700 nm) at 50 mW cm-2 for 5 min every other day, the tumor growth can be effectively suppressed in the presence of PTA5 nanoparticles. These findings demonstrate that PTA5 nanoparticles can be used as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Hu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- South China Institute of Collaborative Innovation, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Zikang Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yanshan Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Bishan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Ting Guo
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ruiyuan Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chunxiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Lei Ying
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- South China Institute of Collaborative Innovation, Dongguan 523808, China
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Chinna Ayya Swamy P, Sivaraman G, Priyanka RN, Raja SO, Ponnuvel K, Shanmugpriya J, Gulyani A. Near Infrared (NIR) absorbing dyes as promising photosensitizer for photo dynamic therapy. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Ishii T, Ando S, Isozaki T, Takeuchi R, Kashihara W, Suzuki T. Two-photon absorption property of Cl-substituted diphenylacetylenes by optical-probing photoacoustic spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:134304. [PMID: 31594351 DOI: 10.1063/1.5121505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-photon absorption spectra and two-photon absorption cross sections of Cl-substituted diphenylacetylenes (ClDPAs) were investigated by optical-probing photoacoustic spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations for the first time. The two-photon absorption spectra of ClDPAs exhibited intense two-photon absorption bands at around 480 nm, which are forbidden by one-photon absorption. The two-photon absorption cross sections σ(2) of o-, m-, and p-ClDPAs at 476 nm were determined to be 22 ± 1, 23 ± 1, and 38 ± 2 GM, respectively. Compared with diphenylacetylene (DPA) (27 GM at 472 nm), the σ(2) values of o- and m-ClDPAs were lower, while that of p-ClDPA was higher. Simulated two-photon absorption spectra using the TD-B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level of calculations within the Tamm-Dancoff approximation, based on the three-state model, well agreed with the experimental results. The difference in the σ(2) values of DPA and ClDPAs was responsible for those in the transition dipole moments between the intermediate and the final states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Ishii
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Saki Ando
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Tasuku Isozaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Ryo Takeuchi
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Wataru Kashihara
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Tadashi Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
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Zhao J, Duan L, Wang A, Fei J, Li J. Insight into the efficiency of oxygen introduced photodynamic therapy (PDT) and deep PDT against cancers with various assembled nanocarriers. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 12:e1583. [PMID: 31566931 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been used in the treatment of cancers and other benign diseases for several years in clinic. However, the hypoxia of tumors and the penetration limitation of excitation light to tissues can dramatically reduce the efficacy of PDT to cancers. To overcome these drawbacks, various assembled nanocarriers such as nanoparticles, nanocapsules, nanocrystals, and so on were introduced. The assembled nanocarriers have the ability of loading photosensitizers, delivering O2 into tumors, generating O2 in situ in tumors, as well as turning near-infrared (NIR) light, X-rays, and chemical energy into ultraviolet or visible light. Therefore, it is easy for the nanocarriers to improve the hypoxia microenvironment or increase the treatment depth of cancers, which will improve the efficiency of PDT to some degree. In recent years, a number of investigations were focused on these subjects. We will summarize the advances of nanocarriers in PDT, especially in O2 introduction PDT and deep PDT. The perspectives, challenges, and potential in translation of PDT will also be discussed. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Lipid-Based Structures Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Lab for Colloid, Interface, and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Duan
- Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Anhe Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinbo Fei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Lab for Colloid, Interface, and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junbai Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Lab for Colloid, Interface, and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Lemercier G, Four M, Chevreux S. Two-photon absorption properties of 1,10-phenanthroline-based Ru(II) complexes and related functionalized nanoparticles for potential application in two-photon excitation photodynamic therapy and optical power limiting. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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9
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Bolze F, Jenni S, Sour A, Heitz V. Molecular photosensitisers for two-photon photodynamic therapy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:12857-12877. [PMID: 29115314 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc06133a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Two-photon excitation has attracted the attention of biologists, especially after the development of two-photon excited microscopy in the nineties. Since then, new applications have rapidly emerged such as the release of biologically active molecules and photodynamic therapy (PDT) using two-photon excitation. PDT, which requires a light-activated drug (photosensitiser), is a clinically approved and minimally invasive treatment for cancer and for non-malignant diseases. This feature article focuses on the engineering of molecular two-photon photosensitisers for PDT, which should bring important benefits to the treatment, increase the treatment penetration depth with near-infrared light excitation, improve the spatial selectivity and reduce the photodamage to healthy tissues. After an overview of the two-photon absorption phenomenon and the methods to evaluate two-photon induced phototoxicity on cell cultures, the different classes of photosensitisers described in the literature are discussed. The two-photon PDT performed with historical one-photon sensitisers are briefly presented, followed by specifically engineered cyclic tetrapyrrole photosensitisers, purely organic photosensitisers and transition metal complexes. Finally, targeted two-photon photosensitisers and theranostic agents that should enhance the selectivity and efficiency of the treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bolze
- CAMB, UMR 7199, UdS/CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France.
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Feng Y, Liu L, Hu S, Ren Y, Liu Y, Xiu J, Zhang X. Four-photon-excited fluorescence resonance energy transfer in an aqueous system from ZnSe:Mn/ZnS quantum dots to hypocrellin A. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:19627-19637. [PMID: 27557241 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.019627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we established a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) system between ZnSe:Mn/ZnS quantum dots and Hypocrellin A (HA, a photosensitizer used for photodynamic therapy of cancer) in aqueous solution, excited by four-photon. Here, the QDs are the donors and the HA are the acceptors. The four-photon-excited fluorescence resonance energy transfer spectrum was obtained under 1300nm femtosecond laser pluses. The experimental results indicated that the highest efficiency of FRET can reach up to 61.3%. Furthermore, the viability test in cancer cells was further demonstrated for biological applications of FRET system. When FRET occurs the cell killing rate of the cancer cells will reach to 84.8% with the 1mM concentration of HA. Our work demonstrates that while the four-photon excited FRET system is promising in both optics and biological applications, is also needs further investigation.
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Chu CK, Tu YC, Hsiao JH, Yu JH, Yu CK, Chen SY, Tseng PH, Chen S, Kiang YW, Yang CC. Combination of photothermal and photodynamic inactivation of cancer cells through surface plasmon resonance of a gold nanoring. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:115102. [PMID: 26878331 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/11/115102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate effective inactivation of oral cancer cells SAS through a combination of photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) effects based on localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) around 1064 nm in wavelength of a Au nanoring (NRI) under femtosecond (fs) laser illumination. The PTT effect is caused by the LSPR-enhanced absorption of the Au NRI. The PDT effect is generated by linking the Au NRI with the photosensitizer of sulfonated aluminum phthalocyanines (AlPcS) for producing singlet oxygen through the LSPR-enhanced two-photon absorption (TPA) excitation of AlPcS. The laser threshold intensity for cancer cell inactivation with the applied Au NRI linked with AlPcS is significantly lower when compared to that with the Au NRI not linked with AlPcS. The comparison of inactivation threshold intensity between the cases of fs and continuous laser illuminations at the same wavelength and with the same average power confirms the crucial factor of TPA under fs laser illumination for producing the PDT effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ken Chu
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, No. 1, section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
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Xu ZB, Yu FQ, Wu F, Zhang H, Wang K, Zhang XL. Synthesis, DNA photocleavage, singlet oxygen photogeneration and two photon absorption properties of ruthenium-phenanthroline porphyrins. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2015. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424615500790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Through a new synthetic route, three ruthenium-phenanthroline porphyrins (RPP1, RPP2 and RPP3) were prepared. Their photophysical and photochemical properties, such as DNA photocleavage activity, singlet-oxygen photogeneration and two-photon absorption (2PA) were evaluated. These porphyrins 1–3 had substantial photocleavage activities, with 71%, 74% and 38% observed at 20 μM. The porphyrins with different substituents on phenathroline group had similar singlet oxygen quantum yields, with ΦΔ values at 0.52, 0.47 and 0.41, respectively. The 2PA cross-section (σ(2)) values of RPP 1–3, measured by the Z-scan method, were calculated to be 152, 172 and 135 GM, respectively, which were around 5-fold higher than that of H2TPP . Thus, these porphyrins, with their good photocleavage activities, 1 O 2 quantum yields and high 2PA cross section, suggest great potential as photodynamic therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Bin Xu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Fa-Quan Yu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Fengshou Wu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Hubei Key Lab of Novel Reactor & Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Hubei Key Lab of Novel Reactor & Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiu-Lan Zhang
- Hubei Key Lab of Novel Reactor & Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430072, China
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Haq BS, Khan HU, Alam K, Ajmal M, Attaullah S, Zari I. Determination of two-photon absorption cross sections of photosensitizers and its implications for two-photon polymerization. APPLIED OPTICS 2015; 54:132-140. [PMID: 25967015 DOI: 10.1364/ao.54.000132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report two-photon absorption cross sections and two-photon excited fluorescence of the photosensitizer 4,4'-Bis(diethylamino)benzophenon and thioxanthone using a femtosecond laser delivering pulses of wavelength 800 nm and 150 fs duration at rates of 1 kHz. Values for the two-photon absorption cross section are derived by comparing the fluorescence signals excited by wavelengths of 800 and 400 nm using a second-harmonic generator. Fluorophore fluorescence intensities dependence with quadratic illumination laser power showed no significant deviation from the two-photon absorption process. Implications of these cross-section measurements for two-photon polymerization are discussed.
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Jiang Y, Leung AW, Wang X, Zhang H, Xu C. Effect of photodynamic therapy with hypocrellin B on apoptosis, adhesion, and migration of cancer cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2014; 90:575-9. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2014.906765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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15
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Luo T, Wilson BC, Lu QB. Evaluation of one- and two-photon activated photodynamic therapy with pyropheophorbide-a methyl ester in human cervical, lung and ovarian cancer cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2014; 132:102-10. [PMID: 24607610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Two-photon activated photodynamic therapy (2-γ PDT) has the potential of treating deeper tumors and/or improving tumor targeting. Here, we evaluated the one- and two-photon activated PDT efficacy of pyropheophorbide-a methyl ester (MPPa), a second-generation photosensitizer derived from chlorophyll a. We show that MPPa, when activated by femtosecond (fs) laser pulses at 674 nm, has high one-photon (1-γ) PDT efficacy against cisplatin-sensitive human cervical (HeLa) and cisplatin-resistant human lung (A549) and ovarian (NIH:OVCAR-3) cancer cells. At a low light dose of 0.06 J cm(-2), the IC50 (the MPPa concentration required to kill 50% of the cells) was determined to be 5.3 ± 0.3, 3.4 ± 0.3 and 3.6 ± 0.4 μM for HeLa, A549 and NIH:OVCAR-3 cells, respectively. More significantly, we also show that MPPa can be effectively activated by an 800 nm, 120 fs laser through 2-γ excitation; at a light dose causing no measurable photocytotoxicity in the absence of photosensitizer, the corresponding IC50 values were measured to be 4.1 ± 0.3, 9.6 ± 1.0 and 1.6 ± 0.3 μM, respectively. These results indicate that MPPa is a potent photosensitizer for both 1- and 2-γ activated PDT with potential applications for difficult-to-treat tumors by conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Luo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Brian C Wilson
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, and Ontario Cancer Institute, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Qing-Bin Lu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; Departments of Biology and Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
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Wang BS, Wang J, Chen JY. Conjugates of folic acids with zinc aminophthalocyanine for cancer cell targeting and photodynamic therapy by one-photon and two-photon excitations. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:1594-1602. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb21620a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
To improve the photodynamic detection and therapy of cancers (PDT), folic acid (FA) was conjugated with zinc tetraaminophthalocyanine (ZnaPc) to form ZnaPc–FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- By Song Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics
- Department of Physics
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education)
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics
- Department of Physics
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education)
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ji-Yao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics
- Department of Physics
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education)
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433, China
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17
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Sajan D, Vijayan N, Safakath K, Philip R, Karabacak M. Multi-photon absorption effect and intra-molecular charge transfer of donor-π-acceptor chromophore ethyl p-amino benzoate. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 108:197-210. [PMID: 23474479 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.01.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Fourier transform (FT)-Raman and infrared (IR) spectra of the nonlinear optical (NLO) material ethyl p-amino benzoate (EPAB) have been recorded and analyzed. The geometry and harmonic vibrational wavenumbers are calculated with the help of B3LYP density functional theory method. The detailed interpretation of the vibrational spectra has been carried out with the aid of normal coordinate analysis following the scaled quantum mechanical force field methodology. Stability of the molecule arising from hyperconjugative interactions leading to its NLO activity and charge delocalization have been analyzed using natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. Employing the open-aperture z-scan technique, NLO absorption of the sample has been studied in two excitation regimes, using 100 fs and 5 ns laser pulses respectively. It is found that EPAB is a three-photon absorber for 100 fs pulses at the excitation wavelength of 800 nm. For ns pulses at 532 nm it exhibits strong optical limiting, indicating possible photonics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sajan
- Department of Physics, Bishop Moore College, Mavelikara, Alappuzha 690 110, Kerala, India.
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18
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Gao L, Fei J, Zhao J, Li H, Cui Y, Li J. Hypocrellin-loaded gold nanocages with high two-photon efficiency for photothermal/photodynamic cancer therapy in vitro. ACS NANO 2012; 6:8030-40. [PMID: 22931130 DOI: 10.1021/nn302634m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A new bioconjugate nanostructure was constructed by using photosensitizer-incorporated mixed lipid-coated gold nanocages for two-photon photothermal/photodynamic cancer therapy in vitro with high efficiency. Scanning electron microscopic and transmission electron microscopic images reveal that the precursors and bioconjugate nanostructure as-prepared are narrowly dispersed and possess uniform morphologies. The relevant energy dispersion X-ray analysis and UV-vis spectra indicate that the bioconjugate nanostructure above was assembled successfully and has a strong absorption in the near-infrared region. Fluorescence and electronic spin resonance results show that the gold nanocage in the bioconjugate nanostructure can dramatically quench the photosensitizer and inhibit the production of singlet oxygen, which is supposed to alleviate the photosensitizers' unwanted side effects originating from their nontargeted distribution. We have demonstrated that as the nanocomplex is internalized by cancer cells, under two-photon illumination, photodynamic anticancer treatment is dramatically enhanced by the photothermal effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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19
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Fan HH, Guo L, Li KF, Wong MS, Cheah KW. Exceptionally Strong Multiphoton-Excited Blue Photoluminescence and Lasing from Ladder-Type Oligo(p-phenylene)s. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:7297-300. [DOI: 10.1021/ja302085q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Hua Fan
- Department
of Physics and Institute of Advanced Materials, ‡Department of Chemistry and Institute
of Advanced Materials, and §Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong,
China
| | - Lei Guo
- Department
of Physics and Institute of Advanced Materials, ‡Department of Chemistry and Institute
of Advanced Materials, and §Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong,
China
| | - King Fai Li
- Department
of Physics and Institute of Advanced Materials, ‡Department of Chemistry and Institute
of Advanced Materials, and §Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong,
China
| | - Man Shing Wong
- Department
of Physics and Institute of Advanced Materials, ‡Department of Chemistry and Institute
of Advanced Materials, and §Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong,
China
| | - Kok Wai Cheah
- Department
of Physics and Institute of Advanced Materials, ‡Department of Chemistry and Institute
of Advanced Materials, and §Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong,
China
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20
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Ogawa K, Dy J, Kobuke Y. Substituent effect on two-photon absorption properties of conjugated porphyrins. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424605000848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Two-photon absorption (2PA) cross section values of bisacetylene-connected bisporphyrins were measured by using a nanosecond open aperture Z-scan method. The maximum effective cross section values of alkyl and aryl meso-substituted bisporphyrins were 14,000 GM at 890 nm and 7,700 GM at 860 nm, respectively, and the value of alkyl-substituted bisporphyrin was almost twice of that of aryl-substituted one. In one-photon absorption spectra, Q-bands of alkyl-substituted bisporphyrin were red-shifted at 635 nm and 685 nm, and intensified compared with those of aryl-substituted one at 625 nm and 678 nm, respectively, indicating higher π-electron density of the former compound compared to that of the later. The large enhancement observed for alkyl-substituted bisporphyrin is attributed to the increase in π- electron density compared with aryl-substituted one. It was found that the alkyl group is better to obtain large 2PA cross section values than the aryl group as the meso-substituent of the porphyrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Ogawa
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
| | - Joanne Dy
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kobuke
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
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21
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Susumu K, Fisher JAN, Zheng J, Beratan DN, Yodh AG, Therien MJ. Two-photon absorption properties of proquinoidal D-A-D and A-D-A quadrupolar chromophores. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:5525-39. [PMID: 21568299 PMCID: PMC3121192 DOI: 10.1021/jp2000738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis, one- and two-photon absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence, and electrochemical properties of a series of quadrupolar molecules that feature proquinoidal π-aromatic acceptors. These quadrupolar molecules possess either donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) or acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) electronic motifs, and feature 4-N,N-dihexylaminophenyl, 4-dodecyloxyphenyl, 4-(N,N-dihexylamino)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl or 2,5-dioctyloxyphenyl electron donor moieties and benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (BTD) or 6,7-bis(3',7'-dimethyloctyl)[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-g]quinoxaline (TDQ) electron acceptor units. These conjugated structures are highly emissive in nonpolar solvents and exhibit large spectral red-shifts of their respective lowest energy absorption bands relative to analogous reference compounds that incorporate phenylene components in place of BTD and TDQ moieties. BTD-based D-A-D and A-D-A chromophores exhibit increasing fluorescence emission red-shifts, and a concomitant decrease of the fluorescence quantum yield (Φ(f)) with increasing solvent polarity; these data indicate that electronic excitation augments benzothiadiazole electron density via an internal charge transfer mechanism. The BTD- and TDQ-containing structures exhibit blue-shifted two-photon absorption (TPA) spectra relative to their corresponding one-photon absorption (OPA) spectra, and display high TPA cross sections (>100 GM) within these spectral windows. D-A-D and A-D-A structures that feature more extensive conjugation within this series of compounds exhibit larger TPA cross sections consistent with computational simulation. Factors governing TPA properties of these quadrupolar chromophores are discussed within the context of a three-state model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimihiro Susumu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, USA
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22
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Feng XJ, Wu PL, Li KF, Wong MS, Cheah KW. Highly Efficient Multiphoton-Absorbing Quadrupolar Oligomers for Frequency Upconversion. Chemistry 2011; 17:2518-26. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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23
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De Boni L, Correa DS, Silva DL, Gonçalves PJ, Zilio SC, Parra GG, Borissevitch IE, Canuto S, Mendonca CR. Experimental and theoretical study of two-photon absorption in nitrofuran derivatives: Promising compounds for photochemotherapy. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:014509. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3514911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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24
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Wan Y, Yan L, Zhao Z, Ma X, Guo Q, Jia M, Lu P, Ramos-Ortiz G, Maldonado JL, Rodríguez M, Xia A. Gigantic Two-Photon Absorption Cross Sections and Strong Two-Photon Excited Fluorescence in Pyrene Core Dendrimers with Fluorene/Carbazole as Dendrons and Acetylene as Linkages. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:11737-45. [DOI: 10.1021/jp104868j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wan
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China, and Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica A.P. 1-948, CP 37000 León, Guanajuato, México
| | - Linyin Yan
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China, and Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica A.P. 1-948, CP 37000 León, Guanajuato, México
| | - Zujin Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China, and Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica A.P. 1-948, CP 37000 León, Guanajuato, México
| | - Xiaonan Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China, and Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica A.P. 1-948, CP 37000 León, Guanajuato, México
| | - Qianjin Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China, and Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica A.P. 1-948, CP 37000 León, Guanajuato, México
| | - Mingli Jia
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China, and Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica A.P. 1-948, CP 37000 León, Guanajuato, México
| | - Ping Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China, and Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica A.P. 1-948, CP 37000 León, Guanajuato, México
| | - Gabriel Ramos-Ortiz
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China, and Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica A.P. 1-948, CP 37000 León, Guanajuato, México
| | - José Luis Maldonado
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China, and Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica A.P. 1-948, CP 37000 León, Guanajuato, México
| | - Mario Rodríguez
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China, and Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica A.P. 1-948, CP 37000 León, Guanajuato, México
| | - Andong Xia
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China, and Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica A.P. 1-948, CP 37000 León, Guanajuato, México
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25
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Photophysical properties of rhodamine isomers: A two-photon excited fluorescent sensor for trivalent chromium cation (Cr3+). Anal Chim Acta 2010; 665:215-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2010] [Revised: 03/14/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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26
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Chiang LY, Padmawar PA, Rogers-Haley JE, So G, Canteenwala T, Thota S, Tan LS, Pritzker K, Huang YY, Sharma SK, Kurup DB, Hamblin MR, Wilson B, Urbas A. Synthesis and characterization of highly photoresponsive fullerenyl dyads with a close chromophore antenna-C(60) contact and effective photodynamic potential. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 20:5280-5293. [PMID: 20890406 DOI: 10.1039/c0jm00037j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of a new class of photoresponsive C(60)-DCE-diphenylaminofluorene nanostructures and their intramolecular photoinduced energy and electron transfer phenomena. Structural modification was made by chemical conversion of the keto group in C(60)(>DPAF-C(n)) to a stronger electron-withdrawing 1,1-dicyanoethylenyl (DCE) unit leading to C(60)(>CPAF-C(n)) with an increased electronic polarization of the molecule. The modification also led to a large bathochromic shift of the major band in visible spectrum giving measureable absorption up to 600 nm and extended the photoresponsive capability of C(60)-DCE-DPAF nanostructures to longer red wavelengths than C(60)(>DPAF-C(n)). Accordingly, C(60)(>CPAF-C(n)) may allow 2γ-PDT using a light wavelength of 1000-1200 nm for enhanced tissue penetration depth. Production efficiency of singlet oxygen by closely related C(60)(>DPAF-C(2) (M)) was found to be comparable with that of tetraphenylporphyrin photosensitizer. Remarkably, the (1)O(2) quantum yield of C(60)(>CPAF-C(2) (M)) was found to be nearly 6-fold higher than that of C(60)(>DPAF-C(2) (M)), demonstrating the large light-harvesting enhancement of the CPAF-C(2) (M) moiety and leading to more efficient triplet state generation of the C(60)> cage moiety. This led to highly effective killing of HeLa cells by C(60)(>CPAF-C(2) (M)) via photodynamic therapy (200 J cm(-2) white light). We interpret the phenomena in terms of the contributions by the extended π-conjugation and stronger electron-withdrawing capability associated with the 1,1-dicyanoethylenyl group compared to that of the keto group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Y Chiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA; ; Tel: (+978)-934-3663
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27
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Feng XJ, Wu PL, Tam HL, Li KF, Wong MS, Cheah KW. Fluorene-Based π-Conjugated Oligomers for Efficient Three-Photon Excited Photoluminescence and Lasing. Chemistry 2009; 15:11681-91. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200901460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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28
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A TD-DFT study on the photo-physicochemical properties of chrysophanol from rheum. Int J Mol Sci 2009; 10:3186-3193. [PMID: 19742131 PMCID: PMC2738918 DOI: 10.3390/ijms10073186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2009] [Accepted: 07/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
As a naturally occurring anthraquinone pigment, chrysophanol (MHAQ) has attracted considerable attention in recent years owing to its efficient photosensitivity under the solar spectrum. Considering the successful use of time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) in investigating the photo-physicochemical behaviors of dyes and pigments, we performed a study by means of TD-DFT calculations, which provided us with various excited state properties of chrysophanol, including absorption spectrum, lowest triplet excited-state energy, vertical electron affinity and vertical ionization potential. On the basis of the calculated results, the photosensitive mechanisms of chrysophanol were discussed and some deeper insights were gained. First, we indicated that the experimentally observed chrysophanol’s photo-damage to DNA in oxygen-free media is more likely to arise from MHAQ•+ rather than from T1 state chrysophanol. Second, we revealed that it is the MHAQ•− that is responsible for the O2•− generation in solvents. Based on the photosensitive activities, chrysophanol may be potentially used as the photodynamic medicine for clinical therapy of the diseases occurring on the shallow surface and vascular capillary diseases.
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29
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Wan Y, Jia K, Li B, Bo Z, Xia A. Enhancement of two-photon absorption cross section and singlet-oxygen generation in porphyrin-cored star polymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-008-0157-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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30
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Boca SC, Four M, Bonne A, van der Sanden B, Astilean S, Baldeck PL, Lemercier G. An ethylene-glycol decorated ruthenium(ii) complex for two-photon photodynamic therapy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:4590-2. [DOI: 10.1039/b907143a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Ogawa K, Kobuke Y. Design of two-photon absorbing materials for molecular optical memory and photodynamic therapy. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:2241-6. [DOI: 10.1039/b901422e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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32
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Wu PL, Feng XJ, Tam HL, Wong MS, Cheah KW. Efficient Three-Photon Excited Deep Blue Photoluminescence and Lasing of Diphenylamino and 1,2,4-Triazole Endcapped Oligofluorenes. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 131:886-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja806703v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Po Lam Wu
- Department of Physics & Centre for Advanced Luminescence Materials and, Department of Chemistry & Centre for Advanced Luminescence Materials, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xin Jiang Feng
- Department of Physics & Centre for Advanced Luminescence Materials and, Department of Chemistry & Centre for Advanced Luminescence Materials, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hoi Lam Tam
- Department of Physics & Centre for Advanced Luminescence Materials and, Department of Chemistry & Centre for Advanced Luminescence Materials, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Man Shing Wong
- Department of Physics & Centre for Advanced Luminescence Materials and, Department of Chemistry & Centre for Advanced Luminescence Materials, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kok Wai Cheah
- Department of Physics & Centre for Advanced Luminescence Materials and, Department of Chemistry & Centre for Advanced Luminescence Materials, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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33
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3MLCT excited states in Ru(II) complexes: Reactivity and related two-photon absorption applications in the near-infrared spectral range. CR CHIM 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2007.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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34
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Two-photon spectroscopic behaviors and photodynamic effect on the BEL-7402 cancer cells of the new chlorophyll photosensitizer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-008-0046-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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35
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Khurana M, Collins HA, Karotki A, Anderson HL, Cramb DT, Wilson BC. Quantitative in vitro demonstration of two-photon photodynamic therapy using photofrin and visudyne. Photochem Photobiol 2008; 83:1441-8. [PMID: 18028219 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2007.00185.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), the combined action of a photosensitizer and light to produce a cytotoxic effect, is an approved therapy for a number of diseases. At present, clinical PDT treatments involve one-photon excitation of the photosensitizer. A major limitation is that damage may be caused to healthy tissues that have absorbed the drug and lie in the beam path. Two-photon excitation may minimize this collateral damage, as the probability of absorption increases with the square of the light intensity, enabling spatial confinement of the photosensitizer activation. A potential application is the treatment of the wet-form of age-related macular degeneration, the foremost cause of central vision loss in the elderly. Herein, the commercial photosensitizers Visudyne and Photofrin are used to demonstrate quantitative in vitro two-photon PDT. A uniform layer of endothelial cells (YPEN-1) was irradiated with a Ti:sapphire laser (300 fs, 865 nm, 90 MHz) using a confocal scanning microscope. Quantification of the two-photon PDT effect was achieved using the permeability stain Hoechst 33258 and a SYTOX Orange viability stain. Visudyne was found to be around seven times more effective as a two-photon photosensitizer than Photofrin under the conditions used, consistent with its higher two-photon absorption cross-section. We also demonstrate for the first time the quadratic intensity dependence of cellular two-photon PDT. This simple in vitro method for quantifying the efficacy of photosensitizers for two-photon excited PDT will be valuable to test specifically designed two-photon photosensitizers before proceeding to in vivo studies in preclinical animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Khurana
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Ontario Cancer Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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36
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Yang Z, Li N, Xia AD, He QG, Lin HZ, Bai FL. Spectroscopic Characteristics of Hyperbranched Conjugated Polymers Studied by One- and Two-Photon Excitations. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2007. [DOI: 10.1088/1674-0068/20/04/500-508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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37
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Atif M, Dyer P, Paget T, Snelling H, Stringer M. Two-photon excitation studies of m-THPC photosensitizer and photodynamic activity in an epithelial cell line. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2007; 4:106-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2006.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2006] [Revised: 10/26/2006] [Accepted: 10/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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38
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Beck TJ, Burkanas M, Bagdonas S, Krivickiene Z, Beyer W, Sroka R, Baumgartner R, Rotomskis R. Two-photon photodynamic therapy of C6 cells by means of 5-aminolevulinic acid induced protoporphyrin IX. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2007; 87:174-82. [PMID: 17513121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2007.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2006] [Revised: 02/20/2007] [Accepted: 03/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has received increased attention as a treatment modality for malignant tumors as well as non-oncologic diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). An alternative to excite the photosensitizer by the common one-photon absorption is the method of two-photon excitation (TPE). This two-photon photodynamic therapy has the potential of improving the therapeutic outcome due to a highly localized photodynamic effect. The present study investigated the two-photon excited PDT performing in vitro experiments where C6 rat glioma cells were irradiated with a pulsed and focused fs Ti:sapphire laser emitting light at 800 nm. The irradiance distribution of the laser beam was carefully analyzed before the experiment and the applied irradiance was known for each position within the irradiated cell layer. Cells were divided into four groups and one group was incubated with 5-ALA and irradiated 4-5h later. The survival of this group was tested after irradiation by means of ethidium bromide and acridine orange staining and compared to a control group, which was irradiated under the same conditions, but not incubated with 5-ALA before. Both groups showed necrotic areas depending on the applied irradiance, the value of which at the margin of the necrotic area could be deduced from its size. 5-ALA incubated cells became necrotic after irradiation with a mean irradiance above 6.1 x 10(10) W/cm(2), while non-incubated cells remained viable. Cells of both groups became necrotic when treated with an irradiance above 10.9 x 10(10) W/cm(2). The observed affected area of the cell layers was between 0.13 mm(2) and 1.10 mm(2). Since the irradiation of non-incubated cells below the mean power density of 10.9 x 10(10) W/cm(2) induced no necrosis, apparently no thermal damage was induced in the cells and necrosis of the 5-ALA incubated cells can be ascribed to the photodynamic effect induced by two-photon excitation. The successful photodynamic treatment of a large area of a monolayer cell culture induced by two-photon excitation offers new perspectives for photodynamic treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias J Beck
- Laser Research Laboratory, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
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Samkoe KS, Clancy AA, Karotki A, Wilson BC, Cramb DT. Complete blood vessel occlusion in the chick chorioallantoic membrane using two-photon excitation photodynamic therapy: implications for treatment of wet age-related macular degeneration. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2007; 12:034025. [PMID: 17614733 DOI: 10.1117/1.2750663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Complete blood vessel occlusion is required for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). AMD is the leading cause of blindness in developed countries and current treatment regimes have potential to cause collateral damage, or do not remove pre-existing unwanted vasculature. It has been proposed that two-photon excitation (TPE) photodynamic therapy (PDT) can be applied to cause local blood vessel occlusion without damaging surrounding retinal tissues. The in ovo chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) is used as the model for vascularization in the wet form of AMD; novel techniques for the utilization of the CAM are reported. Complete occlusion of CAM vessels approximately 15 microm in diameter is achieved using the clinically approved photosensitizer Verteporfin (Visudyne, QLT, Incorporated, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada) and TPE activation. The average and peak irradiances used for treatment are 3.3x10(6) Wcm(2) and 3.7x10(11) Wcm(2), respectively. A total fluence of 1.1x10(8) Jcm(2) is the dosage required for successful occlusion, and it is expected that for optimal conditions it will be much less. These results are the first proof-of-principle evidence in the literature that indicate TPE-PDT can be used to occlude small blood vessels. Further investigation will help determine the utility of TPE-PDT for treating wet AMD, perhaps through targeting feeder vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley S Samkoe
- University of Calgary, Department of Chemistry, 2500 University Drive, Northwest, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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Dy JT, Ogawa K, Satake A, Ishizumi A, Kobuke Y. Water-Soluble Self-Assembled Butadiyne-Bridged Bisporphyrin: A Potential Two-Photon-Absorbing Photosensitizer for Photodynamic Therapy. Chemistry 2007; 13:3491-500. [PMID: 17225219 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200601205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized a novel, two-photon-absorbing photosensitizer for two-photon-absorption photodynamic therapy (2PA-PDT). The molecule is a butadiyne-bridged porphyrin dimer terminated with two water-soluble porphyrin monomers connected through Zn-imidazolyl self-assembly and covalently linked through olefin metathesis. It has an effective two-photon-absorption (2PA) cross-section value, sigma((2)), of 33 000+/-4600 GM with 5-ns pulses at 890 nm measured by using the open-aperture Z-scan technique. The compound was found to generate singlet oxygen, cytotoxic for tumor cells in photodynamic therapy (PDT), under 2PA conditions by conducting photobleaching experiments with anthracene-9,10-dipropionic acid sodium salt (ADPA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne T Dy
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
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Mathai S, Bird DK, Stylli SS, Smith TA, Ghiggino KP. Two-photon absorption cross-sections and time-resolved fluorescence imaging using porphyrin photosensitisers. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2007; 6:1019-26. [PMID: 17721602 DOI: 10.1039/b705101h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three porphyrin systems have been characterised for use in two-photon fluorescence imaging of biological samples. We have determined the two-photon absorption cross sections (sigma(2)) of the di-cation, free-base and metallated forms of hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD), hematoporphyrin IX (Hp9) and a boronated protoporphyrin (BOPP) using the open-aperture Z-scan and the two-photon induced fluorescence (TPIF) techniques at an excitation wavelength of 800 nm. The insertion of either protons or a metal ion into the macrocycle is shown not to significantly influence the sigma(2) of the porphyrins. Two-photon time-resolved fluorescence images of C6 glioma cells transfected with a free-base form of the BOPP have been obtained as a function of the porphyrin concentration. These studies reveal a maximum useful porphyrin concentration for fluorescence imaging purposes of approximately 30 microg mL(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Mathai
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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Girardot C, Lemercier G, Mulatier JC, Chauvin J, Baldeck PL, Andraud C. Novel ruthenium(ii) and zinc(ii) complexes for two-photon absorption related applications. Dalton Trans 2007:3421-6. [PMID: 17664979 DOI: 10.1039/b706715a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two new fluorene derivatized 1,10-phenanthroline ligands and related tris-chelate Ru(II) or Zn(II) coordination complexes have been synthesised. The linear and nonlinear (two-photon induced fluorescence) photophysical measurements have contributed to highlight the possibility to tune the absorption spectral range and excited lifetime, depending on ligand substitution and nature of the metal. More significantly, the observation of two-photon absorption (TPA) associated with long-lived metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) excited states in the Ru(II)-based chromophores, opens a wide range of applications in the near infrared.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Girardot
- Laboratoire de Chimie, UMR no 5182, CNRS/ENS-Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364, Lyon, cedex 07, France
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Hayek A, Nicoud JF, Bolze F, Bourgogne C, Baldeck PL. Boron-Containing Two-Photon-Absorbing Chromophores: Electronic Interaction through the Cyclodiborazane Core. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:6466-9. [PMID: 16952185 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200602266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hayek
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Groupe des Matériaux Organiques (UMR 7504), 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg cedex 2, France
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Hayek A, Nicoud JF, Bolze F, Bourgogne C, Baldeck PL. Boron-Containing Two-Photon-Absorbing Chromophores: Electronic Interaction through the Cyclodiborazane Core. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200602266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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45
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Zheng J, Guo Y, Li X, Zhang G, Chen W. Two-photon-induced excited state intramolecular proton transfer process and nonlinear optical properties of HBT in cyclohexane solution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1088/1464-4258/8/10/003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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46
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Karotki A, Khurana M, Lepock JR, Wilson BC. Simultaneous two-photon excitation of photofrin in relation to photodynamic therapy. Photochem Photobiol 2006; 82:443-52. [PMID: 16613497 DOI: 10.1562/2005-08-24-ra-657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), the use of light-activated drugs (photosensitizers), is an emerging treatment modality for tumors as well as various nononcologic conditions. Single-photon (1-gamma) PDT is limited by low specificity of the photosensitizer, leading to damage to healthy tissue adjacent to the diseased target tissue. One solution is to use simultaneous two-photon (2-gamma) excitation with ultrafast pulses of near-IR light. Due to the nonlinear interaction mechanism, 2-gamma excitation with a focused beam is localized in three dimensions, allowing treatment volumes on the order of femtoliters. We propose that this will be valuable in PDT of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which causes blindness due to abnormal choroidal neovasculature and which is currently treated by 1-gamma PDT. Here, Photofrin has been used as the photosensitizer to demonstrate proof-of-principle of 2-gamma killing of vascular endothelial cells in vitro. The 2-gamma absorption properties of Photofrin were investigated in the 750-900 nm excitation wavelength range. It was shown that 2-gamma excitation dominates over 1-gamma excitation above 800 nm. The 2-gamma absorption spectrum of Photofrin in the 800-900 nm excitation wavelength range was measured. The 2-gamma cross section decreased from about 10 GM (1 GM = 10(-50) cm4 s/photon) at 800 nm to 5 GM at 900 nm. Adherent YPEN-1 endothelial cells were then incubated with Photofrin for 24 h and then treated by PDT at 850 nm where the 1-gamma contribution was negligible. Cell death was monitored with the use of 2-gamma scanning laser microscopy. The light doses required for killing were high (6300 J cm(-2) for approximately 50% killing), but 2-gamma cytotoxicity was unequivocally demonstrated. Although Photofrin is, per se, not a good choice for 2-gamma PDT due to its low 2-gamma cross section, this work provides baseline data to guide the development of novel photosensitizers with much higher 2-gamma cross sections (>100 GM), which will be required for 2-gamma PDT of AMD (and other conditions) to be clinically practical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliaksandr Karotki
- Division of Biophysics and Bioimaging, Ontario Cancer Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Tanihara J, Ogawa K, Kobuke Y. Two-photon absorption properties of conjugated supramolecular porphyrins with electron donor and acceptor. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2005.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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48
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Lemercier G, Martineau C, Mulatier JC, Wang I, Stéphan O, Baldeck P, Andraud C. Analogs of Michler’s ketone for two-photon absorption initiation of polymerization in the near infrared: synthesis and photophysical properties. NEW J CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1039/b608391a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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49
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Hayek A, Bolze F, Nicoud JF, Baldeck PL, Mély Y. Synthesis and characterization of water-soluble two-photon excited blue fluorescent chromophores for bioimaging. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2005; 5:102-6. [PMID: 16395434 DOI: 10.1039/b509843b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report here the synthesis and characterization of a new type of non-ionic blue fluorescent water-soluble chromophores specifically designed for two-photon absorption microscopy. The water solubility is induced by introduction of short oligo(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether moieties. This work has led to low molecular weight dyes with efficient two-photon absorption cross sections and high fluorescence quantum yield in organic solvents as well as in aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hayek
- Groupe des Matériaux Organiques, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, F-67034, Strasbourg, France
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Ogawa K, Ohashi A, Kobuke Y, Kamada K, Ohta K. Two-Photon Absorption Properties of Self-Assemblies of Butadiyne-Linked Bis(Imidazolylporphyrin). J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:22003-12. [PMID: 16853858 DOI: 10.1021/jp054444z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular porphyrin self-assemblies have been prepared from butadiyne-linked bis(imidazolylporphyrin) by complementary coordination of imidazole to zinc, and their two-photon absorption (2PA) and higher-order nonlinear absorption properties were investigated over femtosecond time scales using an open-aperture Z-scan method. The self-assembled porphyrin dimer of the conjugated monozinc bisporphyrin 7D was shown to have a large 2PA cross section (7.6 x 10(3) GM, where 1 GM = 10(-50) cm(4) s molecule(-1) photon(-1)) at 887 nm. By comparison of this result with that for a meso-meso-linked porphyrin array without the butadiyne connection (3.7 x 10(2) GM at 964 nm), it was demonstrated that the predominant factor in this significant enhancement of the cross section was the expansion of porphyrin-porphyrin pi-conjugation. Self-coordination and monozinc metalation were also found to be contributing factors. Furthermore, a novel self-assembled porphyrin polymer 8P consisting of a biszinc complex with a mean molecular weight of M(n) = 1.5 x 10(5) Da was shown to exhibit an extraordinarily large two-photon absorption cross section (4.4 x 10(5) GM at 873 nm). Nanosecond Z-scan experiments for 7D and 8P were also undertaken and resulted in the measurement of large effective 2PA cross sections, including the excited-state absorption (2.1 x 10(5) GM for 7D and 2.2 x 10(7) GM for 8P, respectively). Finally, three-photon absorption was observed by femtosecond Z-scan experiments at 1188 nm (7.1 x 10(-89) m(6) s(2)) and 1282 nm (1.8 x 10(-89) m(6) s(2)), an observation which is the first of its kind in porphyrin chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Ogawa
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
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