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Duffy MJ, Planas O, Faust A, Vogl T, Hermann S, Schäfers M, Nonell S, Strassert CA. Towards optimized naphthalocyanines as sonochromes for photoacoustic imaging in vivo. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2018; 9:49-61. [PMID: 29707479 PMCID: PMC5914198 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we establish a methodology to predict photoacoustic imaging capabilities from the structure of absorber molecules (sonochromes). The comparative in vitro and in vivo screening of naphthalocyanines and cyanine dyes has shown a substitution pattern dependent shift in photoacoustic excitation wavelength, with distal substitution producing the preferred maximum around 800 nm. Central ion change showed variable production of photoacoustic signals, as well as singlet oxygen photoproduction and fluorescence with the optimum for photoacoustic imaging being nickel(II). Our approach paves the way for the design, evaluation and realization of optimized sonochromes as photoacoustic contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell J. Duffy
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003-CiM), University of Münster, Germany
| | - Oriol Planas
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Spain
| | - Andreas Faust
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003-CiM), University of Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Institut für Immunologie, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Sven Hermann
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003-CiM), University of Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Schäfers
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003-CiM), University of Münster, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Münster, Germany
| | - Santi Nonell
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Spain
| | - Cristian A. Strassert
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech) University of Münster, Germany
- Corresponding author.
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Yıldırım N, Bilgiçli AT, Alici EH, Arabacı G, Yarasir MN. Formation, characterization, aggregation, fluorescence and antioxidant properties of novel tetrasubstituted metal-free and metallophthalocyanines bearing (4-(methylthio)phenoxy) moieties. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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3
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Sciscione F, Cong L, Donzello MP, Viola E, Ercolani C, Kadish KM. Octakis(2-pyridyl)porphyrazine and Its Neutral Metal Derivatives: UV–Visible Spectral, Electrochemical, and Photoactivity Studies. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:5813-5826. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Sciscione
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Lei Cong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Maria Pia Donzello
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Elisa Viola
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Claudio Ercolani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Karl M. Kadish
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
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Luan L, Ding L, Zhang W, Shi J, Yu X, Liu W. A naphthalocyanine based near-infrared photosensitizer: Synthesis and in vitro photodynamic activities. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:3775-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.04.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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5
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Solvent-free synthesis of novel phthalocyanines containing triazole derivatives under microwave irradiation. Polyhedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2012.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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6
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Donzello MP, Viola E, Ercolani C, Fu Z, Futur D, Kadish KM. Tetra-2,3-pyrazinoporphyrazines with externally appended pyridine rings. 12. New heteropentanuclear complexes carrying four exocyclic cis-platin-like functionalities as potential bimodal (PDT/cis-platin) anticancer agents. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:12548-59. [PMID: 23121685 DOI: 10.1021/ic301989a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Heteropentanuclear porphyrazines having the formula [(PtCl2)4LM] where L = tetrakis-2,3-[5,6-di(2-pyridyl)pyrazino]porphyrazinato dianion and M = Zn(II), Mg(II)(H2O), Pd(II), Cu(II) or Co(II) were characterized by elemental analyses, IR-UV-visible spectroscopy and electrochemistry and the data compared to new and previously published results for the corresponding homopentanuclear compound [(PtCl2)4LPt]. This latter species has four external N2(py)PtCl2 coordination sites which closely resemble cis-platin, (NH3)2PtCl2, the potent chemotherapeutic anticancer drug, and is able to act as a photosensitizer for the generation of (1)O2, the cytotoxic agent in photodynamic therapy (PDT). UV-visible spectra and half wave potentials for reduction of [(PtCl2)4LM], [(PtCl2)4LPt], the parallel series of mononuclear [LM] compounds and the pentanuclear [(PdCl2)4LM] compounds were examined in the nonaqueous solvents dimethyl sulfoxide, pyridine, and dimethylformamide. The complete set of available data indicate that external coordination of the PtCl2 and PdCl2 units significantly increases the level of the electron-deficiency of the entire molecular framework despite the fact that these groups are far away from the central porphyrazine π-ring system and have coordination sites nearly orthogonal to the plane of the macrocycle. The pentanuclear species [(M'Cl2)4LM] (M' = Pt(II), Pd(II)) undergo multiple one-electron transfers and exhibit an easier reducibility as compared to related electrode reactions of the parent compounds [LM] having the same central metal. Aggregation phenomena and reducibility of the porphyrazines to their monoanionic form (prevalently in DMF) are observed for some of the examined compounds and were analyzed and accurately taken into account. Quantum yields of (1)O2 (ΦΔ), of interest in PDT, were measured for [(PtCl2)4LM] with M = Zn(II), Mg(II)(H2O), or Pd(II) and the related macrocycles [(PdCl2)4LM] and [LM] in dimethylformamide (DMF) and/or DMF preacidified with HCl (DMF/HCl, [HCl]: 1-2 × 10(-4) M). Excellent ΦΔ values (0.5-0.6) which qualify the compounds as potent photosensitizers in PDT were obtained for the pentanuclear species having Zn(II) or Pd(II) as central metal ions. The [(PtCl2)4LZn] and [(PtCl2)4LPd] complexes are of special interest as potential bimodal anticancer agents because of the incorporated four cis-platin-like functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pia Donzello
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" , P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
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Josefsen LB, Boyle RW. Unique diagnostic and therapeutic roles of porphyrins and phthalocyanines in photodynamic therapy, imaging and theranostics. Theranostics 2012; 2:916-66. [PMID: 23082103 PMCID: PMC3475217 DOI: 10.7150/thno.4571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 379] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Porphyrinic molecules have a unique theranostic role in disease therapy; they have been used to image, detect and treat different forms of diseased tissue including age-related macular degeneration and a number of different cancer types. Current focus is on the clinical imaging of tumour tissue; targeted delivery of photosensitisers and the potential of photosensitisers in multimodal biomedical theranostic nanoplatforms. The roles of porphyrinic molecules in imaging and pdt, along with research into improving their selective uptake in diseased tissue and their utility in theranostic applications are highlighted in this Review.
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SPILLER WOLFGANG, KLIESCH HOLGER, WÖHRLE DIETER, HACKBARTH STEFFEN, RÖDER BEATE, SCHNURPFEIL G. Singlet Oxygen Quantum Yields of Different Photosensitizers in Polar Solvents and Micellar Solutions. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1409(199803/04)2:2%3c145::aid-jpp60%3e3.0.co%3b2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The singlet oxygen luminescence method and the photochemical methods using 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran ( DPBF ) or bilirubin ditaurate ( BDT ) as chemical quenchers were employed to determine the single oxygen quantum yields (ΦΔ) of different phthalocyanines and tris(2,2″-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) dichloride in dimethylformamide ( DMF ) or aqueous micellar solution of 0.1 M CTAC (cetyltrimethylammonium chloride). Additionally, a perylenetetracarboxylic acid diimide derivative was examined in DMF . In a series of tetrasulfonated phthalocyanines ( PTS ) the following order was found: ZnPTS > GaPTS > AlPTS ≈ H 2 PTS > CoPTS . In general, the singlet oxygen quantum yields are higher in DMF than in 0.1 M CTAC/H 2 O . The results obtained with the photochemical systems are comparable with those obtained by the photophysical method. The photochemical DPBF method results in absolute values of ΦΔ. However, in micellar solution, chain reactions occur when DPBF is used as chemical quencher in the photo-oxidative process. This problem can be overcome by adding sodium thiosulphate which is able to destroy the endoperoxide initially formed. BDT can be used as quencher in different solvents to determine ΦΔ relative to a photosensitizer with known singlet oxygen quantum yield in the respective solvent. In comparison to the chemical methods the luminescence method exhibits the advantage that side reactions of the quencher are excluded. But normally the ΦΔ values obtained are relative to a reference, since absolute determinations need much larger efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- WOLFGANG SPILLER
- Universität Bremen, Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Fachbereich 2, NW II, PO Box 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - HOLGER KLIESCH
- Universität Bremen, Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Fachbereich 2, NW II, PO Box 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - DIETER WÖHRLE
- Universität Bremen, Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Fachbereich 2, NW II, PO Box 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - STEFFEN HACKBARTH
- Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Institut für Physik, Photobiophysik, Invalidenstr. 110, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - BEATE RÖDER
- Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Institut für Physik, Photobiophysik, Invalidenstr. 110, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - GüNTER SCHNURPFEIL
- Universität Bremen, Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Fachbereich 2, NW II, PO Box 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
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9
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SPILLER WOLFGANG, KLIESCH HOLGER, WÖHRLE DIETER, HACKBARTH STEFFEN, RÖDER BEATE, SCHNURPFEIL G. Singlet Oxygen Quantum Yields of Different Photosensitizers in Polar Solvents and Micellar Solutions. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1409(199803/04)2:2<145::aid-jpp60>3.0.co;2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 585] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The singlet oxygen luminescence method and the photochemical methods using 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran ( DPBF ) or bilirubin ditaurate ( BDT ) as chemical quenchers were employed to determine the single oxygen quantum yields (ΦΔ) of different phthalocyanines and tris(2,2″-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) dichloride in dimethylformamide ( DMF ) or aqueous micellar solution of 0.1 M CTAC (cetyltrimethylammonium chloride). Additionally, a perylenetetracarboxylic acid diimide derivative was examined in DMF . In a series of tetrasulfonated phthalocyanines ( PTS ) the following order was found: ZnPTS > GaPTS > AlPTS ≈ H 2 PTS > CoPTS . In general, the singlet oxygen quantum yields are higher in DMF than in 0.1 M CTAC/H 2 O . The results obtained with the photochemical systems are comparable with those obtained by the photophysical method. The photochemical DPBF method results in absolute values of ΦΔ. However, in micellar solution, chain reactions occur when DPBF is used as chemical quencher in the photo-oxidative process. This problem can be overcome by adding sodium thiosulphate which is able to destroy the endoperoxide initially formed. BDT can be used as quencher in different solvents to determine ΦΔ relative to a photosensitizer with known singlet oxygen quantum yield in the respective solvent. In comparison to the chemical methods the luminescence method exhibits the advantage that side reactions of the quencher are excluded. But normally the ΦΔ values obtained are relative to a reference, since absolute determinations need much larger efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- WOLFGANG SPILLER
- Universität Bremen, Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Fachbereich 2, NW II, PO Box 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - HOLGER KLIESCH
- Universität Bremen, Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Fachbereich 2, NW II, PO Box 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - DIETER WÖHRLE
- Universität Bremen, Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Fachbereich 2, NW II, PO Box 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - STEFFEN HACKBARTH
- Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Institut für Physik, Photobiophysik, Invalidenstr. 110, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - BEATE RÖDER
- Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Institut für Physik, Photobiophysik, Invalidenstr. 110, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - GüNTER SCHNURPFEIL
- Universität Bremen, Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Fachbereich 2, NW II, PO Box 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
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PEEVA M, SHOPOVA M, STOICHKOVA N, MICHAILOV N, WÖHRLE D, MÜLLER S. Comparative Photodynamic Therapy of B16 Pigmented Melanoma with Different Generations of Sensitizers. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1409(199906)3:5<380::aid-jpp145>3.0.co;2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In order to apply photodynamic therapy to pigmented neoplasms, comparative photosensitizing studies of B 16 pigmented melanoma in C 57 B 1/6 mice were carried out with haematoporphyrin derivative (HpD), zinc(II) phthalocyanine ( ZnPc ), zinc(II) naphthalocyanine ( ZnNc ) and tetrabenzamido-substituted zinc(II) naphthalocyanine ( ZnNcA ). By injection of the optimal drug concentration and application of the optimal dose of light irradiation (the emission of the laser dye corresponding to the λmax value of the respective sensitizer) a phototherapeutic effect was observed only after photosensitization with the longest-wavelength-absorbing sensitizer, namely ZnNcA . It is supposed that the detected, through different assessment criteria, promising phototherapeutic effect after ZnNcA photosensitization of B 16 pigmented melanoma in mice is due to suitable structural, photophysical and photochemical properties of this sensitizer, but not due to a hyperthermic effect. This assumption is supported by the results obtained after irradiation of B 16 pigmented melanoma-bearing mice with the same fluence rate and fluence but without the sensitizer. In this case the tumour temperature did not increase by more than 35 °C and no changes in the mean tumour diameter or in the malignant subcellular components were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. PEEVA
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - M. SHOPOVA
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - N. MICHAILOV
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - D. WÖHRLE
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - S. MÜLLER
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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11
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SHOPOVA M, PEEVA M, STOICHKOVA N, JORI G, WÖHRLE D, PETROV G. Light intensity effect on the mechanisms of tumor damage photosensitized by a substituted Zn(II)-naphthalocyanine. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jpp.548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxicity induced by photodynamic therapy (PDT) is connected with the phenomena of photo-oxidation. Generation of singlet oxygen and free radicals (superoxide or hydroxide) is accepted as a mechanism for the photo-oxidation action of PDT. Very little is however known about the validity of metabolitic and biochemical events observed in cell culture systems to in vivo tumor shrinkage following PDT. In the present work using the well-studied tetrabenzamido-substituted zinc (II)-naphthalocyanine ( ZnNc ) including towards pigmented melanoma, we accessed its efficacy for apoptotic processes during PDT of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) in mice in dependence on light intensity. Early photodynamic therapy responses were examined at 1, 3, 6, 10 and 24 h after coherent 774 nm illumination of the tumors applied 24 h after intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC)-liposome-incorporated 0.5 mg kg-1 b.w. ZnNc . Fluence rates of 260, 380 and 500 mW cm-2 at a fluence of 360 J cm-2 were used. Macroscopic observations showed that tumor reduction (and its eventual elimination) depends on optimal conditions for the occurring of photochemical reaction during PDT. At the same time, electron microscopy (EM) assays demonstrated strongly expressed dependence of apoptotic processes on the applied light intensities. Features of apoptotic processes were most clearly expressed at the highest used fluence rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. SHOPOVA
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - M. PEEVA
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - G. JORI
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, I-35121 Padova, Italy
| | - D. WÖHRLE
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Bremen, PO Box 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - G. PETROV
- Department of Physics, University of Sofia, 1156 Sofia, Bulgaria
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SCHNURPFEIL G, SOBBI ABDOLKHEZER, SPILLER WOLFGANG, KLIESCH HOLGER, WÖHRLE DIETER. Photo-oxidative Stability and its Correlation with Semi-empirical MO Calculations of Various Tetraazaporphyrin Derivatives in Solution. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1409(199704)1:2<159::aid-jpp19>3.0.co;2-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The photo-oxidative stability of various annelated and substituted tetraazaporphyrin derivatives were investigated in N , N -dimethylformamide by irradiation in the presence of air. First-order rate constants were calculated. In addition, the positions of the HOMO and LUMO energy levels of the compounds were calculated using a commercially available program. A linear correlation between the experimental values of the rate constants and the theoretical values of the HOMO position exists. The method described allows one to predict the photo-oxidative stability by calculating their HOMO levels, which is very important for the use of macrocyclic metal complexes in photo-oxidation reactions in solution. From the calculated triplet energies it is considered that the macrocyclic metal complexes can convert by photoinduced energy transfer triplet oxygen to singlet oxygen. Experimentally, tetraazaporphyrin derivatives show high quantum yields of singlet oxygen formation under irradiation. No correlations of the quantum yields with the position of the HOMOs or with the rate constants of decomposition was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- GüNTER SCHNURPFEIL
- Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Universität Bremen, Fachbereich 2, Postfach 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - ABDOL KHEZER SOBBI
- Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Universität Bremen, Fachbereich 2, Postfach 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - WOLFGANG SPILLER
- Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Universität Bremen, Fachbereich 2, Postfach 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - HOLGER KLIESCH
- Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Universität Bremen, Fachbereich 2, Postfach 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - DIETER WÖHRLE
- Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Universität Bremen, Fachbereich 2, Postfach 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
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Wöhrle D, Suvorova O, Gerdes R, Bartels O, Lapok L, Baziakina N, Makarov S, Slodek A. Efficient oxidations and photooxidations with molecular oxygen using metal phthalocyanines as catalysts and photocatalysts. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424604000398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Metal phthalocyanines can be very efficient as catalysts and photocatalysts in oxidation reactions using molecular oxygen as oxidant. Different types of soluble low molecular weight or oligomeric and insoluble heterogeneous catalysts and photocatalysts were developed. The heterogeneous metal phthalocyanines exist either impregnated on SiO 2, Al 2 O 3, charcoal and TiO 2 or covalently and coordinatively bound on SiO 2 and organic polymers or ionically bound on an organic ion exchanger. The catalytic oxidations of toxic sulfide and thiol derivative are studied. In addition, toxic phenols were employed as substrates for the photooxidation. Heterogeneous catalysts can exhibit higher activities then low molecular weight phthalocyanines. These systems exhibit a good stability for re-use. Photooxidations are more efficient than oxidations. A Si(IV) phthalocyanine derivative on a polymer ion exchanger is most active and stable. Also some examples for photooxidations in the direction of photochemical synthesis are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Wöhrle
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - Olga Suvorova
- Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhnii Novgorod, Russia
| | - Robert Gerdes
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - Oliver Bartels
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - Lukasz Lapok
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - Natalia Baziakina
- Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhnii Novgorod, Russia
| | - Serguei Makarov
- Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhnii Novgorod, Russia
| | - Aneta Slodek
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
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14
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Pia Donzello M, Viola E, Giustini M, Ercolani C, Monacelli F. Tetrakis(thiadiazole)porphyrazines. 8. Singlet oxygen production, fluorescence response and liposomal incorporation of tetrakis(thiadiazole)porphyrazine macrocycles [TTDPzM] (M = MgII(H2O), ZnII, AlIIICl, GaIIICl, CdII, CuII, 2HI). Dalton Trans 2012; 41:6112-21. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt12381a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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15
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Donzello MP, Vittori D, Viola E, Manet I, Mannina L, Cellai L, Monti S, Ercolani C. Tetra-2,3-pyrazinoporphyrazines with Externally Appended Pyridine Rings. 9. Novel Heterobimetallic Macrocycles and Related Hydrosoluble Hexacations as Potentially Active Photo/Chemotherapeutic Anticancer Agents. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:7391-402. [DOI: 10.1021/ic200498s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ilse Manet
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Luciano Cellai
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Sandra Monti
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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Photodynamic therapy and the development of metal-based photosensitisers. Met Based Drugs 2011; 2008:276109. [PMID: 18815617 PMCID: PMC2535827 DOI: 10.1155/2008/276109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2007] [Accepted: 10/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment modality that has been used in the successful treatment of a number of diseases and disorders, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), psoriasis, and certain cancers. PDT uses a combination of a selectively localised light-sensitive drug (known as a photosensitiser) and light of an appropriate wavelength. The light-activated form of the drug reacts with molecular oxygen to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and radicals; in a biological environment these toxic species can interact with cellular constituents causing biochemical disruption to the cell. If the homeostasis of the cell is altered significantly then the cell enters the process of cell death. The first photosensitiser to gain regulatory approval for clinical PDT was Photofrin. Unfortunately, Photofrin has a number of associated disadvantages, particularly pro-longed patient photosensitivity. To try and overcome these disadvantages second and third generation photosensitisers have been developed and investigated. This Review highlights the key photosensitisers investigated, with particular attention paid to the metallated and non-metallated cyclic tetrapyrrolic derivatives that have been studied in vitro and in vivo; those which have entered clinical trials; and those that are currently in use in the clinic for PDT.
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Kalarical Janardhanan S, Narayan S, Abbineni G, Hayhurst A, Mao C. Architectonics of phage-liposome nanowebs as optimized photosensitizer vehicles for photodynamic cancer therapy. Mol Cancer Ther 2010; 9:2524-35. [PMID: 20807781 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-10-0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Filamentous M13 phage can be engineered to display cancer cell-targeting or tumor-homing peptides through phage display. It would be highly desirable if the tumor-targeting phage can also carry anticancer drugs to deliver them to the cancer cells. We studied the evolution of structures of the complexes between anionic filamentous M13 phage and cationic serum-stable liposomes that encapsulate the monomeric photosensitizer zinc naphthalocyanine. At specific phage-liposome ratios, multiple phage nanofibers and liposomes are interwoven into a "nanoweb." The chemical and biological properties of the phage-liposome nanoweb were evaluated for possible application in drug delivery. This study highlights the ability of phage-liposome nanowebs to serve as efficient carriers in the transport of photosensitizers to cancer cells.
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Shirmanova M, Zagaynova E, Sirotkina M, Snopova L, Balalaeva I, Krutova I, Lekanova N, Turchin I, Orlova A, Kleshnin M. In vivo study of photosensitizer pharmacokinetics by fluorescence transillumination imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2010; 15:048004. [PMID: 20799847 DOI: 10.1117/1.3478310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The possibility of in vivo investigation of the pharmacokinetics of photosensitizers by means of fluorescence transillumination imaging is demonstrated. An animal is scanned in the transilluminative configuration by a single source and detector pair. Transillumination is chosen as an alternative approach to reflection imaging. In comparison with the traditional back-reflection technique, transillumination is preferable for photosensitizer detection due to its higher sensitivity to deep-seated fluorophores. The experiments are performed on transplantable mouse cervical carcinomas using three drugs: photosens, alasens, and fotoditazin. For quantitative evaluation of the photosensitizer concentration in tumor tissue the fluorescence signal is calibrated using tissue phantoms. We show that the kinetics of photosensitizer tumor uptake obtained by transillumination imaging in vivo agree with data of standard ex vivo methods. The described approach enables rapid and cost-effective study of newly developed photosensitizers in small animals.
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Chen X, Fernando N, McGrath DV. Frustration of Condensed Phase Aggregation of Naphthalocyanine by Dendritic Site-Isolation. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma100902m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - Nilmi Fernando
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - Dominic V. McGrath
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
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Youssef TE. Efficient green procedures for the preparation of novel tetraalkynyl-substituted phthalocyanines. Polyhedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2010.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Donzello MP, Viola E, Bergami C, Dini D, Ercolani C, Giustini M, Kadish KM, Meneghetti M, Monacelli F, Rosa A, Ricciardi G. Tetra-2,3-pyrazinoporphyrazines with Externally Appended Pyridine Rings. 6. Chemical and Redox Properties and Highly Effective Photosensitizing Activity for Singlet Oxygen Production of Penta- and Monopalladated Complexes in Dimethylformamide Solution. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:8757-66. [DOI: 10.1021/ic800678m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pia Donzello
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185, Roma, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, I-35121, Padova, Italy, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Basilicata, Via N. Sauro 85, I-85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Elisa Viola
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185, Roma, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, I-35121, Padova, Italy, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Basilicata, Via N. Sauro 85, I-85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Costanza Bergami
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185, Roma, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, I-35121, Padova, Italy, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Basilicata, Via N. Sauro 85, I-85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Danilo Dini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185, Roma, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, I-35121, Padova, Italy, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Basilicata, Via N. Sauro 85, I-85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Claudio Ercolani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185, Roma, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, I-35121, Padova, Italy, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Basilicata, Via N. Sauro 85, I-85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Mauro Giustini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185, Roma, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, I-35121, Padova, Italy, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Basilicata, Via N. Sauro 85, I-85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Karl M. Kadish
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185, Roma, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, I-35121, Padova, Italy, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Basilicata, Via N. Sauro 85, I-85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Moreno Meneghetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185, Roma, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, I-35121, Padova, Italy, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Basilicata, Via N. Sauro 85, I-85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Monacelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185, Roma, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, I-35121, Padova, Italy, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Basilicata, Via N. Sauro 85, I-85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Angela Rosa
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185, Roma, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, I-35121, Padova, Italy, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Basilicata, Via N. Sauro 85, I-85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Ricciardi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185, Roma, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, I-35121, Padova, Italy, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Basilicata, Via N. Sauro 85, I-85100, Potenza, Italy
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Serbest K, Değirmencioğlu İ, Ünver Y, Er M, Kantar C, Sancak K. Microwave-assisted synthesis and characterization and theoretical calculations of the first example of free and metallophthalocyanines from salen type Schiff base derivative bearing thiophen and triazole heterocyclic rings. J Organomet Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2007.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Burczyk A, Loupy A, Bogdal D, Petit A. Improvement in the synthesis of metallophthalocyanines using microwave irradiation. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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24
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Bonnett R. Progress with heterocyclic photosensitizers for the photodynamic therapy (PDT) of tumours. J Heterocycl Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570390303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Redmond RW, Gamlin JN. A Compilation of Singlet Oxygen Yields from Biologically Relevant Molecules. Photochem Photobiol 1999. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1999.tb08240.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 573] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ali
- MRC Group in the Radiation Sciences, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1H 5N4
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Gerdes R, Wöhrle D, Spiller W, Schneider G, Schnurpfeil G, Schulz-Ekloff G. Photo-oxidation of phenol and monochlorophenols in oxygen-saturated aqueous solutions by different photosensitizers. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-6030(97)00209-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mantareva V, Shopova M, Spassova G, Wöhrle D, Muller S, Jori G, Ricchelli F. Si(IV)-methoxyethylene-glycol-naphthalocyanine: synthesis and pharmacokinetic and photosensitizing properties in different tumour models. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 1997; 40:258-62. [PMID: 9372614 DOI: 10.1016/s1011-1344(97)00066-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A Si(IV)-naphthalocyanine bearing two methoxyethylenglycol axial ligands to the centrally coordinated metal ion (SiNc) was prepared by chemical synthesis and assayed for the phototherapeutic activity after administration in a Cremophor formulation to C57BI/6 mice bearing a subcutaneously transplanted Lewis lung carcinoma or B16 pigmented melanoma. Pharmacokinetic studies indicate that the maximal accumulation in the tumour occurs at 24 h after intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 mg kg-1 of SiNc, although the naphthalocyanine concentration in the Lewis lung carcinoma (0.70 microgram g-1) is significantly larger than that in the B16 pigmented melanoma (0.15 microgram g-1). This results in a higher selectivity of tumour targeting in the case of the lung carcinoma. Photodynamic therapy (782 nm, 370 mW cm-2, 360 J cm-2) at 24 h after SiNc injection causes an efficient tumour response for Lewis lung carcinoma (50% lower tumour diameter on day 19 post-treatment as compared to untreated controls) while the pigmented melanoma shows only a minor response regarding the rate of tumour growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Mantareva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
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