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Wu D, Zhao P, Wang C, Huasai S, Chen H, Chen A. Differences in the intestinal microbiota and association of host metabolism with hair coat status in cattle. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1296602. [PMID: 38711970 PMCID: PMC11071169 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1296602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The hair coat status of cattle serves as an easily observed indicator of economic value in livestock production; however, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to determine differences in the intestinal microbiota and metabolome of cattle based on a division of with either slick and shining (SHC) or rough and dull (MHC) hair coat in Simmental cows. Methods Eight SHC and eight MHC late-pregnancy Simmental cows (with similar parities, body weights, and body conditions) were selected based on their hair coat status, and blood samples (plasma) from coccygeal venipuncture and fecal samples from the rectum were collected. The intestinal microbiota (in the fecal samples) was characterized by employing 16S rRNA gene sequencing targeting the V3-V4 hypervariable region on the Illumina MiSeq PE300 platform, and plasma samples were subjected to LC-MS/MS-based metabolomics with Progenesis QI 2.3. Plasma macromolecular metabolites were examined for differences in the metabolism of lipids, proteins, mineral elements, and hormones. Results Notable differences between the SHC and MHC groups related to host hair coat status were observed in the host metabolome and intestinal microbiota (P < 0.05). The host metabolome was enriched in histidine metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, and purine metabolism in the SHC group, and the intestinal microbiota were also enriched in histidine metabolism (P < 0.05). In the MHC group, the symbiotic relationship transitioned from cooperation to competition in the MHC group, and an uncoupling effect was present in the microbe-metabolite association of intestine microbiota-host interactions. The hubs mediating the relationships between intestinal microbiota and plasma metabolites were the intestinal bacterial genus g__norank_f__Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group, plasma inosine, triiodothyronine, and phosphorus, which could be used to differentiate cows' hair coat status (P < 0.05). Conclusion Overall, the present study identified the relationships between the features of the intestinal microbiota and host hair coat status, thereby providing evidence and a new direction (intestine microbiota-host interplay) for future studies aimed at understanding the hair coat status of cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglin Wu
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Chunjie Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Simujide Huasai
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Hao Chen
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Aorigele Chen
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
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Gilardoni M, Léonço D, Caffin F, Gros-Désormeaux F, Eldin C, Béal D, Ouzia S, Junot C, Fenaille F, Piérard C, Douki T. Evidence for the systemic diffusion of (2-chloroethyl)-ethyl-sulfide, a sulfur mustard analog, and its deleterious effects in brain. Toxicology 2021; 462:152950. [PMID: 34534560 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur mustard, a chemical warfare agent known to be a vesicant of skin, readily diffuses in the blood stream and reaches internal organs. In the present study, we used the analog (2-chloroethyl)-ethyl-sulfide (CEES) to provide novel data on the systemic diffusion of vesicants and on their ability to induce brain damage, which result in neurological disorders. SKH-1 hairless mice were topically exposed to CEES and sacrificed at different time until 14 days after exposure. A plasma metabolomics study showed a strong systemic impact following a self-protection mechanism to alleviate the injury of CEES exposure. This result was confirmed by the quantification of specific biomarkers in plasma. Those were the conjugates of CEES with glutathione (GSH-CEES), cysteine (Cys-CEES) and N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC-CEES), as well as the guanine adduct (N7Gua-CEES). In brain, N7Gua-CEES could be detected both in DNA and in organ extracts. Similarly, GSH-CEES, Cys-CEES and NAC-CEES were present in the extracts until day14. Altogether, these results, based on novel exposure markers, confirm the ability of vesicants to induce internal damage following dermal exposure. The observation of alkylation damage to glutathione and DNA in brain provides an additional mechanism to the neurological insult of SM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Gilardoni
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Daniel Léonço
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), MetaboHUB, F-91191, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Fanny Caffin
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Place Général Valérie André, BP 73, 91223, Brétigny-sur-Orge Cedex, France
| | - Fanny Gros-Désormeaux
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Place Général Valérie André, BP 73, 91223, Brétigny-sur-Orge Cedex, France
| | - Camille Eldin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - David Béal
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Sadia Ouzia
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), MetaboHUB, F-91191, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Christophe Junot
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), MetaboHUB, F-91191, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - François Fenaille
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), MetaboHUB, F-91191, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Christophe Piérard
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Place Général Valérie André, BP 73, 91223, Brétigny-sur-Orge Cedex, France
| | - Thierry Douki
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, F-38000, Grenoble, France.
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Tang M, Gao X, Geng T, Chen X, Wang J, Shen C, Gao H, Qian M, Wang Z, Cao L, Xiao W. Metabolomics analysis of the therapeutic effects of Qiwei Tongbi oral liquid on rheumatoid arthritis in rats. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 202:114166. [PMID: 34052551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Qiwei Tongbi oral liquid (QWTB), a classical traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, has a good therapeutic effect on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and is widely used in China. To comprehensively elucidate the therapeutic mechanism of QWTB in the treatment of RA, the effects of QWTB on biomarkers and metabolic pathways in a rat model of kidney deficiency arthritis were investigated in this study. The effects of QWTB on pharmacodynamic indicators, including paw swelling, arthritis score; interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, interleukin-17 F, tumor necrosis factor-α, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b, bone alkaline phosphatase, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, bone glaprotein, urea, and creatinine levels; and histopathology, suggested that QWTB significantly improved renal function, inhibited the inflammatory response, and reduced bone loss. In total, 39 differential metabolites were screened by comparing the endogenous components between blank and model rat plasma, among which 16 metabolites were altered by QWTB. The metabolism pathway analysis revealed that α-linolenic acid metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, histidine metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism were greatly disturbed. Thus, the biomarkers investigated included (1) α-linolenic acid, (2) hippuric acid, (3) phosphatidylethanolamine (15:0/22:2(13Z,16Z)), (4) phenylpyruvic acid, (5) sphinganine, and (6) urocanic acid. QWTB affected three abnormal biomarkers: (3), (4), and (6). Phenylphruvic acid, sphinganine and urocanic acid were significantly associated with pharmacodynamic indicators, as shown by Pearson correlation analysis. These results indicated that RA-related biomarkers had certain reliability and biological significance. In summary, QWTB regulated the metabolic disorders in rats with RA. Its therapeutic mechanism may involve the regulation of phenylalanine metabolism, histidine metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism. The results of this study are useful for understanding the therapeutic mechanisms of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Tang
- Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 210017, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New-Tech for Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, 222001, China; National Enterprise Technology Center, National Post-Doctoral Research Workstation, Jiangsu Enterprise Academician Workstation, Lianyungang, 222001, China; China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 210017, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New-Tech for Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, 222001, China; National Enterprise Technology Center, National Post-Doctoral Research Workstation, Jiangsu Enterprise Academician Workstation, Lianyungang, 222001, China
| | - Ting Geng
- Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 210017, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New-Tech for Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, 222001, China; National Enterprise Technology Center, National Post-Doctoral Research Workstation, Jiangsu Enterprise Academician Workstation, Lianyungang, 222001, China.
| | - Xialin Chen
- Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 210017, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New-Tech for Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, 222001, China; National Enterprise Technology Center, National Post-Doctoral Research Workstation, Jiangsu Enterprise Academician Workstation, Lianyungang, 222001, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 210017, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New-Tech for Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, 222001, China; National Enterprise Technology Center, National Post-Doctoral Research Workstation, Jiangsu Enterprise Academician Workstation, Lianyungang, 222001, China
| | - Canjie Shen
- Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 210017, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New-Tech for Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, 222001, China; National Enterprise Technology Center, National Post-Doctoral Research Workstation, Jiangsu Enterprise Academician Workstation, Lianyungang, 222001, China; China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Huifang Gao
- Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 210017, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New-Tech for Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, 222001, China; National Enterprise Technology Center, National Post-Doctoral Research Workstation, Jiangsu Enterprise Academician Workstation, Lianyungang, 222001, China
| | - Mengyu Qian
- Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 210017, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New-Tech for Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, 222001, China; National Enterprise Technology Center, National Post-Doctoral Research Workstation, Jiangsu Enterprise Academician Workstation, Lianyungang, 222001, China
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 210017, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New-Tech for Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, 222001, China; National Enterprise Technology Center, National Post-Doctoral Research Workstation, Jiangsu Enterprise Academician Workstation, Lianyungang, 222001, China
| | - Liang Cao
- Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 210017, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New-Tech for Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, 222001, China; National Enterprise Technology Center, National Post-Doctoral Research Workstation, Jiangsu Enterprise Academician Workstation, Lianyungang, 222001, China.
| | - Wei Xiao
- Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 210017, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New-Tech for Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, 222001, China; National Enterprise Technology Center, National Post-Doctoral Research Workstation, Jiangsu Enterprise Academician Workstation, Lianyungang, 222001, China.
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Holeček M. Histidine in Health and Disease: Metabolism, Physiological Importance, and Use as a Supplement. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030848. [PMID: 32235743 PMCID: PMC7146355 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
L-histidine (HIS) is an essential amino acid with unique roles in proton buffering, metal ion chelation, scavenging of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, erythropoiesis, and the histaminergic system. Several HIS-rich proteins (e.g., haemoproteins, HIS-rich glycoproteins, histatins, HIS-rich calcium-binding protein, and filaggrin), HIS-containing dipeptides (particularly carnosine), and methyl- and sulphur-containing derivatives of HIS (3-methylhistidine, 1-methylhistidine, and ergothioneine) have specific functions. The unique chemical properties and physiological functions are the basis of the theoretical rationale to suggest HIS supplementation in a wide range of conditions. Several decades of experience have confirmed the effectiveness of HIS as a component of solutions used for organ preservation and myocardial protection in cardiac surgery. Further studies are needed to elucidate the effects of HIS supplementation on neurological disorders, atopic dermatitis, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, uraemic anaemia, ulcers, inflammatory bowel diseases, malignancies, and muscle performance during strenuous exercise. Signs of toxicity, mutagenic activity, and allergic reactions or peptic ulcers have not been reported, although HIS is a histamine precursor. Of concern should be findings of hepatic enlargement and increases in ammonia and glutamine and of decrease in branched-chain amino acids (valine, leucine, and isoleucine) in blood plasma indicating that HIS supplementation is inappropriate in patients with liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Holeček
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Šimkova 870, 500 38 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Guo Y, Wang Y, Shi X, Qin W, Zhang X, Xu J, Liu X, Yang D, Yang Y. A metabolomics study on the immunosuppressive effect of Tripterygium hypoglaucum (Levl.) Hutch in mice: The discovery of pathway differences in serum metabolites. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 483:94-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Sun L, Zhang H, Fan Y, Guo Y, Zhang G, Nie H, Wang F. Metabolomic profiling in umbilical venous plasma reveals effects of dietary rumen-protected arginine or N-carbamylglutamate supplementation in nutrient-restricted Hu sheep during pregnancy. Reprod Domest Anim 2017; 52:376-388. [PMID: 28220550 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Maternal nutrient restriction during pregnancy is a major problem worldwide for human and animal production. Arginine (Arg) is critical to health, growth and reproduction. N-carbamylglutamate (NCG), a key enzyme in arginine synthesis, is not extensively degraded in rumen. The aim of this study was to investigate ameliorating effects of rumen-protected arginine (RP-Arg) and NCG supplementation on dietary in undernourished Hu sheep during gestation. From day 35 to 110 of gestation, 32 Hu ewes carrying twin foetuses were randomly divided into four groups: a control (CG) group (n = 8; fed 100% National Research Council (NRC) requirements for pregnant sheep), a nutrient-restricted (RG) group (n = 8; fed 50% NRC requirements, which included 50% mineral-vitamin mixture) and two treatment (Arg and NCG) groups (n = 8; fed 50% NRC requirements supplemented with 20 g/day RP-Arg or 5 g/day NCG, which included 50% mineral-vitamin mixture). The umbilical venous plasma samples of foetus were tested by 1 H-nuclear magnetic resonance. Thirty-two differential metabolites were identified, indicating altered metabolic pathways of amino acid, carbohydrate and energy, lipids and oxidative stress metabolism among the four groups. Our results demonstrate that the beneficial effect of dietary RP-Arg and NCG supplementation on mammalian reproduction is associated with complex metabolic networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sun
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Meat Sheep & Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - H Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Meat Sheep & Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Y Fan
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Meat Sheep & Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Y Guo
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Meat Sheep & Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - G Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Meat Sheep & Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - H Nie
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Meat Sheep & Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - F Wang
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Meat Sheep & Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Sieira R. Regulation of virulence in Brucella: an eclectic repertoire of transcription factors defines the complex architecture of the virB promoter. Future Microbiol 2013; 8:1193-208. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb.13.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Many intracellular bacterial pathogens use type IV secretion systems to deliver effector molecules and subvert the eukaryotic host cell defenses. The genus Brucella comprises facultative intracellular bacteria that cause brucellosis, a disease affecting a wide range of mammals including humans. The virB operon codes for a type IV secretion system that plays a central role in intracellular survival and replication of Brucella within the host. Expression of the virB genes is under the control of various transcription factors that allow this system to respond to different types of environmental signals, and display binding site structures and arrangements that define the intrinsic complexity of the virB promoter. This review focuses on summarizing the current state of research concerning regulation of the Brucella virB operon, with special emphasis on describing the nature and function of the implicated regulatory elements and examining the involved protein–DNA interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Sieira
- Fundación Instituto Leloir-IIBBA-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
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8
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Yao L, Li Y, Gohel MDI, Chung WJ. The effects of pajama fabrics' water absorption properties on the stratum corneum under mildly cold conditions. J Am Acad Dermatol 2010; 64:e29-36. [PMID: 21075479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2009.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2009] [Revised: 12/16/2009] [Accepted: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interaction of textiles with the skin is a fertile area for research. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of clothing fabric on the stratum corneum (SC) under mildly cold conditions. METHODS A longitudinal controlled parallel study was designed to investigate the effects of the liquid/moisture absorption properties of pajama fabrics on the SC water content, transepidermal water loss, skin surface acidity (pH), and sebum. RESULTS The hygroscopicity of pajama fabrics had significant associations with the SC water content and transepidermal water loss on the skin of the volunteers' backs. Sebum in the hydrophilic cotton group was slightly lower than in the polyester groups and hydrophobic cotton groups. Subjects felt warmer in the hydrophobic groups than in the hydrophilic groups. The hydrophilicity of the fabric also showed an association with overnight urinary free catecholamines. LIMITATIONS In this study, detailed components of sebum were not analyzed. CONCLUSIONS The hygroscopicity of the fabric may be a key factor influencing SC hydration during daily wear under mildly cold conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yao
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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Gibbs NK, Tye J, Norval M. Recent advances in urocanic acid photochemistry, photobiology and photoimmunology. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2008; 7:655-67. [PMID: 18528548 DOI: 10.1039/b717398a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Urocanic acid (UCA), produced in the upper layers of mammalian skin, is a major absorber of ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Originally thought to be a 'natural sunscreen', studies conducted a quarter of a century ago proposed that UCA may be a chromophore for the immunosuppression that follows exposure to UVR. With its intriguing photochemistry, its role in immunosuppression and skin cancer development, and skin barrier function, UCA continues to be the subject of intense research effort. This review summarises the photochemical, photobiological and photoimmunological findings regarding UCA, published since 1998.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil K Gibbs
- Dermatological Sciences, University of Manchester Medical School, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK M13 9PT.
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Dmitrenko O, Reischl W, Bach RD, Spanget-Larsen J. TD-DFT Computational Insight into the Origin of Wavelength-Dependent E/Z Photoisomerization of Urocanic Acid. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0499530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Dmitrenko
- Brown Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, and Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Roskilde University, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Wolfgang Reischl
- Brown Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, and Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Roskilde University, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Robert D. Bach
- Brown Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, and Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Roskilde University, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jens Spanget-Larsen
- Brown Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, and Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Roskilde University, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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Hug DH, Hunter JK, Dunkerson DD. Speculation on a role for photoimmunosuppression during space missions. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2001; 60:61-5. [PMID: 11386682 DOI: 10.1016/s1011-1344(00)00147-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D H Hug
- Bacteriology Research Laboratory, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, 52246 USA.
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Hug DH, Dunkerson DD, Hunter JK. The degradation of L-histidine and trans- and cis-urocanic acid by bacteria from skin and the role of bacterial cis-urocanic acid isomerase. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 1999; 50:66-73. [PMID: 10443033 DOI: 10.1016/s1011-1344(99)00072-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
UV-B radiation suppresses cell-mediated immunity. Histidine forms trans-urocanic acid (trans-UCA) enzymatically in the stratum corneum. Photoisomerization of trans-UCA to cis-urocanic acid (cis-UCA) has been proposed for the initiation of an immunosuppressive process. Many microorganisms described in the literature metabolize histidine and/or trans-UCA. Our enrichment cultures of soil and sewage contain organisms that can degrade cis-UCA. We have tested microorganisms for degradation of cis-UCA, trans-UCA, or L-histidine when they are incorporated at 0.2% in nutrient broth. Six out of 10 selected genera isolated by our clinical microbiology laboratory degrade one or more of the imidazole substrates. We have cultured over 60 aerobic isolates from human skin. Of these, 33 degrade one or more of the three imidazole substrates and 12 degrade cis-UCA. Isolates from BALB/c mice are also active on cis-UCA. We have identified a cis-UCA-degrading bacterium as Micrococcus luteus. Four ATCC strains of M. luteus have been tested and three are active on histidine or trans-UCA; two are active on cis-UCA. Micrococci that degrade cis-UCA contain a new enzyme, cis-UCA isomerase, which converts the substrate to the trans-isomer. This enzyme provides access to the classical L-histidine degradation pathway. We hypothesize that an epidermal microflora that degrades L-histidine, trans-UCA, or cis-UCA influences the concentration of urocanic acids on the skin and, thus, affects immune suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Hug
- Bacteriology Research Laboratory, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City 52246, USA
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Hug DH, Hunter JK, Dunkerson DD. The potential role for urocanic acid and sunlight in the immune suppression associated with protein malnutrition. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 1998; 44:117-23. [PMID: 9757593 DOI: 10.1016/s1011-1344(98)00130-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Irradiation of skin by sunlight or ultraviolet B (UVB, 290-320 nm) brings about a downregulation of cell-mediated immunity. An action spectrum for photoimmune suppression in mice indicates that trans-urocanic acid absorbs UV photons and is isomerized to the cis-isomer in the stratum corneum. Cis-urocanic acid is subsequently shown to suppress cellular immunity in mice. When histidine is elevated in a mouse diet, a higher level of urocanic acid is detected in mouse skin. These mice are more susceptible to photoimmune suppression. There is evidence that humans and animals experiencing protein malnutrition have very high levels of urocanic acid and/or histidine. Urocanic acid is formed by deamination of histidine in one enzymatic step. We discuss the protein malnutrition of kwashiorkor patients. They experience suppressed immunity and disturbed histidine metabolism. Here, we present a testable hypothesis: one cause of the immune deficiency observed in humans with protein malnutrition is the photoconversion by UVB of increased levels of trans-urocanic acid in skin to cis-urocanic acid, which suppresses the cellular immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Hug
- Bacteriology Research Laboratory, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
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