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Guan L, Zhao J, Sun W, Deng W, Wang L. Meso-Substituted Thiazole Orange for Selective Fluorescence Detection to G-Quadruplex DNA and Molecular Docking Simulation. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:26056-26062. [PMID: 33073132 PMCID: PMC7557940 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The cyanine dye thiazole orange (TO, including 2TO and 4TO) is widely used as a light-up fluorescent probe upon binding to almost all forms of DNA, but it exhibits poor selectivity for recognizing G-quadruplex DNA (G-DNA), which has significant biological functions in biological processes and therapeutic applications. Here, introducing benzyl substituent to the meso position of the methine chain of 2TO is expected to selectively recognize G-DNA. The spectroscopic titrations reveal that modified 2TO (meso-Bn-2TO) has almost no background fluorescence in solution and shows a preference to bind with G-DNA over ssDNA, dsDNA, and ct-DNA. Specifically, meso-Bn-2TO 1a displays a strong fluorescent signal upon interaction with G-DNA and a very weak fluorescent signal upon interaction with ssDNA, dsDNA, and ct-DNA, displaying considerable selectivity for G-DNA. However, parent 2TO all gives a fluorescent signal in G-DNA, dsDNA, and ct-DNA. The fluorescence intensity of 1a increases nearly 80-162 times when bound with different G-DNA. The binding constants of 1a and 2TO to G-DNA htg22 are 3.16 and 1.52 μM, respectively. Molecular docking study of 1a and 2TO with different DNA reveals that introducing benzyl substituent to the meso position methine chain of 2TO alters the planarity of the chromophore, thus enhancing the interactions with G-DNA and weakening the interactions with duplex DNA and therefore realizing selective detection to G-DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Guan
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an
University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, P. R. China
| | - Junlong Zhao
- Key
Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry
of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry
Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- Key
Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry
of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry
Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Wenting Deng
- Key
Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry
of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry
Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Lanying Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry
of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry
Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, P. R. China
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2
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Non-cytotoxic photostable monomethine cyanine platforms: Combined paradigm of nucleic acid staining and in vivo imaging. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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3
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Jin M, Liu X, Zhang X, Wang L, Bing T, Zhang N, Zhang Y, Shangguan D. Thiazole Orange-Modified Carbon Dots for Ratiometric Fluorescence Detection of G-Quadruplex and Double-Stranded DNA. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:25166-25173. [PMID: 29979027 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b07869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A new carbon dot (CD)-based nanoprobe for the ratiometric fluorescence detection of DNA was constructed in this work. Thiazole orange (TO), a specific organic small molecular probe toward DNA, is covalently linked to the surface of CDs, acting as the recognition element and the fluorescence response unit. In the absence of DNA, the nanoprobe only emitted the blue fluorescence of CDs, whereas TO was almost nonfluorescent. Upon addition of DNA, a turn-on emission at 530 nm appeared and gradually enhanced along with the increasing of the target DNA, whereas the fluorescence of CDs was unchanged, which realized the ratiometric detection of the target DNA. The CD-TO nanoprobe showed good selectivity to parallel G-quadruplex (G4) and double-stranded (ds) DNA over antiparallel G4 and single-stranded DNA. Moreover, the ratiometric fluorescence nanoprobe exhibited high sensitivity for ssab (a dsDNA) and c-myc (a parallel G4) with a low detection limit of 0.90 and 3.31 nM, respectively. Additionally, the G4/hemin peroxidase activity inhibition experiment demonstrated that CD-TO bound to the G4s through the end-stacking mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , China
| | - Xiangjun Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Tao Bing
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Yun Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , China
| | - Dihua Shangguan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
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4
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Park CK, Hong SK, Kim YH, Cho H. Nucleic Acid-Binding Fluorochromes and Nanoparticles: Structural Aspects of Binding Affinity and Fluorescence Intensity. Macromol Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-018-6053-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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5
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Rossi F, Ferrari R, Castiglione F, Mele A, Perale G, Moscatelli D. Polymer hydrogel functionalized with biodegradable nanoparticles as composite system for controlled drug delivery. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:015602. [PMID: 25490351 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/1/015602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The possibility to direct pharmacological treatments targeting specific cell lines using polymer nanoparticles is one of the main novelties and perspectives in nanomedicine. However, sometimes, the ability to maintain NPs localized at the site of the injection that work as a drug reservoir can represent a good and complementary option. In this direction we built a composite material made of polymeric hydrogel functionalized with polymer NPs. ϵ-caprolactone and polyethylene glycol have been copolymerized in a two-step synthesis of PEGylated NPs, while hydrogel was synthesized through polycondensation between NPs, agarose and branched polyacrylic acid. NP functionalization was verified with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high resolution magic angle spinning-nuclear magnetic resonance (HRMAS-NMR) spectroscopy and release kinetics from a hydrogel matrix and compared with NPs only physically entrapped into a hydrogel matrix. The characteristics of the resulting composite hydrogel-NPs system were studied both in terms of rheological properties and in its ability to sustain the release of To-Pro3, used as a drug mimetic compound to represent a promising drug delivery device.
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6
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Cho H, Alcantara D, Yuan H, Sheth RA, Chen HH, Huang P, Andersson SB, Sosnovik DE, Mahmood U, Josephson L. Fluorochrome-functionalized nanoparticles for imaging DNA in biological systems. ACS NANO 2013; 7:2032-41. [PMID: 23373524 PMCID: PMC3800685 DOI: 10.1021/nn305962n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Attaching DNA binding fluorochromes to nanoparticles (NPs) provides a way of obtaining NPs that bind to DNA through fluorochrome mediated interactions. To obtain a nanoparticle (NP) that bound to the DNA in biological systems, we attached the DNA binding fluorochrome, TO-PRO 1 (TO), to the surface of the Feraheme (FH) NP, to obtain a fluorochrome-functionalized NP denoted TO-FH. When reacted with DNA in vitro, TO-FH formed microaggregates that were characterized by fluorescence, light scattering, and T2 changes. The formation of DNA/TO-FH microaggregates was also characterized by AFM, with microaggregates exhibiting a median size of 200 nm, and consisting of DNA and multiple TO-FH NPs whose individual diameters were only 25-35 nm. TO-FH failed to bind normal cells in culture, but treatment with chemotherapeutic agents or detergents yielded necrotic cells that bound TO-FH and vital fluorochromes similarly. The uptake of TO-FH by HT-29 xenografts (treated with 5-FU and oxaliplatin) was evident by surface fluorescence and MRI. Attaching multiple DNA binding fluorochromes to magnetic nanoparticles provides a way of generating DNA binding NPs that can be used to detect DNA detection by microaggregate formation in vitro, for imaging the DNA of necrotic cells in culture, and for imaging the DNA of a tumor treated with a chemotherapeutic agent. Fluorochrome functionalized NPs are a multimodal (magnetic and fluorescent), highly multivalent (n ≈ 10 fluorochromes/NP) nanomaterials useful for imaging the DNA of biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoonsung Cho
- Center for Translational Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - David Alcantara
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragon, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Hushan Yuan
- Center for Translational Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Rahul A. Sheth
- Division of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Howard H. Chen
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Sean B. Andersson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Division of Systems Engineering, Boston University, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - David E. Sosnovik
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Umar Mahmood
- Center for Translational Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
- Division of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Lee Josephson
- Center for Translational Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
- Address correspondence to
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7
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Alcantara D, Guo Y, Yuan H, Goergen CJ, Chen HH, Cho H, Sosnovik DE, Josephson L. Fluorochrome-Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles for High-Sensitivity Monitoring of the Polymerase Chain Reaction by Magnetic Resonance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201201661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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8
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Alcantara D, Guo Y, Yuan H, Goergen CJ, Chen HH, Cho H, Sosnovik DE, Josephson L. Fluorochrome-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles for high-sensitivity monitoring of the polymerase chain reaction by magnetic resonance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:6904-7. [PMID: 22684680 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201201661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Easy to find: magnetic nanoparticles bearing fluorochromes (red) that intercalate with DNA (green) form microaggregates with DNA generated by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These aggregates can be detected at low cycle numbers by magnetic resonance (MR).
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Affiliation(s)
- David Alcantara
- Center for Translational Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, 02129, USA
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9
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A fluorescent molecular switch for room temperature operation based on oligonucleotide hybridization without labeling of probes or targets. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 750:182-90. [PMID: 23062439 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A molecular switch was prepared by self-assembly. Neutravidin served as a template that allowed for a biotinylated probe oligonucleotide to be placed adjacent to a biotinylated long-chain linker that was terminated with thiazole orange (TO). Hybridization of probe oligonucleotide with target to form double-stranded DNA resulted in intercalation of the adjacent TO probe. This was a reversible process that could be tracked by fluorescence intensity changes. Formamide was used as a denaturant for double-stranded DNA, and could be used to depress thermal denaturation temperatures. In this work formamide had a dual function, providing for control of hybridization selectivity at room temperature, while concurrently ameliorating non-specific adsorption to improve signal-to-noise when using thiazole orange as a fluorescence signalling agent to determine oligonucleotide hybridization. Room temperature single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) discrimination for oligonucleotide targets was achieved both in solution and for molecular switches that were immobilized onto optical fibers. In solution, a concentration of 18.5% formamide provided greater than 40-fold signal difference between single-stranded DNA and double-stranded DNA, in contrast to only a 2-fold difference in the absence of formamide. Selectivity for SNP determination in solution was demonstrated using targets of varying lengths including a 141-base PCR amplicon. The improved signal-to-noise achieved by use of formamide is likely due to preferential displacement of dye molecules that are otherwise electrostatically bound to the polyanionic nucleic acid backbone.
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10
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Perale G, Rossi F, Santoro M, Peviani M, Papa S, Llupi D, Torriani P, Micotti E, Previdi S, Cervo L, Sundström E, Boccaccini AR, Masi M, Forloni G, Veglianese P. Multiple drug delivery hydrogel system for spinal cord injury repair strategies. J Control Release 2011; 159:271-80. [PMID: 22227024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Revised: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The multifactorial pathological progress of spinal cord injury (SCI) is probably the main reason behind the absence of efficient therapeutic approaches. Hence, very recent highlights suggest the use of new multidrug delivery systems capable of local controlled release of therapeutic agents. In this work, a biocompatible hydrogel-based system was developed as multiple drug delivery tool, specifically designed for SCI repair strategies. Multiple release profiles were achieved by loading gel with a combination of low and high steric hindrance molecules. In vitro, in vivo and ex vivo release studies showed an independent combination of fast diffusion-controlled kinetics for smaller molecules together with slow diffusion-controlled kinetics for bigger ones. A preserved functionality of loaded substances was always achieved, confirming the absence of any chemical stable interactions between gel matrix and loaded molecules. Moreover, the relevant effect of the cerebrospinal fluid flux dynamics on the drug diffusion in the spinal cord tissue was here revealed for the first time: an oriented delivery of the released molecules in the spinal cord tract caudally to the gel site is demonstrated, thus suggesting a more efficient gel positioning rostrally to the lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Perale
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering Giulio Natta, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy
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11
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Huang S, Chen HH, Yuan H, Dai G, Schuhle DT, Mekkaoui C, Ngoy S, Liao R, Caravan P, Josephson L, Sosnovik DE. Molecular MRI of acute necrosis with a novel DNA-binding gadolinium chelate: kinetics of cell death and clearance in infarcted myocardium. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2011; 4:729-37. [PMID: 21836081 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.111.966374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current techniques to image cell death in the myocardium are largely nonspecific. We report the use of a novel DNA-binding gadolinium chelate (Gd-TO) to specifically detect the exposed DNA in acutely necrotic (ruptured) cells in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS In vivo MRI was performed in 20 mice with myocardial infarction (MI). The mice were injected with Gd-TO or Gd-DTPA at varying time points after MI. MRI was performed 2 hours after probe injection, to avoid nonspecific signal from the late gadolinium enhancement effect. Cell rupture (Gd-TO uptake) was present within 2 hours of infarction but peaked 9 to 18 hours after the onset of injury. A significant increase in the longitudinal relaxation rate (R(1)) in the infarct was seen in mice injected with Gd-TO within 48 hours of MI, but not in those injected more than 72 hours after MI (R(1)=1.24±0.08 and 0.92±0.03 s(-1), respectively, P<0.001). Gd-DTPA, unlike Gd-TO, washed completely out of acute infarcts within 2 hours of injection (P<0.001). The binding of Gd-TO to exposed DNA in acute infarcts was confirmed with fluorescence microscopy. CONCLUSIONS Gd-TO specifically binds to acutely necrotic cells and can be used to image the mechanism and chronicity of cell death in injured myocardium. Cell rupture in acute MI begins early but peaks many hours after the onset of injury. The ruptured cells are efficiently cleared by the immune system and are no longer present in the myocardium 72 hours after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuning Huang
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Vassilev A, Dikova I, Deligeorgiev T, Drexhage K. Quaternization of N‐Heterocycles with Propylene Oxide and Epichlorohydrin. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2011. [DOI: 10.1081/scc-200025601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey Vassilev
- a Faculty of Chemistry , University of Sofia , 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivanka Dikova
- a Faculty of Chemistry , University of Sofia , 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Karl‐Heinz Drexhage
- b Department of Chemistry , University of Siegen, Institute of Physical Chemistry , Siegen, Germany
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13
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Towards a fluorescent molecular switch for nucleic acid biosensing. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 398:1605-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3794-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2010] [Accepted: 04/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Baldridge A, Solntsev KM, Song C, Tanioka T, Kowalik J, Hardcastle K, Tolbert LM. Inhibition of twisting of a green fluorescent protein-like chromophore by metal complexation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:5686-8. [DOI: 10.1039/b927313a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Renard BL, Lartia R, Asseline U. Targeting DNA with "light-up" pyrimidine triple-helical forming oligonucleotides conjugated to stabilizing fluorophores (LU-TFOs). Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:4413-25. [PMID: 19005602 DOI: 10.1039/b813289e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of triple-helix-forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) linked to a series of cyanine monomethines has been performed. Eight cyanines including one thiocyanine, four thiazole orange analogues, and three quinocyanines were attached to the 5'-end of 10-mer pyrimidine TFOs. The binding properties of these modified TFOs with their double-stranded DNA target were studied by absorption and steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy. The stability of the triplex structures depended on the cyanine structure and the linker size used to connect both entities. The most efficient cyanines able to stabilize the triplex structures, when attached at the 5'-end of the TFO, have been incorporated at both ends and provided triplex structures with increased stability. Fluorescence studies have shown that for the TFOs involving one cyanine, an important intensity increase (up to 37-fold) in the fluorescent signal was observed upon their hybridization with the double-stranded target, proving hybridization. The conjugates involving thiazole orange attached by the benzothiazole ring provided the most balanced properties in terms of triplex stabilization, fluorescence intensity and fluorescence enhancement upon hybridization with the double-stranded target. In order to test the influence of different parameters such as the TFO sequence and length, thiazole orange was used to label 17-mer TFOs. Hybridizations of these TFOs with different duplexes, designed to study the influence of mismatches at both internal and terminal positions on the triplex structures, confirmed the possibility of triplex formation without loss of specificity together with a strong fluorescence enhancement (up to 13-fold).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice-Loïc Renard
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, affiliated with the University of Orléans and INSERM, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans Cedex 02, France
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16
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Liu B, Bazan GC. Energy Transfer Between a Cationic-Conjugated Poly(fluorene-co-phenylene) and Thiazole Orange for DNA Hybridization Detection Involving G-Rich Sequences. Macromol Rapid Commun 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200700344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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17
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Privat E, Melvin T, Mérola F, Schweizer G, Prodhomme S, Asseline U, Vigny P. Fluorescent Properties of Oligonucleotide-conjugated Thiazole Orange Probes¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2002)0750201fpooct2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Privat E, Melvin T, Asseline U, Vigny P. Oligonucleotide-conjugated Thiazole Orange Probes as “Light-up” Probes for Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Molecules in Living Cells¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2001)0740532octopa2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Jarikote DV, Krebs N, Tannert S, Röder B, Seitz O. Exploring base-pair-specific optical properties of the DNA stain thiazole orange. Chemistry 2007; 13:300-10. [PMID: 17024704 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200600699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Double-stranded DNA offers multiple binding sites to DNA stains. Measurements of noncovalently bound dye-nucleic acid complexes are, necessarily, measurements of an ensemble of chromophores. Thus, it is difficult to assign fluorescence properties to base-pair-specific binding modes of cyanine dyes or, vice versa, to obtain information about the local environment of cyanines in nucleic acids by using optical spectroscopy. The feasibility to stain DNA and simultaneously probe local perturbations by optical spectroscopy would be a valuable asset to nucleic acid research. So-called FIT probes (forced intercalation probes) were used to pinpoint the location of the DNA stain thiazole orange (TO) in PNADNA duplexes. A detailed analysis of the base-pair dependence of optical properties is provided and enforced binding of TO is compared with "classical" binding of free TO-PRO1. UV-visible absorbance, circular dichroism (CD) and fluorescence spectroscopy, and melting-curve analyses confirmed site-specific TO intercalation. Thiazole orange exhibited base-specific responses that are not observed in noncovalent dye-nucleic acid complexes, such as an extraordinary dependence of the TO extinction coefficient (+/-60 % variation of the averaged epsilon(max) of 57,000 M(-1) cm(-1)) on nearest-neighbor base pairs. TO signals hybridization, as shown by increases in the steady-state fluorescence emission. Studies of TO fluorescence lifetimes in FIT-PNA and in DNADNA and PNADNA complexes highlighted four different fluorescence-decay processes that may be closed or opened in response to matched or single-mismatched hybridization. A very fast decay process (0.04-0.07 ns) and a slow decay process (2.33-3.95 ns) provide reliable monitors of hybridization, and the opening of a fast decay channel (0.22-0.48 ns) that resulted in an attenuation of the fluorescence emission is observed upon the formation of mismatched base pairs.
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20
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Lartia R, Asseline U. New cyanine-oligonucleotide conjugates: relationships between chemical structures and properties. Chemistry 2006; 12:2270-81. [PMID: 16419140 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200500908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Because the influence of the chemical structure of monomethine cyanine-oligo-2'-deoxyribonucleotide (ODN) conjugates on their binding and fluorescence properties has remained largely undetermined, we synthesized and studied a wide range of conjugates with various structural patterns. Different cyanine dyes such as thiocyanine, quinocyanine, and thiazole orange isomers were obtained. In the case of unsymmetrical cyanines, the linker was attached to either the quinoline or the benzothiazole nucleus. The influence of the ODN counterpart was evaluated by linking the cyanines to the 5'-end or to an internucleotidic phosphate. In the first case, the influence of neighboring nucleic bases was studied, whereas in the second, the stereochemical configuration at the phosphorus atom bearing the cyanine was investigated. We report here on relationships between the structures of the dyes and conjugates and some of their properties, such as the stability and fluorescence changes observed on their hybridization with the target sequence. This study provides useful information towards the design of ODN-cyanine conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Lartia
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301 affiliated with the University of Orléans and with INSERM, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orleans Cedex 02, France
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Algar WR, Massey M, Krull UJ. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer and complex formation between thiazole orange and various dye-DNA conjugates: implications in signaling nucleic acid hybridization. J Fluoresc 2006; 16:555-67. [PMID: 16794869 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-006-0091-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2006] [Accepted: 03/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) was investigated between the intercalating dye thiazole orange (TO), and the dyes Cyanine 3 (Cy3), Cyanine 5 (Cy5), Carboxytetramethyl Rhodamine (TAMRA), Iowa Black FQ (IabFQ), and Iowa Black RQ (IabRQ), which were covalently immobilized at the end of dsDNA oligonucleotides. In addition to determining that TO was an effective energy donor, FRET efficiency data obtained from fluorescence lifetime measurements indicated that TO intercalated near the middle of the 19mer oligonucleotide sequence that was used in this study. Discrepancies in FRET efficiencies obtained from intensity and lifetime measurements led to the investigation of non-fluorescent complex formation between TAMRA and modified TO. The hydrophobicity of TO was modified by the addition of either an alkyl or polyethylene glycol (PEG) side-chain to study effects of dimer and aggregate formation. It was found that at stoichiometric excesses of modified TO, fluorescence quenching of TAMRA was observed, and that this could be correlated to the hydrophobicity of a TO-chain species. The TAMRA:TO-chain association constant for the TO-alkyl system was 0.043+/-0.002 M(-1), while that obtained for the TO-PEG was 0.037+/-0.002 M(-1). From the perspective of method development for the transduction of hybridization events, we present and evaluate a variety of schemes based on energy transfer between TO and an acceptor dye, and discuss the implications of complex formation in such schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Russ Algar
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto at Mississauga, South Building, Room 2035, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
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Asseline U, Chassignol M, Aubert Y, Roig V. Detection of terminal mismatches on DNA duplexes with fluorescent oligonucleotides. Org Biomol Chem 2006; 4:1949-57. [PMID: 16688340 DOI: 10.1039/b602262f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the design of terminal-mismatch discriminating fluorescent oligonucleotides (TMDFOs). The method is based on the use of sets of oligo-2'-deoxyribonucleotide probes linked via their 5'-ends, and varying-sized flexible polymethylene chains, to thiazole orange, with the linker being attached to the benzothiazole moiety. The sequence of each set of labelled probes was identical and complementary to the sequence to be analyzed on the single-stranded nucleic acid target except at the interrogation position, located at the 5'-end of the probes in a position adjacent to the attachment site of the label, where each of the four nucleic bases were incorporated. This work allowed the selection of probes showing, upon their hybridization with the target sequence, good discrimination between the matched and the mismatched duplexes under non-stringent conditions, with the mismatched duplexes being more fluorescent than the perfectly matched ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulysse Asseline
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire CNRS. UPR 4301, affiliated with the University of Orléans and with INSERM, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071, Orléans Cedex 02, France.
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Privat E, Melvin T, Mérola F, Schweizer G, Prodhomme S, Asseline U, Vigny P. Fluorescent properties of oligonucleotide-conjugated thiazole orange probes. Photochem Photobiol 2002; 75:201-10. [PMID: 11950085 DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2002)075<0201:fpooct>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The fluorescence properties of thiazole orange, linked via a (1) hydrophobic alkyl or a (2) hydrophilic ethylene glycol chain to the central internucleotidic phosphate group of a pentadeca-2'-deoxyriboadenylate (dA15), are evaluated. Linkage at the phosphate group yields two stereoisomers, S-isomer of the phosphorus chiral center (Sp) and R-isomer of the phosphorus chiral center (Rp); these are studied separately. The character of the linkage chain and the chirality of the internucleotidic phosphate linkage site influence the fluorescent properties of these thiazole orange-oligonucleotide conjugates (TO-probes). Quantum yields of fluorescence (phifl) of between 0.04 and 0.07 were determined for the single-stranded conjugates. The fluorescence yield increased by up to five times upon hybridization with the complementary sequence (d5'[CACT15CAC3']); (phifl values of between 0.06-0.35 were determined for the double-stranded conjugates. The phifl value (0.17) of thiazole orange, 1-(N,N'-trimethylaminopropyl)-4-[3-methyl-2,3-dihydro-(benzo-1,3-thiazole)-2-methylidene]-quinolinium iodide (TO-Pro 1) in the presence of the oligonucleotide duplex (TO-Pro 1: dA15.d5'[CACT15CAC3'] (1:1)) is much less than that for some of the hybrids of the conjugates. Our studies, using steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence experiments, show that a number of discrete fluorescent association species between the thiazole orange and the helix are formed. Time-resolved studies on the four double-stranded TO-probes revealed that the fluorescent oligonucleotide-thiazole orange complexes are common, only the distribution of the species varies with the character of the chain and the chirality at the internucleotidic phosphate site. Those TO-probes in which the isomeric structure of the phosphate-chain linkage is Rp, and therefore such that the fluorophore is directed toward the minor groove, have higher phifl values than the Sp isomer. Of the systems studied, thiazole orange linked by an alkyl chain to the internucleotidic phosphate (Rp isomer) has the highest phifl and the greatest fraction of the longest-lived fluorescent thiazole orange species (in the hybrid form).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Privat
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, conventionné avec l'Université d'Orleans et affilié a l'INSERM, Orleans, France
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Privat E, Melvin T, Asseline U, Vigny P. Oligonucleotide-conjugated thiazole orange probes as "light-up" probes for messenger ribonucleic acid molecules in living cells. Photochem Photobiol 2001; 74:532-41. [PMID: 11683032 DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2001)074<0532:octopa>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
"Light-up" probes, icosa-alpha-thymidylate-thiazole orange conjugates, for the in situ time-resolved detection of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) in living cells are evaluated. Upon annealing with polyA in aqueous solutions, the icosa-alpha-thymidylate-thiazole orange conjugates were shown to be up to 15 times more fluorescent. Microinjection of these probes into adherent fibroblasts resulted in high yields of hybridization and fluorescent signals. Incubation of cells in the presence of these probes resulted in facile internalization of the probe and similar painting of the messenger RNA in the nuclear and cytosolic regions.
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MESH Headings
- Absorptiometry, Photon
- Animals
- Base Pairing
- Benzothiazoles
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Coleoptera/enzymology
- DNA Probes/chemistry
- Fluorescein/chemistry
- Fluorescent Dyes/analysis
- Fluorescent Dyes/chemistry
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Luciferases
- Microscopy, Confocal/methods
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Molecular Structure
- Nucleic Acid Hybridization/methods
- Oligonucleotides/analysis
- Oligonucleotides/chemistry
- Osteosarcoma
- Quinolines
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/radiation effects
- RNA, Transfer/chemistry
- RNA, Transfer/metabolism
- RNA, Transfer/radiation effects
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae
- Spectrometry, Fluorescence
- Stereoisomerism
- Thiazoles/chemistry
- Time Factors
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/radiation effects
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Affiliation(s)
- E Privat
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, Conventionnée avec l'Université d'Orléans et Affilée à l'Inserm, Orléans, France
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Timtcheva I, Maximova V, Deligeorgiev T, Gadjev N, Drexhage KH, Petkova I. Homodimeric monomethine cyanine dyes as fluorescent probes of biopolymers. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2000; 58:130-5. [PMID: 11233640 DOI: 10.1016/s1011-1344(00)00116-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The fluorescence properties of newly synthesized homodimeric monomethine cyanine dyes in the presence of biopolymers are investigated. They do not fluoresce in TE buffer and bidistilled water but become strongly fluorescent (Q(F)=0.3-0.9) in the region 530-650 nm when bound to dsDNA and ssDNA. The detection limit of dsDNA is about 1.7 ng/ml. Some of dyes studied are able to distinguish between dsDNA and ssDNA, RNA, BSA in solution and gel electrophoresis. The influence of different factors (temperature, pH and viscosity of the medium, presence of histone) on the formation of the dye-biopolymer complexes is investigated. The results of steady-state and dynamic fluorescence measurements concerning the different types of binding between dyes and biopolymers show that the new dyes are applicable in molecular biology as highly sensitive fluorescence labels.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Timtcheva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.
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