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Metwalley KA, Farghaly HS. Endocrinal dysfunction in children with Down syndrome. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2022; 27:15-21. [PMID: 35368192 PMCID: PMC8984752 DOI: 10.6065/apem.2142236.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic disorder in live-born infants. Children with DS are at increased risk of numerous endocrinal comorbidities. The information contained in this article will provide pediatricians with a narrative overview of different presentations, diagnoses, and management recommendations of various endocrinal disorders in children with DS. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, EBSCO, and Science Direct, and potentially relevant articles were identified and retrieved from electronic and print journals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotb Abbass Metwalley
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt,Address for correspondence: Kotb Abbass Metwalley Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, 71111 Assiut, Egypt ,
| | - Hekma Saad Farghaly
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Myrelid Å, Bergman S, Elfvik Strömberg M, Jonsson B, Nyberg F, Gustafsson J, Annerén G. Late effects of early growth hormone treatment in Down syndrome. Acta Paediatr 2010; 99:763-769. [PMID: 20105143 DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2009.01679.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Down syndrome (DS) is associated with short stature and psychomotor delay. We have previously shown that growth hormone (GH) treatment during infancy and childhood normalizes growth velocity and improves fine motor skill performance in DS. The aim of this study was to investigate late effects of early GH treatment on growth and psychomotor development in the DS subjects from the previous trial. DESIGN Twelve of 15 adolescents with DS (3 F) from the GH group and 10 of 15 controls (5 F) participated in this follow-up study. Fifteen other subjects with DS (6 F) were included as controls in anthropometric analyses. Cognitive function was assessed with the Leiter International Performance Scale-Revised (Leiter-R) and selected subtests of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Third edition (WISC-III). The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second edition (BOT-2), was used to assess general motor ability. RESULTS Although early GH treatment had no effect on final height, the treated subjects had a greater head circumference standard deviation score (SDS) than the controls (-1.6 SDS vs. -2.2 SDS). The adolescents previously treated with GH had scores above those of the controls in all subtests of Leiter-R and WISC-III, but no difference in Brief IQ-score was seen between the groups. The age-adjusted motor performance of all subjects was below -2 SD, but the GH-treated subjects performed better than the controls in all but one subtest. CONCLUSION The combined finding of a greater head circumference SDS and better psychomotor performance indicates that DS subjects may benefit from early GH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Å Myrelid
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenChild and Adolescent Habilitation Centre, County Council of Uppsala, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S Bergman
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenChild and Adolescent Habilitation Centre, County Council of Uppsala, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Elfvik Strömberg
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenChild and Adolescent Habilitation Centre, County Council of Uppsala, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - B Jonsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenChild and Adolescent Habilitation Centre, County Council of Uppsala, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - F Nyberg
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenChild and Adolescent Habilitation Centre, County Council of Uppsala, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Gustafsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenChild and Adolescent Habilitation Centre, County Council of Uppsala, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - G Annerén
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenChild and Adolescent Habilitation Centre, County Council of Uppsala, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Manabe N, Kubota Y, Kitanaka A, Ohnishi H, Taminato T, Tanaka T. Src transduces signaling via growth hormone (GH)-activated GH receptor (GHR) tyrosine-phosphorylating GHR and STAT5 in human leukemia cells. Leuk Res 2006; 30:1391-8. [PMID: 16650892 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2006.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2005] [Revised: 03/24/2006] [Accepted: 03/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Most human leukemia cells are shown to express growth hormone receptor (GHR) and some of them proliferate in response to GH. We demonstrate that Src contributes to GHR-mediated signal transduction via STAT5 activation in F-36P human leukemia cells stimulated with GH. The tyrosine phosphorylation levels of GHR and STAT5 induced by GH decreased in the presence of PP2 Src kinase inhibitor. When GHR and wild-type Src were co-expressed in COS7 cells, GHR was markedly tyrosine phosphorylated as well as when Jak2 was co-expressed with GHR, but not when kinase-inactive Src co-expressed. The treatment of F-36P cells with the antisense src oligonucleotides, which selectively decreased the Src expression, reduced the rhGH-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the STAT5 activation sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Manabe
- Depertment of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
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Abstract
Estudos in vitro e em animais sugerem que os membros do sistema insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), incluindo IGF-I, IGF-II, receptores de IGF-I e IGF-II (IGF-IR e IGF-IIR), e as IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) podem ter um importante envolvimento no desenvolvimento e na progressão de neoplasias. Mais especificamente, as IGFs promovem a progressão do ciclo celular e inibem a apoptose tanto por ação direta com outros fatores de crescimento como por ação indireta interagindo com outros sistemas moleculares intracelulares envolvidos na promoção e/ou progressão do câncer. Além disso, inúmeros estudos epidemiológicos têm sugerido que concentrações elevadas das IGFs, independente das alterações nas IGFBPs, podem estar associadas a um aumento no risco de desenvolver determinadas neoplasias. Esta revisão tem como objetivo apresentar o envolvimento do sistema IGF na regulação tumoral, os principais estudos epidemiológicos realizados e o risco de desenvolvimento de neoplasia em pacientes (com ou sem história pessoal de neoplasia prévia) que receberam hormônio de crescimento (rhGH). É importante salientar que o uso clínico de rhGH, nas indicações aprovadas internacionalmente, é seguro e não existem evidências, até o momento, da associação com o desenvolvimento de neoplasias.
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