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Parker K, Bollis NE, Ryzhov V. Ion-molecule reactions of mass-selected ions. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024; 43:47-89. [PMID: 36447431 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Gas-phase reactions of mass-selected ions with neutrals covers a very broad area of fundamental and applied mass spectrometry (MS). Oftentimes, ion-molecule reactions (IMR) can serve as a viable alternative to collision-induced dissociation and other ion dissociation techniques when using tandem MS. This review focuses on the literature pertaining applications of IMR since 2013. During the past decade considerable efforts have been made in analytical applications of IMR, including advances in one of the major techniques for characterization of unsaturated fatty acids and lipids, ozone-induced dissociation, and the development of a new technique for sequencing of large ions, hydrogen atom attachment/abstraction dissociation. Many advances have also been made in identifying gas-phase chemistry specific to a functional group in organic and biological compounds, which are useful in structure elucidation of analytes and differentiation of isomers/isobars. With "soft" ionization techniques like electrospray ionization having become mainstream for quite some time now, the efforts in the area of metal ion catalysis have firmly moved into exploring chemistry of ligated metal complexes in their "natural" oxidation states allowing to model individual steps of mechanisms in homogeneous catalysis, especially in combination with high-level DFT calculations. Finally, IMR continue to contribute to the body of knowledge in the area of chemistry of interstellar processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Parker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
| | - Nicholas E Bollis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
| | - Victor Ryzhov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
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Armenta Butt S, Price SD. Bimolecular reactions of CH 2CN 2+ with Ar, N 2 and CO: reactivity and dynamics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:15824-15839. [PMID: 35758308 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01523d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity, energetics and dynamics of bimolecular reactions between CH2CN2+ and three neutral species (Ar, N2 and CO) have been studied using a position sensitive coincidence methodology at centre-of-mass collision energies of 4.3-5.0 eV. This is the first study of bimolecular reactions involving CH2CN2+, a species relevant to the ionospheres of planets and satellites, including Titan. All of the collision systems investigated display two collision-induced dissociation (CID) channels, resulting in the formation of C+ + CH2N+ and H+ + HC2N+. Evidence for channels involving further dissociation of the CID product HC2N+, forming H + CCN+, were detected in the N2 and CO systems. Proton-transfer from the dication to the neutral species occurs in all three of the systems via a direct mechanism. Additionally, there are product channels resulting from single electron transfer following collisions of CH2CN2+ with both N2 and CO, but interestingly no electron transfer following collisions with Ar. Electronic structure calculations of the lowest energy electronic states of CH2CN2+ reveal six local geometric minima: both doublet and quartet spin states for cyclic, linear (CH2CN), and linear isocyanide (CH2NC) molecular geometries. The lowest energy electronic state was determined to be the doublet state of the cyclic dication. The ready generation of C+ ions by collision-induced dissociation suggests that the cyclic or linear isocyanide dication geometries are present in the [CH2CN]2+ beam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Armenta Butt
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Stephen D Price
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
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Cartoni A, Casavola AR, Bolognesi P, Castrovilli MC, Catone D, Chiarinelli J, Richter R, Avaldi L. Insights into 2- and 4(5)-Nitroimidazole Decomposition into Relevant Ions and Molecules Induced by VUV Ionization. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:4031-4041. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b01144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Cartoni
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia (ISM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, via Salaria Km 29,300, Monterotondo Scalo (RM), 00016, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - A. R. Casavola
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia (ISM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, via Salaria Km 29,300, Monterotondo Scalo (RM), 00016, Italy
| | - P. Bolognesi
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia (ISM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, via Salaria Km 29,300, Monterotondo Scalo (RM), 00016, Italy
| | - M. C. Castrovilli
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia (ISM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, via Salaria Km 29,300, Monterotondo Scalo (RM), 00016, Italy
| | - D. Catone
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia (ISM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Area della Ricerca di Roma 2, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 10, 00133, Roma, Italy
| | - J. Chiarinelli
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia (ISM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, via Salaria Km 29,300, Monterotondo Scalo (RM), 00016, Italy
| | - R. Richter
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science
Park, 34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - L. Avaldi
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia (ISM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, via Salaria Km 29,300, Monterotondo Scalo (RM), 00016, Italy
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Westlake JH, Waite JH, Mandt KE, Carrasco N, Bell JM, Magee BA, Wahlund JE. Titan's ionospheric composition and structure: Photochemical modeling of Cassini INMS data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011je003883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Li Y, Liu HL, Sun YB, Li Z, Huang XR, Sun CC. Theoretical study on the ion–molecule reaction of HCN+ with NH3. Theor Chem Acc 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-009-0631-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Li Y, Liu HL, Huang XR, Wang D, Sun CC, Tang AC. Reaction Mechanism of HCN+ + C2H4: A Theoretical Study. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:12252-62. [DOI: 10.1021/jp805285p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui-ling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu-ri Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dequan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chia-chung Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Au-chin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People’s Republic of China
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Li Y, Liu HL, Huang XR, Wang DQ, Sun CC, Tang AC. Theoretical study of HCN(+) + C2H2 reaction. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:8188-97. [PMID: 18693709 DOI: 10.1021/jp801352z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A detailed theoretical investigation for the ion-molecule reaction of HCN (+) with C 2H 2 is performed at the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) and CCSD(T)/6-311++G(3df,2pd) (single-point) levels. Possible energetically allowed reaction pathways leading to various low-lying dissociation products are probed. It is shown that eight dissociation products P 1 (H 2C 3N (+)+H), P 2 (CN+C 2H 3 (+)), P 3 (HC 3N (+)+H 2), P 4 (HCCCNH (+)+H), P 5 (H 2NCCC (+)+H), P 6 (HCNCCH (+)+H), P 7 (C 2H 2 (+)+HCN), and P 8 (C 2H 2 (+)+HNC) are both thermodynamically and kinetically accessible. Among the eight dissociation products, P 1 is the most abundant product. P 7 and P 3 are the second and third feasible products but much less competitive than P 1 , followed by the almost negligible product P 2 . Other products, P 4 (HCCCNH (+)+H), P 5 (HCNCCH (+)+H), P 6 (H 2NCCC (+)+H), and P 8 (C 2H 2 (+)+HNC) may become feasible at high temperatures. Because the intermediates and transition states involved in the reaction HCN (+) + C 2H 2 are all lower than the reactant in energy, the title reaction is expected to be rapid, as is consistent with the measured large rate constant at room temperature. The present calculation results may provide a useful guide for understanding the mechanism of HCN (+) toward other pi-bonded molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People's Republic of China
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Anicich VG, Wilson PF, McEwan MJ. An ICR study of ion-molecules reactions relevant to Titan's atmosphere: an investigation of binary hydrocarbon mixtures up to 1 micron. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2006; 17:544-561. [PMID: 16503159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2005.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2005] [Revised: 11/20/2005] [Accepted: 11/21/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Results are reported for studies of binary mixtures of hydrocarbons exposed to low-energy electron impact ionization. A variety of experimental methods are used: conventional ICR mass spectrometry, the standard double resonance in an ICR for determination of the precursor ions, and the modulated double resonance ejection in an ICR for the determination of the daughter ions. A flowing afterglow-selected ion flow tube experiment (FA-SIFT) was used for validation and examination of termolecular reactions. An extensive database of reaction kinetics already exists for many of these reactions. The main point of this study was the determination of the accuracy of this database and the identification of missing reactions and reaction channels. An effort was made to extend the study to the highest pressures possible to determine if any important termolecular reaction channels were present that were not recognized in earlier investigations. A new approach was used here. In the binary mixtures of hydrocarbon gases, mass spectra were obtained as a function of independent pressure changes of both gases. All the mass peaks in the spectra were fitted using existing kinetic data as a starting point. A model of the ion abundances was then produced from the solution of the partial differential equations derived from the kinetics in terms of reaction rate coefficients and initial abundances. The model was fitted to the data for all of the pressures by a least-squares fit to the reaction rate coefficients and initial abundances. The kinetic parameters were then adjusted if required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent G Anicich
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Paul F Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, PB 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Murray J McEwan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, PB 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Anicich VG, Wilson P, McEwan MJ. A SIFT ion-molecule study of some reactions in Titan's atmosphere. reactions of N(+), N(2)(+), and HCN(+) with CH(4), C(2)H(2), and C(2)H(4). JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2004; 15:1148-1155. [PMID: 15276161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2004.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2004] [Revised: 03/29/2004] [Accepted: 04/03/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The results of a study of the ion-molecule reactions of N(+), N(2)(+), and HCN(+) with methane, acetylene, and ethylene are reported. These studies were performed using the FA-SIFT at the University of Canterbury. The reactions studied here are important to understanding the ion chemistry in Titan's atmosphere. N(+) and N(2)(+) are the primary ions formed by photo-ionization and electron impact in Titan's ionosphere and drive Titan's ion chemistry. It is therefore very important to know how these ions react with the principal trace neutral species in Titan's atmosphere: Methane, acetylene, and ethylene. While these reactions have been studied before the product channels have been difficult to define as several potential isobaric products make a definitive answer difficult. Mass overlap causes difficulties in making unambiguous species assignments in these systems. Two discriminators have been used in this study to resolve the mass overlap problem. They are deuterium labeling and also the differences in reactivities of each isobar with various neutral reactants. Several differences have been found from the products in previous work. The HCN(+) ion is important in both Titan's atmosphere and in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent G Anicich
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA.
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Anicich VG, Wilson P, McEwan MJ. Termolecular ion-molecule reactions in Titan's atmosphere. IV. A search made at up to 1 micron in pure hydrocarbons. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2003; 14:900-915. [PMID: 12892914 DOI: 10.1016/s1044-0305(03)00218-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The results of a study of ion-molecule reactions occurring in pure methane, acetylene, ethylene, ethane, propyne, propene, propane, and diacetylene at pressures up to 40 microns of pressure are reported. A variety of experimental methods are used: The standard double resonance in an ICR, for determination of the precursor ions and the modulated double resonance ejection in an ICR, for the determination of the daughter ions. The FA-SIFT technique was used for validation and examination of termolecular reactions with rate coefficients that are less than 10(-26) cm(6) s(-1). An extensive database of reaction kinetics already exists for many of these reactions. The main point of this study was the determination of the accuracy of this database and to search for any missing reactions and reaction channels that may have been omitted from earlier investigations. A specific objective of this work was to extend the study to the highest pressures possible to find out if there were any important termolecular reaction channels occurring. A new approach was used here. In the pure hydrocarbon gases the mass spectra were followed as a function of the pressure changes of the gas. An initial guess was first made using the current literature as a source of the reaction kinetics that were expected. A model of the ion abundances was produced from the solution of the partial differential equations in terms of reaction rate coefficients and initial abundances. The experimental data was fitted to the model for all of the pressures by a least squares minimization to the reaction rate coefficients and initial abundances. The reaction rate coefficients obtained from the model were then compared to the literature values. Several new channels and reactions were discovered when the modeled fits were compared to the actual data. This is all explained in the text and the implications of these results are discussed for the Titan atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent G Anicich
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109-8099, USA.
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López R, del Río E, Menéndez MI, Sordo TL. An ab Initio Study of the Reaction of Propargyl Cation with Ammonia. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp012930q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramón López
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Principado de Asturias, Spain
| | - Emma del Río
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Principado de Asturias, Spain
| | - M. Isabel Menéndez
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Principado de Asturias, Spain
| | - Tomás L. Sordo
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Principado de Asturias, Spain
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Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2001; 36:976-987. [PMID: 11523099 DOI: 10.1002/jms.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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