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Cheng K, Lu J, Guo J, Wang R, Chen L, Wang X, Jiang Y, Li Y, Xu C, Kang Q, Qiaerxie G, Du P, Gao C, Yu Y, Yang Z, Wang W. Characterization of neutralizing chimeric heavy-chain antibodies against tetanus toxin. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2366641. [PMID: 38934499 PMCID: PMC11212558 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2366641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tetanus toxin (TeNT) is one of the most toxic proteins. Neutralizing antibodies against TeNT are effective in prevention and treatment. In this study, 14 anti-tetanus nanobodies were obtained from a phage display nanobody library by immunizing a camel with the C-terminal receptor-binding domain of TeNT (TeNT-Hc) as the antigen. After fusion with the human Fc fragment, 11 chimeric heavy-chain antibodies demonstrated nanomolar binding toward TeNT-Hc. The results of toxin neutralization experiments showed that T83-7, T83-8, and T83-13 completely protected mice against 20 × the median lethal dose (LD50) at a low concentration. The neutralizing potency of T83-7, T83-8, and T83-13 against TeNT is 0.4 IU/mg, 0.4 IU/mg and 0.2 IU/mg, respectively. In the prophylactic setting, we found that 5 mg/kg of T83-13 provided the mice with full protection from tetanus, even when they were injected 14 days before exposure to 20 × LD50 TeNT. T83-7 and T83-8 were less effective, being fully protective only when challenged 7 or 10 days before exposure, respectively. In the therapeutic setting, 12 h after exposure to TeNT, 1 ~ 5 mg/kg of T83-7, and T83-8 could provide complete protection for mice against 5 × LD50 TeNT, while 1 mg/kg T83-13 could provide complete protection 24 h after exposure to 5 × LD50 TeNT. Our results suggested that these antibodies represent prophylactic and therapeutic activities against TeNT in a mouse model. The T83-7, T83-8, and T83-13 could form the basis for the subsequent development of drugs to treat TeNT toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexuan Cheng
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Diseases, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Jiansheng Lu
- Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Jiazheng Guo
- Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Yujia Jiang
- Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Yating Li
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Diseases, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Changyan Xu
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Diseases, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Qinglin Kang
- Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Gulisaina Qiaerxie
- Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Du
- Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Gao
- Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Yunzhou Yu
- Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixin Yang
- Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Diseases, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Wang Y, Wu C, Yu J, Lin S, Liu T, Zan L, Li N, Hong P, Wang X, Jia Z, Li J, Wang Y, Zhang M, Yuan X, Li C, Xu W, Zheng W, Wang X, Liao HX. Structural basis of tetanus toxin neutralization by native human monoclonal antibodies. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109070. [PMID: 33951441 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Four potent native human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting distinct epitopes on tetanus toxin (TeNT) are isolated with neutralization potency ranging from approximately 17 mg to 6 mg each that are equivalent to 250 IU of human anti-TeNT immunoglobulin. TT0170 binds fragment B, and TT0069 and TT0155 bind fragment AB. mAb TT0067 binds fragment C and blocks the binding of TeNT to gangliosides. The co-crystal structure of TT0067 with fragment C of TeNT at a 2.0-Å resolution demonstrates that mAb TT0067 directly occupies the W pocket of one of the receptor binding sites on TeNT, resulting in blocking the binding of TeNT to ganglioside on the surface of host cells. This study reveals at the atomic level the mechanism of action by the TeNT neutralizing antibody. The key neutralization epitope on the fragment C of TeNT identified in our work provides the critical information for the development of fragment C of TeNT as a better and safer tetanus vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Trinomab Biotech Co., Ltd, Zhuhai 519040, China
| | - Changwen Wu
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jinfang Yu
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shujian Lin
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lipeng Zan
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Po Hong
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Trinomab Biotech Co., Ltd, Zhuhai 519040, China
| | | | - Jason Li
- Trinomab Biotech Co., Ltd, Zhuhai 519040, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Trinomab Biotech Co., Ltd, Zhuhai 519040, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaohui Yuan
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Trinomab Biotech Co., Ltd, Zhuhai 519040, China
| | - Chengming Li
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Trinomab Biotech Co., Ltd, Zhuhai 519040, China
| | - Wenwen Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | | | - Xinquan Wang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Hua-Xin Liao
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Trinomab Biotech Co., Ltd, Zhuhai 519040, China; Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Tetanus Neurotoxin Neutralizing Antibodies Screened from a Human Immune scFv Antibody Phage Display Library. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:toxins8090266. [PMID: 27626445 PMCID: PMC5037492 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8090266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT) produced by Clostridiumtetani is one of the most poisonous protein substances. Neutralizing antibodies against TeNT can effectively prevent and cure toxicosis. Using purified Hc fragments of TeNT (TeNT-Hc) as an antigen, three specific neutralizing antibody clones recognizing different epitopes were selected from a human immune scFv antibody phage display library. The three antibodies (2-7G, 2-2D, and S-4-7H) can effectively inhibit the binding between TeNT-Hc and differentiated PC-12 cells in vitro. Moreover, 2-7G inhibited TeNT-Hc binding to the receptor via carbohydrate-binding sites of the W pocket while 2-2D and S-4-7H inhibited binding of the R pocket. Although no single mAb completely protected mice from the toxin, they could both prolong survival when challenged with 20 LD50s (50% of the lethal dose) of TeNT. When used together, the mAbs completely neutralized 1000 LD50s/mg Ab, indicating their high neutralizing potency in vivo. Antibodies recognizing different carbohydrate-binding pockets could have higher synergistic toxin neutralization activities than those that recognize the same pockets. These results could lead to further production of neutralizing antibody drugs against TeNT and indicate that using TeNT-Hc as an antigen for screening human antibodies for TeNT intoxication therapy from human immune antibody library was convenient and effective.
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Akiyoshi DE, Rich CM, O'Sullivan-Murphy S, Richard L, Dilo J, Donohue-Rolfe A, Sheoran AS, Chapman-Bonofiglio S, Tzipori S. Characterization of a human monoclonal antibody against Shiga toxin 2 expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Infect Immun 2005; 73:4054-61. [PMID: 15972493 PMCID: PMC1168570 DOI: 10.1128/iai.73.7.4054-4061.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2004] [Revised: 10/26/2004] [Accepted: 03/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli infections can often lead to the development of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) in a small percentage of infected humans. Patients with HUS receive only supportive treatment as the benefit of antibiotic therapy remains uncertain. We have previously reported the generation and preclinical evaluation of neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies (HuMAbs) against the Shiga toxins (Stx). In this paper, we describe the expression in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells of 5C12 HuMAb, which is directed against the A subunit of Stx2. The cDNAs of the light and heavy chain immunoglobulin (Ig) variable regions of 5C12 HuMAb were isolated and cloned into an expression vector containing human IgG1 constant regions. The vector was transfected into CHO cells, and transfectants secreting Stx2-specific antibody were screened by an Stx2-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The CHO-produced recombinant 5C12 (r5C12) showed similar specificity and binding affinity to Stx2 as the parent hybridoma-produced 5C12. More significantly, the r5C12 displayed the same neutralizing activity as the parent 5C12 in vitro and in vivo. In the mouse toxicity model, both antibodies significantly and equally prolonged survival at a dose of 0.312 microg/mouse. The data showed that since r5C12, produced in CHO cells, was equally effective as the parent 5C12, it is our choice candidate as a potential prophylactic or therapeutic agent against hemolytic-uremic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Akiyoshi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Tufts University School of Veterinary Medicine, 200 Westboro Road, Building 20, North Grafton, Massachusetts 01536, USA
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Nishibori N, Shimamoto T, Nakamura N, Shimokawa M, Horiuchi H, Furusawa S, Matsuda H. Expression vectors for chicken-human chimeric antibodies. Biologicals 2005; 32:213-8. [PMID: 15572103 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2004.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2004] [Accepted: 09/11/2004] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The chicken is a useful animal for preparation of antibodies that are reactive with highly conserved mammalian molecules. For further clinical application of chicken antibodies, we constructed the novel expression vectors for chicken-human chimeric antibodies, pcSLCgamma1, pcSLCgamma4 and pcSLCkappa. These vectors had the following characteristics: (1) any chicken variable regions from hybridomas or a phage display library can be easily introduced; (2) the variable regions are able to be expressed in different immunoglobulin isotypes; and (3) the chimeric antibodies can be highly expressed in either transiently or stably transfected eukaryotic cells (COS-7 and CHO-K1 cells). Western blot analysis of the chimeric antibodies revealed that the expressed products were of the predicted size, structure and specificity. These results indicate that these vectors are useful tools for the chimerization of chicken antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahoko Nishibori
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Molecular and Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
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Reiersen H, Løbersli I, Løset GÅ, Hvattum E, Simonsen B, Stacy JE, McGregor D, Fitzgerald K, Welschof M, Brekke OH, Marvik OJ. Covalent antibody display--an in vitro antibody-DNA library selection system. Nucleic Acids Res 2005; 33:e10. [PMID: 15653626 PMCID: PMC546181 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gni010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The endonuclease P2A initiates the DNA replication of the bacteriophage P2 by making a covalent bond with its own phosphate backbone. This enzyme has now been exploited as a new in vitro display tool for antibody fragments. We have constructed genetic fusions of P2A with single-chain antibodies (scFvs). Linear DNA of these fusion proteins were processed in an in vitro coupled transcription–translation mixture of Escherichia coli S30 lysate. Complexes of scFv–P2A fusion proteins covalently bound to their own DNA were isolated after panning on immobilized antigen, and the enriched DNAs were recovered by PCR and prepared for the subsequent cycles of panning. We have demonstrated the enrichment of scFvs from spiked libraries and the specific selection of different anti-tetanus toxoid scFvs from a V-gene library with 50 million different members prepared from human lymphocytes. This covalent antibody display technology offers a complete in vitro selection system based exclusively on DNA–protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herald Reiersen
- Affitech AS, Oslo Research Park Gaustadalleen 21, N-0349 OSLO, Norway.
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