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Zhang D, Jiang C, Feng Y, Ni Y, Zhang J. Molecular imaging of myocardial necrosis: an updated mini-review. J Drug Target 2020; 28:565-573. [PMID: 32037899 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2020.1725769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains the most severe and common cardiac emergency among various ischaemic heart diseases. Both unregulated (necrosis) and regulated (apoptosis, autophagy and necroptosis et al.) forms of cell death can occur during AMI. Non-invasive imaging of cardiomyocyte death represents an attractive approach to acquire insights into the pathophysiology of AMI, track the temporal and spatial evolution of MI, guide therapeutic decision-making, evaluate response to therapeutic intervention and predict prognosis. Although several forms of cell death have been identified during AMI, to date, only apoptosis- and necrosis-detecting probes compatible with currently available tomographic imaging modalities have been successfully developed for non-invasive visualisation of cardiomyocyte death. Myocardial apoptosis imaging has gained more attention because of its potential controllability while less attention has been paid to myocardial necrosis imaging. In our opinion, although cardiomyocyte necrosis is unsalvageable, imaging necrosis can play an important role in early diagnosis, risk stratification, prognostic prediction and guidance in therapeutic decision-making of AMI. In this mini-review, we summarise the updated advances achieved by us and others and discuss the challenges in the development of molecular imaging probes for visualisation of myocardial necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjian Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Cuihua Jiang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yuanbo Feng
- Theragnostic Laboratory, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yicheng Ni
- Theragnostic Laboratory, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jian Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
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Jin Q, Shan X, Luo Q, Zhang D, Zhao Y, Yao N, Peng F, Huang D, Yin Z, Liu W, Zhang J. 131I-Evans blue: evaluation of necrosis targeting property and preliminary assessment of the mechanism in animal models. Acta Pharm Sin B 2018; 8:390-400. [PMID: 29881678 PMCID: PMC5989829 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Necrosis is a form of cell death, which is related to various serious diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and neurodegeneration. Necrosis-avid agents (NAAs) selectively accumulated in the necrotic tissues can be used for imaging and/or therapy of related diseases. The aim of this study was to preliminarily investigate necrosis avidity of 131I-evans blue (131I-EB) and its mechanism. The biodistribution of 131I-EB at 24 h after intravenous administration showed that the radioactivity ratio of necrotic to viable tissue was 3.41 in the liver and 11.82 in the muscle as determined by γ counting in model rats. Autoradiography and histological staining displayed preferential uptake of 131I-EB in necrotic tissues. In vitro nuclear extracts from necrotic cells exhibited 82.3% of the uptake in nuclei at 15 min, as well as 79.2% of the uptake at 2 h after 131I-EB incubation. The DNA binding study demonstrated that evans blue (EB) has strong binding affinity with calf-thymus DNA (CT-DNA) (Ksv=5.08×105 L/(mol/L)). Furthermore, the accumulation of 131I-EB in necrotic muscle was efficiently blocked by an excess amount of unlabeled EB. In conclusion, 131I-EB can not only detect necrosis by binding the DNA released from necrotic cells, but also image necrotic tissues generated from the disease clinically.
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Key Words
- % ID/g, percentage of the injected dose per gram of tissue
- 131I-EB, 131I-evans blue
- 131I-Evans blue
- CE-T1WI, contrast-enhanced T1WI
- CT-DNA, calf-thymus DNA
- DMSO, dimethylsulfoxide
- DNA binding
- DWI, diffusion-weighted imaging
- EB, evans blue
- H&E, haematoxylin-eosin
- Hyp, hypericin
- MPS, mononuclear phagocyte system
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- NAAs, necrosis-avid agents
- Necrosis avidity
- Necrosis imaging
- PI, propidium iodide
- RCP, radiochemical purity
- RFA, radiofrequency ablation
- RPLI, reperfused liver infarction
- Radioactivity
- SD rats, Sprague–Dawley rats
- T1WI, T1-weighted imaging
- T2WI, T2-weighted imaging
- TLC, thin layer chromatography
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Yin Z, Sun L, Jin Q, Song S, Feng Y, Liao H, Ni Y, Zhang J, Liu W. Excretion and toxicity evaluation of 131I-Sennoside A as a necrosis-avid agent. Xenobiotica 2016; 47:980-988. [PMID: 27830982 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2016.1258740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
1. Sennoside A (SA) is a newly identified necrosis-avid agent that shows capability for imaging diagnosis and tumor necrosis targeted radiotherapy. As a water-soluble compound, 131I-Sennoside A (131I-SA) might be excreted predominately through the kidneys with the possibility of nephrotoxicity. 2. To further verify excretion pathway and examine nephrotoxicity of 131I-SA, excretion and nephrotoxicity were appraised. The pharmacokinetics, hepatotoxicity and hematotoxicity of 131I-SA were also evaluated to accelerate its possible clinical translation. All these studies were conducted in mice with ethanol-induced muscular necrosis following a single intravenous administration of 131I-SA at 18.5 MBq/kg or 370 MBq/kg. 3. Excretion data revealed that 131I-SA was predominately (73.5% of the injected dose (% ID)) excreted via the kidneys with 69.5% ID detected in urine within 72 h post injection. Biodistribution study indicated that 131I-SA exhibited initial high distribution in the kidneys but subsequently a fast renal clearance, which was further confirmed by the results of autoradiography and single-photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography (SPECT-CT) imaging. The maximum necrotic to normal muscle ratio reached to 7.9-fold at 48 h post injection, which further verified the necrosis avidity of 131I-SA. Pharmacokinetic parameters showed that 131I-SA had fast blood clearance with an elimination half-life of 6.7 h. Various functional indexes were no significant difference (p > 0.05) between before administration and 1 d, 8 d, 16 d after administration. Histopathology showed no signs of tissue damage. 4. These data suggest 131I-SA is a safe and promising necrosis-avid agent applicable in imaging diagnosis and tumor necrosis targeted radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqi Yin
- a Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , P.R. China
| | - Lidan Sun
- a Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , P.R. China.,b Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , P.R. China.,c Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , P.R. China
| | - Qiaomei Jin
- b Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , P.R. China.,c Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , P.R. China
| | - Shaoli Song
- d Department of Nuclear Medicine , Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai , P.R. China
| | - Yuanbo Feng
- b Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , P.R. China.,c Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , P.R. China.,e Department of Radiology , Faculty of Medicine, K.U. Leuven , Leuven , Belgium , and
| | - Hong Liao
- a Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , P.R. China
| | - Yicheng Ni
- b Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , P.R. China.,c Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , P.R. China.,e Department of Radiology , Faculty of Medicine, K.U. Leuven , Leuven , Belgium , and
| | - Jian Zhang
- b Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , P.R. China.,c Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- f Department of Nuclear Medicine , The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , P.R. China
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Li Y, Liu X, Zhang D, Lou B, Peng F, Wang X, Shan X, Jiang C, Gao M, Sun Z, Ni Y, Huang D, Zhang J. Evaluation of a metalloporphyrin (THPPMnCl) for necrosis-affinity in rat models of necrosis. J Drug Target 2015; 23:926-35. [PMID: 25950601 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2015.1036358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The combination of an (13I)I-labeled necrosis-targeting agent (NTA) with a vascular disrupting agent is a novel and potentially powerful technique for tumor necrosis treatment (TNT). The purpose of this study was to evaluate a NTA candidate, THPPMnCl, using (131)I isotope for tracing its biodistribution and necrosis affinity. (131)I-THPPMnCl was intravenously injected in rat models with liver, muscle, and tumor necrosis and myocardial infarction (MI), followed by investigations with macroscopic autoradiography, triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) histochemical staining, fluorescence microscopy and H&E stained histology for up to 9 days. (131)I-THPPMnCl displayed a long-term affinity for all types of necrosis and accumulation in the mononuclear phagocytic system especially in the liver. Autoradiograms and TTC staining showed a good targetability of (131)I-THPPMnCl for MI. These findings indicate the potential of THPPMnCl for non-invasive imaging assessment of necrosis, such as in MI. However, (13I)I-THPPMnCl is unlikely suitable for TNT due to its long-term retention in normal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- a Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , P.R. China and
| | - Xuejiao Liu
- a Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , P.R. China and
| | - Dongjian Zhang
- a Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , P.R. China and
| | - Bin Lou
- a Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , P.R. China and
| | - Fei Peng
- a Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , P.R. China and
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- a Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , P.R. China and
| | - Xin Shan
- a Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , P.R. China and
| | - Cuihua Jiang
- a Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , P.R. China and
| | - Meng Gao
- a Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , P.R. China and
| | - Ziping Sun
- b Radiation Medical Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences , Jinan , Shandong Province , P.R. China , and
| | - Yicheng Ni
- a Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , P.R. China and.,c Department of Radiology , KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Dejian Huang
- a Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , P.R. China and
| | - Jian Zhang
- a Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , P.R. China and
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Feng Y, Bogaert J, Oyen R, Ni Y. An overview on development and application of an experimental platform for quantitative cardiac imaging research in rabbit models of myocardial infarction. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2014; 4:358-75. [PMID: 25392822 PMCID: PMC4213418 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-4292.2013.09.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
To exploit the advantages of using rabbits for cardiac imaging research and to tackle the technical obstacles, efforts have been made under the framework of a doctoral research program. In this overview article, by cross-referencing the current literature, we summarize how we have developed a preclinical cardiac research platform based on modified models of reperfused myocardial infarction (MI) in rabbits; how the in vivo manifestations of cardiac imaging could be closely matched with those ex vivo macro- and microscopic findings; how these imaging outcomes could be quantitatively analyzed, validated and demonstrated; and how we could apply this cardiac imaging platform to provide possible solutions to certain lingering diagnostic and therapeutic problems in experimental cardiology. In particular, tissue components in acute cardiac ischemia have been stratified and characterized, post-infarct lipomatous metaplasia (LM) as a common but hardly illuminated clinical pathology has been identified in rabbit models, and a necrosis avid tracer as well as an anti-ischemic drug have been successfully assessed for their potential utilities in clinical cardiology. These outcomes may interest the researchers in the related fields and help strengthen translational research in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbo Feng
- KU Leuven, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Theragnostic Laboratory, Radiology Section, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Bogaert
- KU Leuven, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Theragnostic Laboratory, Radiology Section, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Raymond Oyen
- KU Leuven, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Theragnostic Laboratory, Radiology Section, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yicheng Ni
- KU Leuven, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Theragnostic Laboratory, Radiology Section, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
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Comparative study of iodine-123-labeled hypericin and (99m)Tc-labeled hexakis [2-methoxy isobutyl isonitrile] in a rabbit model of myocardial infarction. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2014; 62:304-11. [PMID: 23714775 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e31829b2c6b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Identification of myocardial infarction (MI) by imaging is critical for clinical management of ischemic heart disease. Iodine-123-labeled hypericin (¹²³I-Hyp) is a new potent infarct avid agent. We sought to compare target selectivity and organ distribution between ¹²³I-Hyp and the myocardial perfusion agent, technetium-99m-labeled hexakis [2-methoxy isobutyl isonitrile] ((99m)Tc-Sestamibi) in rabbits with acute MI. Hypericin was radiolabeled with I using iodogen as oxidant, and (99m)Tc-Sestamibi was prepared from a commercial kit and radioactive sodium pertechnetate. Rabbits (n = 6) with 24-hour-old MI received ¹²³I-Hyp intravenously and received (99m)Tc-Sestamibi 9 hours later. They were studied by dual-isotope simultaneous acquisition micro single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (DISA-μSPECT/CT), tissue gamma counting (TGC), autoradiography, and histology. After purification, ¹²³I-Hyp was obtained with radiochemical purity around 99%. DISA-μSPECT/CT images showed ¹²³I-Hyp retention in infarcted but not in normal myocardium. By TGC, accumulation values reached 1.175 ± 0.096 percentage of injected dose per gram (%ID/g) and 0.028 ± 0.007%ID/g in infarcted myocardium and normal myocardium with high tracer concentration in liver, intestines, and gallbladder. (99m)Tc-Sestamibi was prepared with radiochemical purity over 95%. DISA-μSPECT/CT showed no accumulation in MI and high initial radioactivity levels in normal myocardium that were rapidly cleared as confirmed by TGC (0.011 ± 0.003%ID/g). Liver and intestines were clearly visualized. By TGC, gallbladder and kidneys show moderate (99m)Tc-Sestamibi uptake. The selectivity of ¹²³I-Hyp for infarcted myocardium and (99m)Tc-Sestamibi for normal myocardium was confirmed. ¹²³I-Hyp distribution in rabbits is characterized by hepatobiliary excretion. (99m)Tc-Sestamibi undergoes hepatorenal elimination.
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Cona MM, Wang H, Li J, Feng Y, Chen F, de Witte P, Verbruggen A, Ni Y. Continuing pursuit for ideal systemic anticancer radiotherapeutics. Invest New Drugs 2011; 30:2050-65. [PMID: 22006160 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-011-9758-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major causes of death for non-transmissible chronic diseases worldwide. Conventional treatments including surgery, chemotherapy and external beam radiotherapy are generally far from curative. Complementary therapies are attempted for achieving more successful treatment response. Systemic targeted radiotherapy (STR) is a radiotherapeutic modality based on systemic administration of radioactive agents for selectively delivering high doses of energy to destroy cancer cells. For this purpose, diverse tumour-target specific agents including monoclonal antibodies (MoAb), MoAb fragments and peptides have been tested and some of them have already got FDA approval for clinical use. However, MoAbs and their tailored analogues have shown non-homogeneous tumour distribution, limited diffusion, insufficient intratumoral accumulation and retention, unwanted uptake in normal tissues and scarcity of identified cancer antigens for generating new MoAbs. Similarly, peptides have also exhibited retention in normal organs, lacks of favourable membrane permeability or drug cell internalization and short-term residence in cancer cells. Recently, a new category of target-specific agent with strong affinity for necrosis has emerged as an excellent option for developing targeted radiotherapeutic agents to be used after necrosis-inducing treatments (NITs). The combination of their high, specific and long-term accumulation and retention at necrotic sites with the crossfire effect of ionizing particle-emitters allows irradiating adjacent residual viable tumour cells during a prolonged period of time. It may considerably enhance the therapeutic response and open a new horizon for improved cancer treatability or curability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlein Miranda Cona
- Radiology Section, Department of Medical Diagnostic Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Group, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Li J, Sun Z, Zhang J, Shao H, Cona MM, Wang H, Marysael T, Chen F, Prinsen K, Zhou L, Huang D, Nuyts J, Yu J, Meng B, Bormans G, Fang Z, de Witte P, Li Y, Verbruggen A, Wang X, Mortelmans L, Xu K, Marchal G, Ni Y. A dual-targeting anticancer approach: soil and seed principle. Radiology 2011; 260:799-807. [PMID: 21712473 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.11102120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To test the hypothesis that targeting the microenvironment (soil) may effectively kill cancer cells (seeds) through a small-molecular weight sequential dual-targeting theragnostic strategy, or dual-targeting approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS With approval from the institutional animal care and use committee, 24 rats were implanted with 48 liver rhabdomyosarcomas (R1). First, the vascular-disrupting agent combretastatin A4 phosphate (CA4P) was injected at a dose of 10 mg/kg to cause tumor necrosis, which became a secondary target. Then, the necrosis-avid agent hypericin was radiolabeled with iodine 131 to form (131)I-hypericin, which was injected at 300 MBq/kg 24 hours after injection of CA4P. Both molecules have small molecular weight, are naturally or synthetically derivable, are intravenously injectable, and are of unique targetablities. The tumor response in the dual-targeting group was compared with that in vehicle-control and single-targeting (CA4P or (131)I-hypericin) groups with in vivo magnetic resonance imaging and scintigrams and ex vivo gamma counting, autoradiography, and histologic analysis. Tumor volumes, tumor doubling time (TDT), and radiobiodistribution were analyzed with statistical software. P values below .05 were considered to indicate a significant difference. RESULTS Eight days after treatment, the tumor volume of rhabdomyosarcoma in the vehicle-control group was double that in both single-targeting groups (P < .001) and was five times that in the dual-targeting group (P < .0001), without treatment-related animal death. The TDT was significantly longer in the dual-targeting group (P < .0001). Necrosis appeared as hot spots on scintigrams, corresponding to 3.13% of the injected dose of (131)I-hypericin per gram of tissue (interquartile range, 2.92%-3.97%) and a target-to-liver ratio of 20. The dose was estimated to be 100 times the cumulative dose of 50 Gy needed for radiotherapeutic response. Thus, accumulated (131)I-hypericin from CA4P-induced necrosis killed residual cancer cells with ionizing radiation and inhibited tumor regrowth. CONCLUSION This dual-targeting approach may be a simple and workable solution for cancer treatment and deserves further exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Li
- Department of Radiology, University of Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, Leuven 3000, Belgium
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De Saint-Hubert M, Prinsen K, Mortelmans L, Verbruggen A, Mottaghy FM. Molecular imaging of cell death. Methods 2009; 48:178-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2009.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2009] [Accepted: 03/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Ni Y, Wang H, Chen F, Li J, DeKeyzer F, Feng Y, Yu J, Bosmans H, Marchal G. Tumor models and specific contrast agents for small animal imaging in oncology. Methods 2009; 48:125-38. [PMID: 19328231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2009.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2009] [Accepted: 03/11/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the widespread use of various imaging modalities in clinical and experimental oncology without or with combined application of commercially available nonspecific contrast agents (CAs), development of tissue- or organ- or disease-specific CAs has been a continuing effort for pursuing ever-improved sensitivity, specificity, and applicability. This is particularly true with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) due to its intrinsic superb spatial/temporal/contrast resolutions and adequate detectability for tiny amount of substances. In this context, research using small animal tumor models has played an indispensible role in preclinical exploration of tissue specific CAs. Emphasizing more on methodological and practical aspects, this article aims to share our cumulated experiences on how to create tumor models for evaluation and development of new tissue specific MRI CAs and how to apply such models in imaging-based research studies. With the results that are repeatedly confirmed by later clinical applications in cancer patients, some of our early preclinical studies have contributed to the designs of subsequent clinical trials on the new CAs, some studies have predicted new utilities of these CAs; and other studies have led to the discoveries of new tissue- or disease-specific CAs with novel diagnostic or even therapeutic potentials. Among commonly adopted tumor models, the chemically induced and surgically implanted nodules in the liver prove very useful to simulate primary and metastatic intrahepatic tumors, respectively in clinical patients. The methods to create tumor models have eased procedures and yielded high success rates. The specific properties of the new CAs could be outshined by intraindividual comparison to the commercial CAs as nonspecific controls. Meticulous imaging-microangiography-histology matching techniques guaranteed colocalization of the lesion on in vivo MRI and postmortem tissue specimen, hence correct imaging interpretation and longstanding conclusions. As exemplified in the real study cases, the present experimental set-up proves applicable in small animals for imaging-based oncological investigations, and may provide a platform for the currently booming molecular imaging in a multimodality environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Ni
- Section of Radiology, Department of Medical Diagnostic Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Group, University of Leuven, Belgium.
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Fonge H, Jin L, Wang H, Ni Y, Bormans G, Verbruggen A. Synthesis and preliminary evaluation of mono-[123I]iodohypericin monocarboxylic acid as a necrosis avid imaging agent. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:4001-5. [PMID: 17507220 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.04.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2007] [Revised: 04/20/2007] [Accepted: 04/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Hypericin monocarboxylic acid was synthesized in an overall yield of 25% in four steps and radiolabelled with iodine-123 in good yield (>75%). The resulting mono-[(123)I]iodohypericin monocarboxylic acid was evaluated in normal mice and in rats with ethanol induced liver necrosis. In this model, tracer concentration in necrotic liver tissue was 14 times higher than in the viable liver tissue as quantified by autoradiography at 24h post injection. The results indicate the feasibility of visualization of necrotic tissue with the novel tracer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humphrey Fonge
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, K.U. Leuven, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Thibaud JL, Monnet A, Bertoldi D, Barthélémy I, Blot S, Carlier PG. Characterization of dystrophic muscle in golden retriever muscular dystrophy dogs by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. Neuromuscul Disord 2007; 17:575-84. [PMID: 17537632 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2007.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2006] [Revised: 03/08/2007] [Accepted: 03/27/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy dog lacks dystrophin. Disease progression in this model shares many similarities with the Duchenne muscular dystrophy, both from anatomico pathological and clinical standpoints. The model is increasingly used in pre-clinical trials but needs to be further investigated, particularly with reference to the evaluation of therapies. The aim of this study was to identify quantitative indices that would help characterize the dystrophic dog non-invasively using NMR imaging. Two-month-old dystrophic dogs and healthy control animals were scanned at 4T. Standard T2- and T1-weighted images, fat-saturated T1-weighted images pre- and post-gadolinium chelate injection were acquired and kinetics of muscle enhancement were studied over a 2-h period. Several indices were found to be abnormally high in dystrophic dogs: the T2-weighted/T1-weighted signal ratio, T2-weighted image heterogeneity and maximal signal enhancement post-gadolinium. These may be proposed to evaluate muscle structural alterations non-invasively in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-L Thibaud
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Veterinary School of Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France and INSERM EMI 00-11, Créteil, France
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Jin J, Teng G, Feng Y, Wu Y, Jin Q, Wang Y, Wang Z, Lu Q, Jiang Y, Wang S, Chen F, Marchal G, Ni Y. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Acute Reperfused Myocardial Infarction: Intraindividual Comparison of ECIII-60 and Gd-DTPA in a Swine Model. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2007; 30:248-56. [PMID: 17216375 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-006-0004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare a necrosis-avid contrast agent (NACA) bis-Gd-DTPA-pamoic acid derivative (ECIII-60) after intracoronary delivery with an extracellular agent Gd-DTPA after intravenous injection on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a swine model of acute reperfused myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS Eight pigs underwent 90 min of transcatheter coronary balloon occlusion and 60 min of reperfusion. After intravenous injection of Gd-DTPA at a dose of 0.2 mmol/kg, all pigs were scanned with T1-weighted MRI until the delayed enhancement of MI disappeared. Then they were intracoronarily infused with ECIII-60 at 0.0025 mmol/kg and imaged for 5 hr. Signal intensity, infarct-over-normal contrast ratio and relative infarct size were quantified, compared, and correlated with the results of postmortem MRI and triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) histochemical staining. RESULTS A contrast ratio over 3.0 was induced by both Gd-DTPA and ECIII-60. However, while the delayed enhancement with Gd-DTPA virtually vanished in 1 hr, ECIII-60 at an 80x smaller dose depicted the MI accurately over 5 hr as proven by ex vivo MRI and TTC staining. CONCLUSION Both Gd-DTPA and ECIII-60 strongly enhanced acute MI. Comparing with fading contrast in a narrow time window with intravenous Gd-DTPA, intracoronary ECIII-60 persistently demarcated the acute MI, indicating a potential method for postprocedural assessment of myocardial viability after coronary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyang Jin
- Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Ni Y, Mulier S, Miao Y, Michel L, Marchal G. A review of the general aspects of radiofrequency ablation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 30:381-400. [PMID: 15776302 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-004-0253-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As an alternative to standard surgical resection for the treatment of malignant tumors, radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has rapidly evolved into the most popular minimally invasive therapy. To help readers gain the relevant background knowledge and to better understand the other reviews in this Feature Section on the clinical applications of RFA in different abdominal organs, the present report covers the general aspects of RFA. After an introduction, we present a simple definition of the energy applied during RFA, a brief historical review of its technical evolution, and an explanation of the mechanism of action of RFA. These basic discussions are substantiated with descriptions of RFA equipment including those commercially available and those under preclinical development. The size and geometry of induced lesions in relation to RFA efficacy and side effects are discussed. The unique pathophysiologic process of thermal tissue damage and the corresponding histomorphologic manifestations after RFA are detailed and cross-referenced with the findings in the current literature. The crucial role of imaging technology during and after RFA is also addressed, including some promising new developments. This report finishes with a summary of the key messages and a perspective on further technologic refinements and identifies some specific priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ni
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Catholic University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Abstract
Two categories of necrosis-avid contrast agents (NACAs), namely porphyrin- and nonporphyrin-based complexes, have thus far been discovered as necrosis-targeting markers for noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) identification of acute myocardial infarction, assessment of tissue or organ viability, and therapeutic evaluation after interventional therapies. In addition to necrosis labeling, other less-specific functions, such as first-pass perfusion, blood pool contrast effect, hepatobiliary contrast enhancement (CE), adrenal and spleen CE, and renal functional imaging, also are demonstrated with NACAs. Despite various investigations with a collection of clues in favor of certain hypotheses, the mechanisms of such a unique targetability for NACAs still remain to be elucidated. However, a few things have become clear that porphyrin-like structures are not necessary for necrosis avidity and the albumin binding is not the supposed driving force but only a parallel nonspecific feature shared by both NACAs and non-NACA substances. Although the research and development of NACAs still remain in preclinical stage at a relatively small scale, their significance rests upon striking enhancement effects, which may warrant their eventual versatile clinical applications. The present review article is intended to summarize the cumulated facts about the evolving research on this topic, to demonstrate experimental observations for better understanding of the mechanisms, to trigger broader public interests and more intensive research activities, and to advocate, toward both academics and industries, further promotion of preclinical and clinical development of this unique and promising class of contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Ni
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Ni Y, Dymarkowski S, Chen F, Bogaert J, Marchal G. Proper Handling of Research with Invalid Conclusions [letter]. Radiology 2003; 229:608-9; author reply 609-10. [PMID: 14595159 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2292030409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ni Y, Dymarkowski S, Chen F, Bogaert J, Marchal G. Occlusive myocardial infarction enhanced or not enhanced with necrosis-avid contrast agents at MR imaging. Radiology 2002; 225:603-5; author reply 605-6. [PMID: 12409601 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2252020113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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