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Elrashidy RA, Ibrahim SE. Cinacalcet as a surrogate therapy for diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats through AMPK-mediated promotion of mitochondrial and autophagic function. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 421:115533. [PMID: 33848515 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Decreased activity of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Recent evidence suggests a crosstalk between cinacalcet and AMPK activation. This study investigated the effects of cinacalcet on cardiac remodeling and dysfunction in type 2 diabetic rats (T2DM). High fat diet for 4 weeks combined with single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (30 mg/kg) was used to induce type 2 diabetes in rats. Diabetic rats were either orally treated with vehicle, 5 or 10 mg/kg cinacalcet for 4 weeks. Control rats were fed standard chow diet and intraperitoneally injected with citrate buffer. T2DM rats showed lower body weight (BW), hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia, along with increased heart weight (HW) and HW/BW ratio. Masson's trichrome stained cardiac sections revealed massive fibrosis in T2DM rats. There were increased TGF-β1 and hydroxyproline levels, coupled with up-regulation of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in hearts of T2DM rats. These alterations were associated with redox imbalance and impaired cardiac functions. Decreased phosphorylation of AMPK at threonine172 residue was found in T2DM hearts. Cinacalcet for 4 weeks significantly activated AMPK and alleviated cardiac remodeling and dysfunction in a dose-dependent manner, without affecting blood glucose, serum calcium and phosphorus levels. Cinacalcet increased the mitochondrial DNA content, and expressions of PGC-1α, UCP-3, beclin-1 and LC3-II/LC3-I ratio. Cinacalcet decreased the pro-apoptotic Bax, while increased the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 in cardiac tissue of T2DM rats. These findings might highlight cinacalcet as an alternative therapy to combat the development and progression of DCM.
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MESH Headings
- AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Autophagy/drug effects
- Cinacalcet/pharmacology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/enzymology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/enzymology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/enzymology
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/etiology
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/physiopathology
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/prevention & control
- Fibrosis
- Hemodynamics/drug effects
- Male
- Mitochondria, Heart/drug effects
- Mitochondria, Heart/enzymology
- Mitochondria, Heart/pathology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/enzymology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Rats, Wistar
- Signal Transduction
- Streptozocin
- Ventricular Remodeling/drug effects
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania A Elrashidy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Samah E Ibrahim
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Chen Y, Zhu W, Shu F, Fan Y, Yang N, Wu T, Ji L, Xie W, Bade R, Jiang S, Liu X, Shao G, Wu G, Jia X. Nd 2O 3 Nanoparticles Induce Toxicity and Cardiac/Cerebrovascular Abnormality in Zebrafish Embryos via the Apoptosis Pathway. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:387-400. [PMID: 32021186 PMCID: PMC6987978 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s220785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Rare-earth nanoparticles in the environment and human body pose a potential threat to human health. Although toxic effects of rare-earth nanoparticles have been extensively studied, the effects on the early development are not well understood. In this study, we attempted to explain the toxic effects of neodymium oxide (Nd2O3) nanoparticles on early development. Methods We added the Nd2O3 nanoparticles at different concentrations and recorded the mortality and malformation rate per 24 hrs under a microscope. The live embryos treated with Nd2O3 nanoparticles were imaged as movies and Z step lapses with a confocal microscope, and heart rates were counted for 30 s to measure the cardiac function. The live Tg (Flk1:EGFP) transgenic embryos exposed to Nd2O3 nanoparticles were observed under confocal microscope to measure the cerebrovascular development. Subsequently, we extracted the total protein for Western blot at 5 days post-fertilisation (dpf). Embryos were collected to undergo TUNEL staining for apoptosis detection. Results Nd2O3 nanoparticles disturbed embryo development at high concentrations (>200 μg/mL). The mortality and malformation rate gradually increased in a dose-dependent manner by morphological observation, while the Nd2O3 median lethal concentration (LD50) was 203.4 μg/mL at 120 hrs post-fertilisation (hpf). Furthermore, the Nd2O3-treated embryos showed severe arrhythmia and reduced heart rate. We also observed the markedly cerebrovascular disappearance at middle concentration (100 and 200 μg/mL). The downregulated autophagy flux in brain blood vessels and increased apoptosis level in neurons might affect vessels sprouting and contribute to the vanished cerebrovascular. Conclusion The results suggested that the embryos exposed to Nd2O3 activated the apoptosis pathway and induced toxicity and abnormal cardiac/cerebrovascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Biomedicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, People's Republic of China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Translational Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Conditioning Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Shu
- Third Hospital of Baotou, Baotou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Fan
- Biomedicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, People's Republic of China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Translational Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Yang
- Biomedicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, People's Republic of China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Translational Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wu
- Biomedicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, People's Republic of China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Translational Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Ji
- Biomedicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, People's Republic of China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Translational Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xie
- Biomedicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, People's Republic of China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Translational Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, People's Republic of China
| | - Rengui Bade
- Biomedicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, People's Republic of China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Translational Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyuan Jiang
- Biomedicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, People's Republic of China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Translational Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- Biomedicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, People's Republic of China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Translational Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo Shao
- Biomedicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, People's Republic of China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Translational Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Conditioning Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wu
- Biomedicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, People's Republic of China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Translational Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoe Jia
- Biomedicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, People's Republic of China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Translational Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Conditioning Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Greisberg JK, Wolf JM, Wyman J, Zou L, Terek RM. Gadolinium inhibits thymidine incorporation and induces apoptosis in chondrocytes. J Orthop Res 2001; 19:797-801. [PMID: 11562123 DOI: 10.1016/s0736-0266(01)00025-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance arthrography. a procedure where contrast agents containing gadolinium are administered intra-articularly, has become a useful tool in musculoskeletal diagnosis. Although considered safe for systemic use, toxicities in some tissues have been identified for both free gadolinium ion and the gadolinium chelates used as contrast. In this study, the effects of short-term exposure of articular chondrocytes to gadolinium contrast were examined by assaying for proteoglycan synthesis, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Bovine chondrocytes were grown in monolayer culture and exposed to gadodiamide for 16 h. Proteoglycan synthesis was measured through incorporation of radiolabeled sulfate. Uptake of radiolabeled thymidine assessed cell proliferation. Apoptosis was detected using the TUNEL assay, where DNA strand breaks characteristic of apoptosis are labeled with fluorescent nucleotide. Proteoglycan synthesis was stimulated by lower dose exposure to gadodiamide. At higher doses, proteoglycan synthesis returned to baseline. Cell proliferation decreased following exposure to gadodiamide in a dose-dependent manner. Chondrocyte apoptosis was induced in a dose-dependent manner. Further work is needed to determine if these in vitro effects are present in the intact joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Greisberg
- Department of Orthopaedics, Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence 02903 USA
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