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Wang C, Fang W, Song L, Deng Z, Li Z, Sun L. Analysis of Clinical Features of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Induced Kounis Syndrome. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:901522. [PMID: 35898282 PMCID: PMC9309368 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.901522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Current knowledge of Kounis syndrome induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is based on case reports. This study aimed to investigate the clinical features of Kounis syndrome. Methods Case reports of the NSAIDs-induced Kounis syndrome were analyzed by searching Chinese and English databases from 1 January 1950 to 31 January 2022. Results The median age of the 45 included patients (28 women) was 51 years (20–80 years). NSAIDs that were the most frequently involved were diclofenac (26.7%, 12/45), metamizole (15.6%, 7/45), and aspirin (13.3%, 6/45). Kounis syndrome occurred mainly within 30 min after administration, with a maximum latency of 1 month. Chest pain (75.6%, 34/45), dyspnea (33.3%, 15/45), and allergic reactions (44.4%, 20/45) were the most common clinical manifestations. Thirty patients (66.7%) had an ST-segment elevation on the electrocardiogram. Echocardiogram and coronary angiography showed abnormalities in 21 patients (75%, 21/28) and 15 patients (37.5%, 15/40). Forty-four patients (97.8%) had a good prognosis after treatment with steroids, antihistamines, and vasodilators. Conclusion The possibility of Kounis syndrome should be considered in the presence of coronary artery disease symptoms when taking NSAIDs. Kounis syndrome can be life-threatening. It is essential to identify and treat Kounis syndrome correctly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjiang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weijin Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liying Song
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenzhen Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zuojun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Linli Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Linli Sun
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Bielory L, Tabliago NRA. Flavonoid and cannabinoid impact on the ocular surface. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 20:482-492. [PMID: 32796166 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To evaluate the impact of flavonoids and cannabinoids as anti-inflammatory and antiallergic treatments on the anterior surface of the eye. RECENT FINDINGS Allergic conjunctivitis and dry eye syndrome are common ocular surface diseases that have been treated with traditional pharmacological measures, e.g. corticosteroids, antihistamines. Given the side-effect profiles of these medications and the growing interest in complementary treatment modalities as part of integrative medical interventions, well known flavonoids, such as quercetin and catechin, are under investigation for topical and systemic application methods for relief. As flavonoid derivatives, pycnogenol and epigallocatechin gallate have alleviated dry eye symptoms, including lacrimal gland inflammation, tear secretion, and the stability of the tear film. Research on ocular cannabinoid receptors and response to synthetic cannabinoids are also being considered for therapy of anterior ocular disorders. The expansion of herbal formulations provides a framework for future treatment regimens for ocular surface disorders. SUMMARY Flavonoids and cannabinoids show promise as potential complementary treatment for allergic diseases because of their anti-inflammatory and antiallergic properties. Several studies implementing ocular and systemic application of these compounds show potential in becoming adjuvant treatment strategies for improving quality of life while also managing ocular surface disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Bielory
- Professor of Medicine, Allergy, Immunology and Ophthalmology, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Springfield
| | - Nikko Rowe A Tabliago
- Overlook Medical Center, Atlantic Health System, St. George's University Medical School, Summit, New Jersey, USA
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3
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Abstract
Background: Mast cells (MCs) have been implicated in a spectrum of allergic, immunologic, and infectious inflammatory conditions that involve different organ systems. MC activation can occur through several different surface receptors other than the well known IgE mediated pathway. Methods: We use two representative case reports from our practice to summarize what is currently known about MCAS disorders (reality) so that the clinician can more easily differentiate these conditions from other complex unexplained conditions that are being associated with MC activation (myth). Results: Many complex MC-related conditions, such as clonal MC diseases, have been well characterized but other MC-related disorders, such as MC activation syndrome (MCAS) and idiopathic anaphylaxis, still remain poorly defined. The current consensus recommendations for a diagnosis of MCAS require clinical symptoms of anaphylaxis that correlate with elevation of a MC activation biomarker(s), which improves with H1-antihistamines. Conclusion: Clinical symptoms of MCAS can overlap with other conditions, including neurogenic disorders, e.g., dysautonomia, which necessitate the importance for the clinician to render an accurate diagnosis so that appropriate treatment is provided.
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Weinstock LB, Pace LA, Rezaie A, Afrin LB, Molderings GJ. Mast Cell Activation Syndrome: A Primer for the Gastroenterologist. Dig Dis Sci 2021; 66:965-982. [PMID: 32328892 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06264-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mast cell activation syndrome is thought to be a common, yet under-recognized, chronic multi-system disorder caused by inappropriate mast cell activation. Gastrointestinal symptoms are frequently reported by these patients and are often mistaken by physicians as functional gastrointestinal disorders. This syndrome can be diagnosed by the medical history and measurable biomarkers. Gastroenterologists manage diseases associated with active inflammatory cells including neutrophils, lymphocytes, macrophages, and eosinophils. The mast cell has only recently been recognized as a major player in our specialty. Gastrointestinal disorders from mast cell mediators often present with apparent irritable bowel syndrome, dyspepsia, chronic or cyclical nausea, and heartburn. Individuals with mast cell activation syndrome experience significant delays in diagnosis. The gastrointestinal symptoms are often refractory to symptom-targeted prescription medications. Beyond avoiding triggers, the best therapy is directed at modulating mast cell activation and the effects of the mediators. Many of these therapies are simple over-the-counter medications. In this article, we review mast cell function and dysfunction and the gastrointestinal symptoms, comorbid conditions, diagnosis, and management of mast cell activation syndrome. Gastroenterologists who become aware of this syndrome can dramatically improve the quality of life for their patients who previously have been labeled with a functional gastrointestinal disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard B Weinstock
- Specialists in Gastroenterology, 11525 Olde Cabin Rd, St. Louis, MO, 63141, USA.
| | - Laura A Pace
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, 30 N 1900 E, SOM 4R118, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Ali Rezaie
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Gastroenterology, 8730 Alden Dr., Suite 204E, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Lawrence B Afrin
- Armonk Integrative Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, 3010 Westchester Avenue, Suite 401, Armonk, NY, 10577, USA
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Lucas H, Brauch C, Settas L, Theoharides T. Fibromyalgia - New Concepts of Pathogenesis and Treatment. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/205873920601900102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H.J. Lucas
- Special Clinic for FMS and CFS, Trier, Germany
| | | | - L. Settas
- Department of Rheumatology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - T.C. Theoharides
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Internal Medicine and Biochemistry, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts-New England Medical Center, USA
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Neuropeptides, Inflammation, and Diabetic Wound Healing: Lessons from Experimental Models and Human Subjects. CONTEMPORARY DIABETES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-89869-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Lv L, Liu C, Chen C, Yu X, Chen G, Shi Y, Qin F, Ou J, Qiu K, Li G. Quercetin and doxorubicin co-encapsulated biotin receptor-targeting nanoparticles for minimizing drug resistance in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 7:32184-99. [PMID: 27058756 PMCID: PMC5078006 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of a chemotherapeutic drug with a chemosensitizer has emerged as a promising strategy for cancers showing multidrug resistance (MDR). Herein we describe the simultaneous targeted delivery of two drugs to tumor cells by using biotin-decorated poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone) nanoparticles encapsulating the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin and the chemosensitizer quercetin (BNDQ). Next, the potential ability of BNDQ to reverse MDR in vitro and in vivo was investigated. Studies demonstrated that BNDQ was more effectively taken up with less efflux by doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7 breast cancer cells (MCF-7/ADR cells) than by the cells treated with the free drugs, single-drug–loaded nanoparticles, or non-biotin–decorated nanoparticles. BNDQ exhibited clear inhibition of both the activity and expression of P-glycoprotein in MCF-7/ADR cells. More importantly, it caused a significant reduction in doxorubicin resistance in MCF-7/ADR breast cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo, among all the groups. Overall, this study suggests that BNDQ has a potential role in the treatment of drug-resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lv
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunxia Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Zengcheng District People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou 511300, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuxiong Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoxia Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Guanghui Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Yonghui Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Fengchao Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiebin Ou
- Department of Pharmacy, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Kaifeng Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Guocheng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
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Taweevisit M, Klaikaew N. Correlation between mast cell density and histological parameters in Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis. ASIAN BIOMED 2017. [DOI: 10.5372/1905-7415.0501.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) are a major cause of chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer. This organism plays a role in gastric carcinoma and B-cell lymphoma. However, the exact pathogenesis of gastric inflammation is still unclear. Mast cells, the important inflammatory cells for allergic process, may participate in the pathogenesis of gastritis related to H. pylori infection.
Objective: Analyze the relationship between mast cell density, H. pylori intensity, histological alterations, and their severity of biopsy proven gastritis.
Methods: One hundred eleven biopsied specimens were collected from Thai patients who were diagnosed H. pylori-associated gastritis of the antrum at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital between 2002 and 2005. All biopsied specimens were examined according to the Updated Sydney System. Mast cell density was evaluated by 0.1% toluidine-stained sections.
Results: The higher mast cell density was correlated with increased neutrophilic infiltration (r = 0.220, p = 0.020), chronic inflammatory cell infiltration (r = 0.381, p <0.001), and lymphoid aggregation (r = 0.271, p = 0.004). No relationship was found between mast cell density and intensity of H. pylori, glandular atrophy, or intestinal metaplasia.
Conclusion: Mast cells might take part in the pathogenesis of H. pylori gastritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mana Taweevisit
- MD, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873, Rama IV, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Naruemon Klaikaew
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Penalva R, González-Navarro CJ, Gamazo C, Esparza I, Irache JM. Zein nanoparticles for oral delivery of quercetin: Pharmacokinetic studies and preventive anti-inflammatory effects in a mouse model of endotoxemia. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 13:103-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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10
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Theoharides TC, Sant GR. A Pilot Open Label Study of Cystoprotek® in Interstitial Cystitis. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016; 18:183-8. [PMID: 15698523 DOI: 10.1177/039463200501800119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a disorder of the urinary bladder characterized by urgency, frequency, nocturia and suprapubic pain. IC occurs primarily in women and symptoms are exacerbated by stress, ovulatory hormones and certain foods. IC pathogenesis is unknown, but the most consistent findings involve some dysfunction of the bladder glycosaminoglycan (GAG) protective layer and a high number of activated bladder mast cells. There is no effective therapy even through intravesical administration of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) or oral pentosanpolysulfate (PPS) have had variable success. A dietary supplement, CystoProtek®, was formulated with the natural GAG components chondroitin sulfate and sodium hyaluronate to provide urothelial cytoprotection, together with the flavonoid quercetin that has anti-inflammatory properties and inhibits activation of mast cells. Thirty-seven female patients diagnosed by the NIDDK criteria who had failed all forms of therapy took six softgel CystoProtek® capsules per day for 6 months. Global assessment scale was reduced from 9.0 ± 2.9 to 4.3 ± 2.1 (p <0.05); moreover, the O'Leary/Sant Symptom Index decreased from 16.3 ± 3.1 to 6.9 ± 4.2 (p <0.05) and the Problem Index from 13.1 ± 3.7 to 5.4 ± 4.0 (p <0.05). These results are very promising and warrant a larger study that may permit further analyses with respect to other, especially atopic, comorbid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Theoharides
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Biochemistry, and Internal Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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Chen Y, Lyga J. Brain-skin connection: stress, inflammation and skin aging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 13:177-90. [PMID: 24853682 PMCID: PMC4082169 DOI: 10.2174/1871528113666140522104422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The intricate relationship between stress and skin conditions has been documented since ancient times. Recent clinical observations also link psychological stress to the onset or aggravation of multiple skin diseases. However, the exact underlying mechanisms have only been studied and partially revealed in the past 20 years or so. In this review, the authors will discuss the recent discoveries in the field of “Brain-Skin Connection”, summarizing findings from the overlapping fields of psychology, endocrinology, skin neurobiology, skin inflammation, immunology, and pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Lyga
- Global R&D, Avon Products. 1 Avon Place, Suffern, NY 10901, USA.
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12
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Finite element models and molecular dynamic simulations for studying the response of mast cell under mechanical activation. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-014-0504-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Tiwari AK, Tomar GS, Ganguly CS, Kapoor MC. Kounis syndrome resulting from anaphylaxis to diclofenac. Indian J Anaesth 2013; 57:282-4. [PMID: 23983288 PMCID: PMC3748684 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5049.115614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
“Kounis syndrome” refers to acute coronary syndromes of varying degree (myocardial ischaemia to infarction) induced by mast cell activation as a result of allergic and anaphylactic reactions. ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction is a rare complication that can occur even in patients with normal coronary arteries due to anaphylactic reactions. We present a case that developed acute myocardial infarction following a diclofenac sodium-induced anaphylaxis. The patient did not have any previous coronary artery disease, but there was a temporal relationship with development of the anaphylactic reaction due to diclofenac sodium and the cardiac event. The patient was managed conservatively and the recovery was uneventful.
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Wu LX, Guo CX, Chen WQ, Yu J, Qu Q, Chen Y, Tan ZR, Wang G, Fan L, Li Q, Zhang W, Zhou HH. Inhibition of the organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1B1 by quercetin: an in vitro and in vivo assessment. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2012; 73:750-7. [PMID: 22114872 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2011.04150.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of quercetin on organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1) activities in vitro and on the pharmacokinetics of pravastatin, a typical substrate for OATP1B1 in healthy Chinese-Han male subjects. METHODS Using human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells stably expressing OATP1B1, we observed the effect of quercetin on OATP1B1-mediated uptake of estrone-3-sulphate (E3S) and pravastatin. The influence of quercetin on the pharmacokinetics of pravastatin was measured in 16 healthy Chinese-Han male volunteers receiving a single dose of pravastatin (40 mg orally) after co-administration of placebo or 500 mg quercetin capsules (once daily orally for 14 days). RESULTS Quercetin competitively inhibited OATP1B1-mediated E3S uptake with a K(i) value of 17.9 ± 4.6 µm and also inhibited OATP1B1-mediated pravastatin uptake in a concentration dependent manner (IC(50) , 15.9 ± 1.4 µm). In healthy Chinese-Han male subjects, quercetin increased the pravastatin area under the plasma concentration - time curve (AUC(0,10 h) and the peak plasma drug concentration (C(max)) to 24% (95% CI 15, 32%, P < 0.001) and 31% (95% CI 20, 42%, P < 0.001), respectively. After administration of quercetin, the elimination half-life (t(1/2) ) of pravastatin was prolonged by 14% (95% CI 4, 24%, P = 0.027), with no change in the time to reach C(max) (t(max) ). Moreover, quercetin decreased the apparent clearance (CL/F) of pravastatin by 18% (95% CI 75, 89%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that quercetin inhibits the OATP1B1-mediated transport of E3S and pravastatin in vitro and also has a modest inhibitory influence on the pharmacokinetics of pravastatin in healthy Chinese-Han male volunteers. The effects of quercetin on other OATP1B1 substrate drugs deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Xiang Wu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Wu LX, Guo CX, Qu Q, Yu J, Chen WQ, Wang G, Fan L, Li Q, Zhang W, Zhou HH. Effects of natural products on the function of human organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1. Xenobiotica 2011; 42:339-48. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2011.623796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Pathophysiology of the Behçet's Disease. PATHOLOGY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2011; 2012:493015. [PMID: 21977335 PMCID: PMC3184427 DOI: 10.1155/2012/493015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Behçet's disease (BD) is a multisystemic disease of unknown etiology characterized by chronic relapsing oral-genital ulcers and uveitis. Multiple systemic associations including articular, gastrointestinal, cardiopulmonary, neurologic, and vascular involvement are also observed in BD. Although the etiopathogenesis of the disease remains unknown, increased neutrophil functions such as chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide anion, which may be responsible for oxidative tissue damage seen in BD, and also immunological alterations, T lymphocyte abnormalities in both subpopulation and function have been considered to be correlated with the etiopathogenesis of BD. There is some clinical evidence suggesting that emotional stress and hormonal alterations can influence the course and disease activity of BD.
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Shi Y, Qi L, Wang J, Xu MS, Zhang D, Wu LY, Wu HG. Moxibustion activates mast cell degranulation at the ST25 in rats with colitis. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:3733-8. [PMID: 21990955 PMCID: PMC3181459 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i32.3733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Revised: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effects of moxibustion on the morphology and function of mast cells (MC) at Tianshu (ST25) in rats with trinitro-benzene-sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis.
METHODS: A total of 53 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normal group and experimental group. In the experimental group, a rat model of TNBS-induced colitis was established, and the rats were then randomly divided into a model group, moxibustion group, moxibustion plus disodium cromoglycate (M + DC) group and moxibustion plus normal saline (M + NS) group. Rats in the moxibustion group received suspended moxibustion at bilateral ST25 for 10 min, once a day for 7 d. Rats in the M + DC and M + NS groups were pretreated with disodium cromoglycate and normal saline at bilateral ST25, respectively, and were then concurrently subjected to the same treatment as rats in the moxibustion group. The hematoxylin-eosin staining method was used to observe histology of the colon and the toluidine blue-improved method was used to observe mast cells at ST25 acupoint areas.
RESULTS: An improvement in colonic injury in the moxibustion group was observed and the degranulation ratio of MC at ST25 acupoint was markedly higher in the moxibustion group than in the model group (45.91 ± 11.41 vs 32.58 ± 8.28, P < 0.05). After inhibition of degranulation of MC at ST25 by disodium cromoglycate, no improvement in colon tissue injury was observed.
CONCLUSION: Moxibustion exerted its effect on healing impaired colonic mucosa in rats with TNBS-induced colitis by increasing the degranulation ratio of local MC, but had little effect on the morphology of MC at ST25 acupoint.
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Kim JH, Kang MJ, Choi HN, Jeong SM, Lee YM, Kim JI. Quercetin attenuates fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia in animal models of diabetes mellitus. Nutr Res Pract 2011; 5:107-11. [PMID: 21556223 PMCID: PMC3085798 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2011.5.2.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the hypoglycemic effects of quercetin (QE) in animal models of diabetes mellitus (DM). A starch solution (1 g/kg) with and without QE (100 mg/kg) or acarbose (40 mg/kg) was orally administered to streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats after an overnight fast. Postprandial plasma glucose levels were measured and incremental areas under the response curve were calculated. To study the effects of chronic feeding of QE, five-week-old db/db mice were fed an AIN-93G diet, a diet containing QE at 0.08%, or a diet containing acarbose at 0.03% for 7 weeks after 1 week of adaptation. Plasma glucose and insulin, blood glycated hemoglobin, and maltase activity of the small intestine were measured. Oral administration of QE (100 mg/kg) or acarbose (40 mg/kg) to STZ-treated rats significantly decreased incremental plasma glucose levels 30-180 min after a single oral dose of starch and the area under the postprandial glucose response, compared with the control group. QE (0.08% of diet) or acarbose (0.03% of diet) offered to db/db mice significantly reduced both plasma glucose and blood glycated hemoglobin compared to controls without significant influence on plasma insulin. Small intestine maltase activities were significantly reduced by consumption of QE or acarbose. Thus, QE could be effective in controlling fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels in animal models of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Kim
- Department of Smart Foods and Drugs, School of Food and Life Science, Inje University, 607 Obang-dong, Gimhae, Gyungnam 621-749, Korea
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Éducation et thérapies parallèles dans la prise en charge thérapeutique des douleurs pelvipérinéales chroniques. Prog Urol 2010; 20:1089-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2010.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Oh PS, Lim KT. Anti-inflammatory effect of glycoprotein isolated from Cudrania tricuspidata Bureau: involvement of MAPK/NF-κB signaling. Immunol Invest 2010; 40:76-91. [PMID: 20923328 DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2010.516049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate inhibitory effect of glycoprotein isolated from Cudrania tricuspidata Bureau (CTB glycoprotein) on allergic responses. We evaluated the activities of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), transcriptional factor, and production of immunoglobulin (Ig)E and interleukin (IL)-4 in RBL-2H3 cells and BALB/c mice. Our results showed that CTB glycoprotein inhibited the production of IgE and IL-4 in serum from ovalbumin (OVA)-treated BALB/c mice. We also found that CTB glycoprotein inhibited the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, and transcriptional activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB in RBL-2H3 cells. The activation of NF-κB was effectively blocked by treatment with p38 MAPK inhibitor (SKF86002). The results from these experiments indicate that the CTB glycoprotein inhibits release of β-hexosaminidase, and production of IgE and IL-4 via down regulation of MAPK/ NF-κB on the stage of mast cell degranulation. In conclusion, we suggest that the CTB glycoprotein might be a potent preventive agent in allergic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil-Sun Oh
- Molecular Biochemistry Laboratory, Biotechnology Research Institute and Center for the Control of Animal Hazards Using Biotechnology (BK21), Chonnam National University, Gwang-ju 500-757, South Korea
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Ayala-Zavala JF, Rosas-Domínguez C, Vega-Vega V, González-Aguilar GA. Antioxidant enrichment and antimicrobial protection of fresh-cut fruits using their own byproducts: looking for integral exploitation. J Food Sci 2010; 75:R175-81. [PMID: 21535513 PMCID: PMC3032914 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01792.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fresh-cut fruit consumption is increasing due to the rising public demand for convenience and awareness of fresh-cut fruit's health benefits. The entire tissue of fruits and vegetables is rich in bioactive compounds, such as phenolic compounds, carotenoids, and vitamins. The fresh-cut fruit industry deals with the perishable character of its products and the large percentage of byproducts, such as peels, seeds, and unused flesh that are generated by different steps of the industrial process. In most cases, the wasted byproducts can present similar or even higher contents of antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds than the final produce can. In this context, this hypothesis article finds that the antioxidant enrichment and antimicrobial protection of fresh-cut fruits, provided by the fruit's own byproducts, could be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- JF Ayala-Zavala
- Authors are with Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD, AC)Carretera a la Victoria Km 0.6, La Victoria. Hermosillo, Sonora (83000) Mexico. Direct inquiries to author Ayala-Zavala (E-mail: )
| | - C Rosas-Domínguez
- Authors are with Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD, AC)Carretera a la Victoria Km 0.6, La Victoria. Hermosillo, Sonora (83000) Mexico. Direct inquiries to author Ayala-Zavala (E-mail: )
| | - V Vega-Vega
- Authors are with Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD, AC)Carretera a la Victoria Km 0.6, La Victoria. Hermosillo, Sonora (83000) Mexico. Direct inquiries to author Ayala-Zavala (E-mail: )
| | - GA González-Aguilar
- Authors are with Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD, AC)Carretera a la Victoria Km 0.6, La Victoria. Hermosillo, Sonora (83000) Mexico. Direct inquiries to author Ayala-Zavala (E-mail: )
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Chen C, Zhou J, Ji C. Quercetin: a potential drug to reverse multidrug resistance. Life Sci 2010; 87:333-8. [PMID: 20637779 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2010.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2010] [Revised: 06/22/2010] [Accepted: 07/07/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review centers on recent findings with respect to modulating cancer multidrug resistance (MDR) with the well-known flavonoid quercetin. After a short introduction of quercetin, major in vitro and in vivo findings are summarized showing that quercetin is a MDR modulator and thus a potential chemosensitizer. Finally, we contemplate future prospects of modulating MDR in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
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Bischoff SC. Physiological and pathophysiological functions of intestinal mast cells. Semin Immunopathol 2009; 31:185-205. [PMID: 19533134 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-009-0165-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2009] [Accepted: 05/25/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The normal gastrointestinal (GI) mucosa is equipped with mast cells that account for 2-3% of lamina propria cells under normal conditions. Mast cells are generally associated with allergic disease, and indeed, food allergy that manifests in the GI tract is usually mast cell dependent. On the other hand, mast cells have a number of physiological functions in the GI tract, namely regulatory functions such as control of blood flow and coagulation, smooth muscle contraction and peristalsis, and secretion of acid, electrolytes, and mucus by epithelial cells. One of the most intriguing functions of intestinal mast cells is their role in host defense against microbes like bacteria, viruses, or parasites. Mast cells recognize microbes by antibody-dependent mechanisms and through pattern-recognition receptors. They direct the subsequent immune response by attracting both granulocytes and lymphocytes to the site of challenge via paracrine cytokine release. Moreover, mast cells initiate, by releasing proinflammatory mediators, innate defense mechanisms such as enhanced epithelial secretion, peristalsis, and alarm programs of the enteric nervous This initiation can occur in response to a primary contact to the microbe or other danger signals, but becomes much more effective if the triggering antigen reappears and antibodies of the IgE or IgG type have been generated in the meantime by the specific immune system. Thus, mast cells operate at the interface between innate and adaptive immune responses to enhance the defense against pathogens and, most likely, the commensal flora. In this respect, it is important to note that mast cells are directly involved in controlling the function of the intestinal barrier that turned out to be a crucial site for the development of infectious and immune-mediated diseases. Hence, intestinal mast cells perform regulatory functions to maintain tissue homeostasis, they are involved in host defense mechanisms against pathogens, and they can induce allergy once they are sensitized against foreign antigens. The broad spectrum of functions makes mast cells a fascinating target for future pharmacological or nutritional interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan C Bischoff
- Department of Nutritional Medicine & Immunology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
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Ishikawa Y, Tokura T, Ushio H, Niyonsaba F, Yamamoto Y, Tadokoro T, Ogawa H, Okumura K. Lipid-soluble components of honeybee-collected pollen exert antiallergic effect by inhibiting IgE-mediated mast cell activation in vivo. Phytother Res 2009; 23:1581-6. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Complementary and alternative medicine: herbs, phytochemicals and vitamins and their immunologic effects. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 123:283-94; quiz 295-6. [PMID: 19203652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2008] [Revised: 12/18/2008] [Accepted: 12/19/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) are used in more than 80% of the world's population and are becoming an increasing component of the US health care system, with more than 70% of the population using CAM at least once and annual spending reaching as much as $34 billion. Since the inception of the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, there has been an enormous increase in the number of basic science and therapy-based clinical trials exploring CAM. The subspecialty of allergy and immunology represents a particularly fertile area with a large number of CAM therapies that have been shown to affect the immune system. Recent work has uncovered potential biochemical mechanisms involved in the immunomodulatory pathway of many supplemental vitamins (A, D, and E) that appear to affect the differentiation of CD4(+) cell T(H)1 and T(H)2 subsets. Other research has shown that herbs such as resveratrol, quercetin, and magnolol may affect transcription factors such as nuclear factor-kappaB and the signal transducer and activator of transcription/Janus kinase pathways with resultant changes in cytokines and inflammatory mediators. Clinically, there have been hundreds of trials looking at the effect of CAM on asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis. This article reviews the history of CAM and its use among patients, paying special attention to new research focusing on herbals, phytochemicals, and vitamins and their potential interaction with the immune system.
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Zhang D, Ding G, Shen X, Yao W, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Lin J, Gu Q. Role of mast cells in acupuncture effect: a pilot study. Explore (NY) 2008; 4:170-7. [PMID: 18466847 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2008.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
To better understand the therapeutic effectiveness of acupuncture, questions about the underlying mechanisms need to be addressed. Here we describe the impact of manual stimulation by an acupuncture needle of zusanli (stomach 36 [ST36]) on analgesia in rats. The analgesic effect was more pronounced after stimulation of ST36 than after stimulation of a sham point near the acupuncture point. At the same time, we determined in tissue slices the density of mast cells in the acupuncture points and nearby points, as well as the degree of degranulation before and after stimulation. We found that the density of mast cells from the ST36 of rats was higher than that from a nearby sham point. In addition, acupuncture resulted in a remarkable increase in degranulation of the mast cells. Pretreatment of the acupuncture point with disodium chromoglycate not only counteracted the phenomenon of degranulation but also reduced analgesic effect of acupuncture. Our experiments on inhibition of degranulation of mast cells in tissue from acupuncture points demonstrates the possible role of mast cells in acupuncture effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- Shanghai Research Center of Acupuncture and Meridians, Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Papiez M, Cierniak A, Krzysciak W, Bzowska M, Taha H, Jozkowicz A, Piskula M. The changes of antioxidant defense system caused by quercetin administration do not lead to DNA damage and apoptosis in the spleen and bone marrow cells of rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 46:3053-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2008] [Revised: 06/02/2008] [Accepted: 06/11/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Corren J, Lemay M, Lin Y, Rozga L, Randolph RK. Clinical and biochemical effects of a combination botanical product (ClearGuard) for allergy: a pilot randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Nutr J 2008; 7:20. [PMID: 18625073 PMCID: PMC2491648 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-7-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2008] [Accepted: 07/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Botanical products are frequently used for treatment of nasal allergy. Three of these substances, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Malpighia glabra, and Bidens pilosa, have been shown to have a number of anti-allergic properties in-vitro. The current study was conducted to determine the effects of these combined ingredients upon the nasal response to allergen challenge in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Methods Twenty subjects were randomized to receive the combination botanical product, (CBP) 2 tablets three times a day, loratadine, 10 mg once a day in the morning, or placebo, using a randomized, double-blinded crossover design. Following 2 days of each treatment and during the third day of treatment, subjects underwent a nasal allergen challenge (NAC), in which nasal symptoms were assessed after each challenge dose and every 2 hours for 8 hours. Nasal lavage fluid was assessed for tryptase, prostaglandin D2, and leukotriene E4 concentrations and inflammatory cells. Results Loratadine significantly reduced the total nasal symptom score during the NAC compared with placebo (P = 0.04) while the CBP did not. During the 8 hour period following NAC, loratadine and the CBP both reduced NSS compared with placebo (P = 0.034 and P = 0.029, respectively). Analysis of nasal lavage fluid demonstrated that the CBP prevented the increase in prostaglandin D2 release following NAC, while neither loratadine nor placebo had this effect. None of the treatments significantly affected tryptase or leukotriene E4 release or inflammatory cell infiltration. Conclusion The CBP significantly reduced NSS during the 8 hours following NAC and marginally inhibited the release of prostaglandin D2 into nasal lavage fluid, suggesting potential clinical utility in patients with allergic rhinitis.
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Hu P, Wang M, Chen WH, Liu J, Chen L, Yin ST, Yong W, Chen JT, Wang HL, Ruan DY. Quercetin relieves chronic lead exposure-induced impairment of synaptic plasticity in rat dentate gyrus in vivo. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2008; 378:43-51. [PMID: 18458876 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-008-0301-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2008] [Accepted: 04/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that lead (Pb) produces impairments partly through oxidative stress. Though many researchers have investigated protective effect of some antioxidant nutrients against Pb toxicity, little information is available about the effect of antioxidants on Pb-induced impairment of synaptic plasticity. Quercetin, a strong antioxidant and radical scavenger, is the representative natural flavonoid molecule abundant in fruits and vegetables. Previous studies have found that quercetin was neuroprotective in many cases. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of quercetin on chronic Pb exposure-induced impairment of synaptic plasticity in adult rat dentate gyrus (DG) area in vivo. The input/output (I/O) functions, paired-pulse reactions (PPR), excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP), and population spike (PS) amplitude were measured in the DG area of different groups of rats in response to stimulation applied to the lateral perforant path. The results showed that the depressed I/O, PPR, and long-term potentiation (LTP) of Pb-exposed group were significantly increased by quercetin treatment. In addition, hippocampal Pb concentration was partially reduced after quercetin treatment. These findings suggest that quercetin treatment could relieve chronic Pb exposure-induced impairment of synaptic plasticity and might be a potential therapeutic intervention to cure cognitive deficits induced by Pb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Hu
- Department of Neurobiology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, Peoples Republic of China
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31
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Ishikawa Y, Tokura T, Nakano N, Hara M, Niyonsaba F, Ushio H, Yamamoto Y, Tadokoro T, Okumura K, Ogawa H. Inhibitory Effect of Honeybee-Collected Pollen on Mast Cell Degranulation In Vivo and In Vitro. J Med Food 2008; 11:14-20. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2006.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Ishikawa
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Tokura
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Nakano
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mutsuko Hara
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - François Niyonsaba
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Ushio
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Yamamoto
- Department of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Tadokoro
- Department of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ko Okumura
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideoki Ogawa
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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EBISAWA M, SHOJI K, KATO M, SHIMOMURA K, GOTO F, YOSHIHARA T. Supplementary Ultraviolet Radiation B Together with Blue Light at Night Increased Quercetin Content and Flavonol Synthase Gene Expression in Leaf Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.2525/ecb.46.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Abstract
Mast cells play an important role in the immune system by interacting with B and T cells and by releasing several mediators involved in activating other cells. Hyperreactivity of mast cells and their uncontrolled accumulation in tissues lead to increased release of inflammatory mediators contributing to the pathogenesis of several diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and allergic disorders such as asthma and allergic rhinitis. Interference with mast cell proliferation, survival, degranulation, and migration by synthetic or natural compounds may represent a preventive strategy for the management of these diseases. Natural vitamin E covers a group of eight analogues-the alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherols and the alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocotrienols, but only alpha-tocopherol is efficiently retained by the liver and distributed to peripheral tissues. Mast cells preferentially locate in the proximity of tissues that interface with the external environment (the epithelial surface of the skin, the gastrointestinal mucosa, and the respiratory system), what may render them accessible to treatments with inefficiently retained natural vitamin E analogues and synthetic derivatives. In addition to scavenging free radicals, the natural vitamin E analogues differently modulate signal transduction and gene expression in several cell lines; in mast cells, protein kinase C, protein phosphatase 2A, and protein kinase B are affected by vitamin E, leading to the modulation of proliferation, apoptosis, secretion, and migration. In this chapter, the possibility that vitamin E can prevent diseases with mast cells involvement by modulating signal transduction and gene expression is evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Zingg
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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Harwood M, Danielewska-Nikiel B, Borzelleca JF, Flamm GW, Williams GM, Lines TC. A critical review of the data related to the safety of quercetin and lack of evidence of in vivo toxicity, including lack of genotoxic/carcinogenic properties. Food Chem Toxicol 2007; 45:2179-205. [PMID: 17698276 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 596] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2006] [Revised: 05/18/2007] [Accepted: 05/22/2007] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin is a naturally-occurring flavonol (a member of the flavonoid family of compounds) that has a long history of consumption as part of the normal human diet. Because a number of biological properties of quercetin may be beneficial to human health, interest in the addition of this flavonol to various traditional food products has been increasing. Prior to the use of quercetin in food applications that would increase intake beyond that from naturally-occurring levels of the flavonol in the typical Western diet, its safety needs to be established or confirmed. This review provides a critical examination of the scientific literature associated with the safety of quercetin. Results of numerous genotoxicity and mutagenicity, short- and long-term animal, and human studies are reviewed in the context of quercetin exposure in vivo. To reconcile results of in vitro studies, which consistently demonstrated quercetin-related mutagenicity to the absence of carcinogenicity in vivo, the mechanisms that lead to the apparent in vitro mutagenicity, and those that ensure absence of quercetin toxicity in vivo are discussed. The weight of the available evidence supports the safety of quercetin for addition to food.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Harwood
- CANTOX Health Sciences International, 2233 Argentia Road, Suite 308, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5N 2X7.
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Abstract
Painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis (PBS/IC) is a disease of unknown aetiology, characterised by severe pressure and pain in the bladder area or lower pelvis that is frequently or typically relieved by voiding, along with urgency or frequency of urination in the absence of urinary tract infections. PBS/IC occurs primarily in women, is increasingly recognised in young adults, and may affect as many as 0.1-1% of adult women. PBS/IC is often comorbid with allergies, endometriosis, fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome and panic syndrome, all of which are worsened by stress. As a result, patients may visit as many as five physicians, including family practitioners, internists, gynaecologists, urologists and pain specialists, leading to confusion and frustration. There is no curative treatment; intravesical dimethyl sulfoxide, as well as oral amitriptyline, pentosan polysulfate and hydroxyzine have variable results, with success more likely when these drugs are given together. Pilot clinical trials suggest that the flavonoid quercetin may be helpful. Lack of early diagnosis and treatment can affect outcomes and leads to the development of hyperalgesia/allodynia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theoharis C Theoharides
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Bischoff SC. Role of mast cells in allergic and non-allergic immune responses: comparison of human and murine data. Nat Rev Immunol 2007; 7:93-104. [PMID: 17259966 DOI: 10.1038/nri2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 445] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The versatile role of mast cells in allergy, in innate immune responses and in the regulation of tissue homeostasis is well recognized. However, it is often not made clear that most mast-cell data derive solely from experiments in mice or rats, species that obviously never suffer from allergic and most other mast-cell-associated human diseases. Data on human mast cells are limited, and the mast-cell source and species from which findings derive are frequently not indicated in the titles and summaries of research publications. This Review summarizes recent data on human mast cells, discusses differences with murine mast cells, and describes new tools to study this increasingly meaningful cell type in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan C Bischoff
- Department of Nutritional Medicine & Immunology, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany.
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Arck PC, Slominski A, Theoharides TC, Peters EMJ, Paus R. Neuroimmunology of stress: skin takes center stage. J Invest Dermatol 2006; 126:1697-704. [PMID: 16845409 PMCID: PMC2232898 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Like few other organs, the skin is continuously exposed to multiple exogenous and endogenous stressors. Superimposed on this is the impact of psychological stress on skin physiology and pathology. Here, we review the "brain-skin connection," which may underlie inflammatory skin diseases triggered or aggravated by stress, and we summarize relevant general principles of skin neuroimmunology and neuroendocrinology. Specifically, we portray the skin and its appendages as both a prominent target of key stress mediators (such as corticotropin-releasing hormone, ACTH, cortisol, catecholamines, prolactin, substance P, and nerve growth factor) and a potent source of these prototypic, immunomodulatory mediators of the stress responses. We delineate current views on the role of mast cell-dependent neurogenic skin inflammation and discuss the available evidence that the skin has established a fully functional peripheral equivalent of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis as an independent, local stress response system. To cope with stress-induced oxidative damage, the skin and hair follicles also express melatonin, probably the most potent neuroendocrine antioxidant. Lastly, we outline major, as-yet unmet challenges in cutaneous stress research, particularly in the study of the cross-talk between peripheral and systemic responses to psychological stress and in the identification of promising molecular targets for therapeutic stress intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra C Arck
- Biomedical Research Center, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW All Pubmed-listed articles generated by the search terms 'pelvic' and 'pain' from the year 2004 (plus or minus 6 months) were examined for relevance to pain management therapeutics. An emphasis was given to clinical studies related to chronic pain disorders. RECENT FINDINGS Use of the descriptive diagnosis 'pelvic pain', traditionally limited to gynecological pains, has now been generalized to include male populations with similar symptom complexes arising from organs of reproduction and other pelvic organ systems such as the gastrointestinal tract and urological structures. Clinical studies have sought to refine or test existing 'standard' therapies for current pain groupings, and have frequently obtained frustrating results because many therapies appear to be effective in only a subset of patients. Notably, the same therapeutics appear to be effective in similar subsets of patients with other protean disorders. SUMMARY A commonality of symptoms suggests a commonality of pathophysiology, although this has not proved to be globally true. The success of therapeutic options appears to depend upon a stratification of previous pain groupings into overlapping subsets each with their effective treatment. Current studies are still defining these subsets and finding monotherapies to be inadequate for whole populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Ness
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, BMR#2-202, 901 19th Street S, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, USA.
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Castellani ML, Kempuraj D, Frydas S, Theoharides TC, Simeonidou I, Conti P, Vecchiet J. Inhibitory effect of quercetin on tryptase and MCP-1 chemokine release, and histidine decarboxylase mRNA transcription by human mast cell-1 cell line. Neuroimmunomodulation 2006; 13:179-86. [PMID: 17191019 DOI: 10.1159/000098131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2006] [Accepted: 10/27/2006] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are important in reactions of allergic disease and are also involved in a variety of neuroinflammatory diseases. Mast cells can be immunologically activated by IgE through their Fc receptors, as well as by neuropeptides and cytokines to secrete mediators. Here we used a human mast cell-1 (HMC-1) cell line cultured and treated with a physiological activator, anti-IgE, and a nonphysiological activator, calcium ionophore A23187, for tryptase and MCP-1 generation and transcription of histidine decarboxylase. We used quercetin, a potent antioxidant, cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory compound capable of inhibiting histamine and some cytokines released from several cell types, as an inhibitor of immunological and nonimmunological stimulus for mast cells. In this study quercetin inhibits, in a dose-response manner, tryptase and MCP-1. Moreover, using RT-PCR quercetin inhibited the transcription of histidine decarboxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme responsible for the generation of histamine from histidine, and MCP-1. Our data suggest that quercetin is an important and good candidate for reducing the release of pro-inflammatory mast cell mediators activated by physiological and nonphysiological stimulators.
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Theoharides TC, Papaliodis D, Tagen M, Konstantinidou A, Kempuraj D, Clemons A. Chronic fatigue syndrome, mast cells, and tricyclic antidepressants. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2005; 25:515-20. [PMID: 16282830 DOI: 10.1097/01.jcp.0000193483.89260.a7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kounis NG. Kounis syndrome (allergic angina and allergic myocardial infarction): a natural paradigm? Int J Cardiol 2005; 110:7-14. [PMID: 16249041 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2005.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2005] [Revised: 08/01/2005] [Accepted: 08/06/2005] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory mediators including histamine, neutral proteases, arachidonic acid products, platelet activating factor and a variety of cytokines and chemokines are increased in blood or urine in both allergic episodes and acute coronary syndromes. The release of mediators during allergic insults has been incriminated to induce coronary artery spasm and/or atheromatous plaque erosion or rupture. A common pathway between allergic and non-allergic coronary syndromes seems to exist. Today, there is evidence that mast cells not only enter the culprit region before plaque erosion or rupture but they release their contents before an actual coronary episode. Kounis syndrome is the concurrence of acute coronary syndromes with conditions associated with mast cell activation including allergic or hypersensitivity and anaphylactic or anaphylactoid insults. It is caused by inflammatory mediators released through mast cell activation. Kounis syndrome, as consequence, of the above pathophysiologic association is regarded as nature's own experiment and magnificent natural paradigm showing novel way in an effort to prevent acute coronary syndromes. Drugs and natural molecules which stabilize mast cell membrane and monoclonal antibodies that protect mast cell surface could emerge as novel therapeutic modalities capable to prevent acute coronary and cerebrovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G Kounis
- Medical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Patras Highest Institute of Education and Technology, 7 Aratou Street, Queen Olgas Square, Patras 26221, Greece.
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Theoharides TC, Donelan J, Kandere-Grzybowska K, Konstantinidou A. The role of mast cells in migraine pathophysiology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 49:65-76. [PMID: 15960987 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2004.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2004] [Revised: 11/02/2004] [Accepted: 11/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells are critical players in allergic reactions, but they have also been shown to be important in immunity and recently also in inflammatory diseases, especially asthma. Migraines are episodic, typically unilateral, throbbing headaches that occur more frequently in patients with allergy and asthma implying involvement of meningeal and/or brain mast cells. These mast cells are located perivascularly, in close association with neurons especially in the dura, where they can be activated following trigeminal nerve, as well as cervical or sphenopalatine ganglion stimulation. Neuropeptides such as calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), hemokinin A, neurotensin (NT), pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide (PACAP), and substance P (SP) activate mast cells leading to secretion of vasoactive, pro-inflammatory, and neurosensitizing mediators, thereby contributing to migraine pathogenesis. Brain mast cells can also secrete pro-inflammatory and vasodilatory molecules such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), selectively in response to corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), a mediator of stress which is known to precipitate or exacerbate migraines. A better understanding of brain mast cell activation in migraines would be useful and could lead to several points of prophylactic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theoharis C Theoharides
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Tufts University School of Medicine and Tufts-New England Medical Center, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theoharis C Theoharides
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Tufts University School of Medicine and New England Medical Center, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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