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Soodi O, Hesari E, Hojjatifard R, Seyedifar M. Consumers' Willingness to Pay for Pharmacist Counselling Services and the Factors Affecting It in Community Pharmacies. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2023; 22:e132736. [PMID: 38116550 PMCID: PMC10728831 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-132736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Community pharmacists play an important role in improving outcome by providing advice and counselling services to patients. Objectives The aim of this study was to measure the willingness to pay (WTP) for pharmacist counselling services in community pharmacies and identify determinant factors on consumers' WTP. Methods A self-administered questionnaire-based survey was conducted in community pharmacies in Tehran (capital of Iran) from January 1, 2020 to February 20, 2021. Contingent valuation method was applied to evaluate respondents' maximum WTP using three hypothetical scenarios illustrating different levels of counselling services. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between different variables and WTP for pharmacy services. Results Total number of participants who completed the questionnaire were 332 and 60% of the participants were male. In the first scenario 70.2% of participants were willing to pay for oral counselling pharmacy services. In the second and third scenario, percentage of people willing to pay increased to 79.5%. and 86.1%, respectively. In the first scenario, monthly income (OR = 0.041, P value = 0.04), the duration of underlying illness (OR = 0.04, P value = 0.04) and the using internet (OR = 2.59, P value = 2.59) had a statistically significant relationship with willingness to pay. In the third scenario, the willingness to pay increased as the age decreased. The possibility of using the internet (OR = 3.32, P value = 0.00) and the need for a community pharmacist (OR = 2.19, P value = 0.03) increased the chance of willingness to pay. Conclusions More consumers are willing to pay for more pharmacist counselling services. Therefore, improving the quality of counselling services could have positive economic effects on community pharmacies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Soodi
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmaceutical Administration, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Hesari
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Hojjatifard
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmaceutical Administration, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meysam Seyedifar
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmaceutical Administration, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Management and Economic Research Center, the Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Adekunle OA, Olson AW, Schommer JC, Brown LM. Influence of patient-pharmacist relationship on willingness to accept pharmacist-provided services. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2022; 63:760-768.e1. [PMID: 36642668 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2022.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Willingness to accept various pharmacist-provided services such as health promotion and medication management is still considered low. Evidence suggests that patient experience and socio-demographics partially explain patient willingness to use pharmacy services. However, the influence of a patient's relationship with their pharmacist may provide additional explanatory power. OBJECTIVES The aims of the study were to [1] explore the willingness to accept pharmacy services across patients' relationship with pharmacists and [2] evaluate the association between the patient-pharmacist relationship and patients' willingness to accept pharmacist-provided services. METHODS A total of 1521 respondents' data on the types of patient-pharmacist relationships and willingness to accept dispensing, drug information, medication management, and health promotional services were collected from the 2021 National Consumer Survey on Medication Experience and Pharmacists' Role. Willingness scores across the groups were evaluated using chi-square and analysis of variance. Binary logistic regression was used to investigate the associations between patient-pharmacist relationships and willingness to accept pharmacist-provided services. RESULTS More respondents were "definitely willing" to accept dispensing services (68.5%) and drug information (68.3%), while 56.5% and 50.1% were "definitely willing" to accept health promotion and medication management services, respectively. While respondents with "customer" and "client" archetype relationships were definitely willing to accept the 4 categories of pharmacy services, the highest proportion of respondents definitely willing to accept the services was observed among those with "partner" archetype relationships. Willingness scores increased significantly across the archetype relationships. Respondents with a "partner" archetype relationship had the highest and most significant odds ratio of accepting all the categories of pharmacist-provided services. CONCLUSION Willingness to accept services from pharmacists increased as the level of the patient-pharmacist relationship grew. Patients in "partner" archetype relationship were significantly more likely to accept all categories of pharmacist-provided services. Pharmacists are encouraged to embrace the patient-pharmacist relationship continuum to optimize patient care.
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Park JY, Yuen J. Exploring patient willingness to pay for pharmacist-led clinical services in a primary care setting. Can Pharm J (Ott) 2022; 155:157-163. [PMID: 35519081 PMCID: PMC9067070 DOI: 10.1177/17151635221087193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Y. Park
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jamie Yuen
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Chelghoum M, Khitri W, Kadouri F, Chaouche K. A pilot study to assess the need for new hospital pharmaceutical services in Algerian patients and physicians’ perspective. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/jphsr/rmab042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The objective of this study was to assess the needs for pharmaceutical services from the perspectives of physicians and patients in the hospital setting and to contribute to the implementation of new hospital pharmacy activities.
Methods
A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among the doctors and patients encountered in hospital departments in Sidi Bel Abbès (Algeria); each service was evaluated using a Likert scale. Associated characteristics with an important need were evaluated by univariate analysis and binary logistic regression.
Key findings
All pharmaceutical services were important to the patients, particularly providing treatment advice and therapeutic education. Women presented an important need for insurance of the availability of pharmaceutical products (P = 0.02) and lifestyle and dietetic information (P = 0.05). High frequency of taking medication was associated with an important need for information about drug interactions (P = 0.005). Patient-oriented pharmaceutical services were not important to the physicians who considered drug information and therapeutic education to be the most important need.
Conclusions
To implement patient-centred services, it is important to improve the contact between pharmacists and physicians and to provide information about pharmaceutical services that can benefit patients. Implementation of new practices in university hospital is more feasible than in public health facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Chelghoum
- Faculty of Medicine of Sidi Bel Abbes, University of Djillali Liabes, Sidi Bel Abbes, Algeria
| | - Walid Khitri
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oran 1, Oran, Algeria
| | - Feriel Kadouri
- Faculty of Medicine of Sidi Bel Abbes, University of Djillali Liabes, Sidi Bel Abbes, Algeria
| | - Khedra Chaouche
- Faculty of Medicine of Sidi Bel Abbes, University of Djillali Liabes, Sidi Bel Abbes, Algeria
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Community pharmacists' perspectives about the sustainability of professional pharmacy services: A qualitative study. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2020; 61:181-190. [PMID: 33262025 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pharmacists have been increasing patient-focused care through the implementation and provision of professional services. However, there is a lack of evidence on how to achieve long-term sustainability of the service once it is implemented. A framework identifying the factors affecting the sustainability of professional pharmacy services was developed. The objectives of this study were to explore the experiences of community pharmacists providing professional services to contextualize and assess the applicability in practice of the sustainability framework. METHODS A qualitative study was undertaken across Australia. Community pharmacists were identified using snowball sampling. Data were collected through semistructured interviews. Eighteen interviews were conducted and analyzed using framework methodology in NVivo 12 (QSR International). RESULTS A range of major sustainability factors was identified and organized in social, economic, and environmental domains. In the social domain, most of the interviewees stated the importance of motivating staff to increase service promotion and patients' demand. Most of the participants emphasized that having an adequate number of trained staff is required to enhance and maintain services over time. The perceived reluctance of some patients to spend more time than usual at the community pharmacy was another factor highlighted as affecting service sustainability. In the economic domain, the concern about lack of remuneration for service provision was highlighted by most of the interviewees. Having economic support was seen as essential for achieving sustainable services. In the environmental domain, the necessity of government recognition of the pharmacists' role and value to the health care system was identified as a new key sustainability driver. CONCLUSION The applicability of the framework for the sustainability of professional services was evaluated in practice. The identified factors will guide pharmacists to maintain implemented services and achieve their sustainability. Future research should focus on designing a tool to measure the sustainability of pharmacy services.
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AlShayban DM, Naqvi AA, Islam MA, Almaskeen M, Almulla A, Alali M, AlQaroos A, Raafat M, Iqbal MS, Haseeb A. Patient Satisfaction and Their Willingness to Pay for a Pharmacist Counseling Session in Hospital and Community Pharmacies in Saudi Healthcare Settings. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:138. [PMID: 32194400 PMCID: PMC7061856 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Patient satisfaction is an indicator for quality of healthcare service and is sometimes linked to patients’ willingness to pay. Willingness to pay is an economic method for estimating patient’s inclination for a service in monetary terms. This study assessed satisfaction of patients from pharmacist counseling service and estimated their willing to pay for the same. Methods A month-long survey was conducted in community and hospital pharmacies located in Khobar, Dammam, and Qatif cities of Saudi Arabia, using Arabic version of Patient Satisfaction Feedback (PSF) questionnaire that measured satisfaction with counseling as well as willingness-to-pay. Convenient sampling method was used, and sample size was calculated based on power analysis. Data was analyzed through SPSS version 23. Chi-square (χ2) test and logistic regression analyses were conducted to report associations between variables and, determinants of satisfaction as well as willingness to pay respectively. The study was approved by concerned ethical committee (IRB-2019-05-020). Results Patients (n = 531) with previous counseling experience were more likely to be satisfied [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 5.2, p < 0.05]. Patients were more willing to pay if, they had an income above SAR 10,000 i.e., USD 2666.5 (AOR 1.78, p < 0.05), were satisfied with counseling time duration (AOR 4.5) and, were able to get counseling without difficulty (AOR 2.1, p < 0.05). Patients were more likely to be satisfied and were willing to pay if, they received required knowledge/information completely (AOR 2.5, 3.7, and p < 0.05) and found pharmacist helpful (AOR 1, 4.5, and p < 0.05). Most patients (43.9%) were satisfied with pharmacist counseling and average satisfaction rating was 7.87 ± 1.99/10. Conclusion Patients considered counseling as an important service and were satisfied from it. Less than a third of patients were willing to pay for the service. Knowledge and helpfulness of pharmacist were identified as two major determinants that could not only satisfy and but also promote willingness to pay for the service. A pharmacist with skills in pharmaceutical care and counseling could be useful in promoting the service and making it profitable for pharmacy business.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhfer Mahdi AlShayban
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atta Abbas Naqvi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Ashraful Islam
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Almaskeen
- College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Almulla
- College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhab Alali
- College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah AlQaroos
- College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Raafat
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Shahid Iqbal
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Haseeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Naqvi AA, Hassali MA, Naqvi SBS, Aftab MT, Zehra F, Nadir MN, Jahangir A, Kachela B. Assessment of patient satisfaction following pharmacist counselling session by a novel patient satisfaction feedback on counselling questionnaire. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jphs.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atta Abbas Naqvi
- Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia Penang Malaysia
| | - Mohamed Azmi Hassali
- Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia Penang Malaysia
| | | | - Muhammad Tariq Aftab
- Department of Pharmacology College of Medicine Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Dammam Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatima Zehra
- Department of Social Sciences Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology (SZABIST) Karachi Pakistan
| | | | - Amnah Jahangir
- Department of Pharmacy Ziauddin Hospital Karachi Pakistan
| | - Bharti Kachela
- Department of Medical Affairs OBS Pakistan Private Limited Karachi Pakistan
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Kang J, Rhew K, Oh JM, Han N, Lee IH, Je NK, Ji E, Lee E, Yoon JH, Rhie SJ. Satisfaction and expressed needs of pharmaceutical care services and challenges recognized by patients in South Korea. Patient Prefer Adherence 2017; 11:1381-1388. [PMID: 28860721 PMCID: PMC5565375 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s141562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the degree of satisfaction and expressed needs of pharmaceutical care services in patients with chronic diseases and explore the factors related to the needs from patients' perspectives for the further development of pharmaceutical care service models. PATIENTS AND METHODS A cross-sectional survey of 220 patients (mean age ± SD: 61.3±13.1, male:female: 104:116) was conducted. The questionnaire was structured to measure patients' degree of satisfaction and expressed needs using a 5-point Likert scale. Additionally, preferred duration, methods of service delivery, and willingness to pay were surveyed. Responses were analyzed using an ordinal regression method to predict factors that were related to pharmaceutical care services. RESULTS Sixty-seven patients had experienced pharmaceutical care services. Their satisfaction levels were high in all categories; however, there were no significant differences between categories. The levels of expressed needs were similar among categories without significant differences. The preferred delivery method was a face-to-face conversation combined with being provided with written information (53.2%). The preferred duration was ≤10 min (70.5%). About 48% of the patients showed willingness to pay for the service. Education level and region influenced patients' needs. CONCLUSION The satisfaction and needs of pharmaceutical care services was very positive; however, noticing only a third of patients experienced pharmaceutical care services, this may indicate a lack of awareness and less appreciation of pharmacists by patients. Details concerning patients' awareness and the value of pharmaceutical care services require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- JiEun Kang
- Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate School, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacy, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiyon Rhew
- College of Pharmacy, Dongduk Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Mi Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - NaYoung Han
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Iyn-Hyang Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Kyung Je
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhee Ji
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Euni Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyun Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Jeong-Hyun Yoon, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro, 63 beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea, Tel +82 10 5534 3775, Fax +82 51 513 6754, Email
| | - Sandy Jeong Rhie
- Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate School, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: Sandy Jeong Rhie, Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate School and College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea, Tel +82 10 3371 3882, Fax +82 2 3277 2851, Email
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Sriram D, McManus A, Emmerton L, Jiwa M. Will Australians pay for health care advice from a community pharmacist? A video vignette study. Res Social Adm Pharm 2015; 11:579-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Singleton JA, Nissen LM. Future-proofing the pharmacy profession in a hypercompetitive market. Res Social Adm Pharm 2014; 10:459-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Patients' perceptions of a pharmacist-managed weight management clinic in a community setting. Res Social Adm Pharm 2012; 9:129-36. [PMID: 22695218 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Revised: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been many studies demonstrating patients' willingness to pay for medication therapy management services provided by pharmacists. There are few studies, however, evaluating the possible provision of a weight management service in the community pharmacy setting. OBJECTIVES The objectives were to (1) determine patients' knowledge of obesity and its resultant health risks, (2) determine patients' beliefs about obesity, (3) determine interest in pharmacist-delivered weight management services, and (4) identify factors associated with knowledge, beliefs, and interest in obesity and/or weight management services. METHODS One thousand patients were selected from 5 community pharmacies under a single chain located within a large metropolitan area to receive a mail survey. Survey items assessed patients' knowledge of obesity and the health risks associated with it by using the Obesity Risks Knowledge Scale and the Obesity Beliefs Scale. Additional survey questions were added to measure patients' willingness to pay for a pharmacist-managed weight management clinic. Descriptive statistics and linear regression models were used in analysis of the data. RESULTS Nearly two-thirds (62%) of respondents were classified as overweight or obese based on self-reported height and weight. Most of the respondents demonstrated an average level knowledge regarding the health risks associated with obesity. Attitudes toward obesity were commensurate with prevailing knowledge. Only a small proportion (13%) of respondents were willing to pay out of pocket for a pharmacist-delivered weight management service. Very little variance in knowledge, beliefs, or interest in pharmacist-delivered weight management services were identified. CONCLUSIONS Despite the fact that patients are aware of the health risks associated with obesity and believe it is healthier to maintain ideal body weight, most are not doing so. Additionally, most patients are not willing to pay for pharmacist-delivered weight management services. The findings can begin to assist pharmacists in developing strategies for implementation of weight management services.
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Hanna A, White L, Yanamandram V. Patients' willingness to pay for diabetes disease state management services in Australian community pharmacies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND HEALTHCARE MARKETING 2010. [DOI: 10.1108/17506121011095191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Shafie AA, Hassali MA. Willingness to pay for a pharmacist's dispensing service: a cross-sectional pilot study in the state of Penang, Malaysia. Pharm Pract (Granada) 2010; 8:116-21. [PMID: 25132879 PMCID: PMC4133065 DOI: 10.4321/s1886-36552010000200006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2009] [Accepted: 03/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this pilot study was to assess the value of the dispensing service of pharmacists from the general public’s perspective using the contingent valuation technique in the State of Penang, Malaysia. Methods Participants were conveniently sampled from malls and were given a self-completed questionnaire that collected the patient’s demographic information and their knowledge about the pharmacist’s dispensing service. They were then presented with a description of the pharmacist’s dispensing service, the risk of medication errors in prescriptions and their consequences, and the risk reduction of medication errors associated with pharmacist intervention. The willingness to pay (WTP) of the participants was later assessed using a contingent valuation interview that asked the likelihood and maximum amount they were willing to pay. Results In the study, 100 people participated, and 57% were aged between 18 and 35 years. Of these participants, 51% were women, and 46% of them earned more than 1000 MYR (285.71USD) per month. In addition, 8% of the participants had never visited a community pharmacy. Finally, 67% of the participants were willing to pay for the pharmacists’ dispensing service, and the median amount that the participants were willing to pay was 10 MYR (2.86USD). The WTP amount was moderately correlated with their knowledge of the community pharmacist’s dispensing services (r=0.377, p=0.02). Conclusion Generally, the public valued the pharmacist’s dispensing service. Their acceptance can be further improved by educating the public on the role of the pharmacist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asrul A Shafie
- Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia , Penang ( Malaysia )
| | - Mohamed A Hassali
- Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia . Penang ( Malaysia )
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Schuh MJ, Droege M. Cognitive Services Provided by Pharmacists: Is the Public Willing to Pay for Them? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 23:223-30. [DOI: 10.4140/tcp.n.2008.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Udeogaranya PO, Ukwe CV, Ekwunife OI. Assessment of attitudes of University of Nigeria pharmacy students toward pharmaceutical care. Pharm Pract (Granada) 2009; 7:145-9. [PMID: 25143791 PMCID: PMC4139045 DOI: 10.4321/s1886-36552009000300003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2009] [Accepted: 07/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe the attitude of University of Nigeria pharmacy students towards pharmaceutical care. Method: A survey of pharmacy students in their second to fifth year was conducted. A modified 13-item standard Pharmaceutical Care Attitudes Survey (PCAS) was used for the study. Reliability and factorial validity of the modified instrument were assessed. Results: Modification of the instrument did not alter its validity. Students of the University of Nigeria had a positive attitude towards pharmaceutical care as attitude score of all the items were above the midpoint score of 2.5. The mean scale score of second and third year students were significantly lower than that of the fifth year’s (Oneway ANOVA, p<0.001). Females had a higher positive attitude score compared to male students (Students t-test, p=0.005). There was no significant difference in the mean scale score among those that had work experience and those without work experience. Marital status did not influence attitude score. Conclusion: University of Nigeria pharmacy students had a positive attitude towards pharmaceutical care. However, it is necessary to provide sites were students could acquire practice experience and these sites should be designed to enable students observe the integration of pharmaceutical care activities into pharmacy practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick O Udeogaranya
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria . Nsukka ( Nigeria )
| | - Chinwe V Ukwe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria . Nsukka ( Nigeria )
| | - Obinna I Ekwunife
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria . Nsukka ( Nigeria )
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Law AV, Qkamoto MP, Brock K. Perceptions of Medicare Part D enrollees about pharmacists and their role as providers of medication therapy management. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2008; 48:648-53. [DOI: 10.1331/japha.2008.07084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Franic DM, Tucker LT, Haddock SM. Pharmaceutical Care: What's in a Name? A Qualitative Analysis of Patient Perceptions of Pharmacy Practice. J Pharm Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1177/875512250802400402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pharmaceutical care has been integrated into the mission statement of every major pharmacy school and the profession of pharmacy in the US. Objective: To evaluate patients' awareness and understanding of pharmacy practice, pharmacy services, and pharmaceutical care. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving completion of a self-administered questionnaire by participants frequenting community pharmacies (independent, chain, discount, and grocery) in Georgia. Content analyses were performed to assess participants' knowledge and perception of available pharmacy services and pharmaceutical care. Results: Approximately half of the study participants were unfamiliar with pharmaceutical care despite its integration into pharmacy education. One percent described pharmaceutical care as the compounding phase of pharmacy, 2% described it as the early clinical practice model, 45.3% equated pharmaceutical care with dispensing (ie, the “professional shopkeeper”), and approximately 52% described pharmaceutical care accurately. Forty-three percent described at least one of the subcomponents of basic pharmaceutical care (ie, pharmacist commitment, definite outcomes, or process of care [eg, counseling, drug utilization review]) and 8% described true or enhanced pharmaceutical care (ie, quality of life). Conclusions: The practice of pharmaceutical care is not widely understood by patients. Furthermore, many patients were unaware of the cognitive and clinical services that pharmacists provide. In the future, we expect the pharmacy profession to educate not only its pharmacists, but also its patients, about pharmaceutical care. Patients may not be seeking or demanding available services from their pharmacists because they are uninformed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duska M Franic
- DUSKA M FRANIC PharmD PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Leslie Tootle Tucker
- LESLIE TOOTLE TUCKER PharmD, at time of study, PharmD Student, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens; now, Pharmacist, Evans Memorial Hospital, Claxton, GA
| | - Sarah M Haddock
- SARAH M HADDOCK PharmD, at time of study, PharmD Student, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens; now, Assistant Manager, Publix Pharmacy, Macon, GA
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Doucette WR, Witry MJ, Alkhateeb F, Farris KB, Urmie JM. Attitudes of Medicare beneficiaries toward pharmacist-provided medication therapy management activities as part of the Medicare Part D benefit. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2007; 47:758-62. [PMID: 18032140 DOI: 10.1331/japha.2007.07041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Pinto SL, Lively BT, Siganga W, Holiday-Goodman M, Kamm G. Using the Health Belief Model to test factors affecting patient retention in diabetes-related pharmaceutical care services. Res Social Adm Pharm 2007; 2:38-58. [PMID: 17138500 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2005.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2005] [Revised: 11/30/2005] [Accepted: 11/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is one of the deadliest and most costly diseases. Attrition rates among patients in diabetes management programs may preclude optimal success. Theoretical models, such as the Health Belief Model, may be useful for identifying factors responsible for patients' continued enrollment in such programs. OBJECTIVES (1) To design and test a reliable and valid survey instrument for assessing patients' perceptions of diabetes-related pharmaceutical care services. (2) To determine factors affecting patient retention in pharmaceutical care services. METHODS This cross-sectional exploratory study used convenience sampling to survey type 1 and 2 diabetes patients receiving pharmaceutical care at 25 Eckerd Pharmacy sites in Florida. Survey items were designed using constructs from the Health Belief Model. Reliability (Cronbach's alpha) and validity (exploratory factor analysis) were assessed. Independent t tests, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis were conducted. RESULTS Seventy usable surveys were returned (47%). In the absence of pharmaceutical care, patients felt susceptible to at least one of 8 diabetes-related conditions (hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, diabetic foot infections, eye problems, cardiovascular risks, blood pressure problems, cholesterol problems, and kidney diseases). For these conditions, about 48% to 95% of patients perceived that their threat had reduced because of pharmaceutical care. Accordingly, more than half perceived the services as beneficial, with counseling for blood sugar monitoring rated as the most beneficial. All respondents rated the services as helpful, and 64 intended to continue regular utilization. Overall helpfulness of the service and patient retention were positively correlated (r=0.33, P<.00). Perceived susceptibility predicted perceived threat reduction (R(2)=0.22, P<.01). Perceived threat reduction, blood sugar monitoring, and overall helpfulness of the service predicted patient retention in the service (R(2)=0.41, P<.00). Factor analysis extracted 4 factors: perceived threat reduction, perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits, and blood sugar monitoring. Cronbach's alphas for the scales ranged from 0.63 to 0.91. CONCLUSION Two key constructs of the Health Belief Model influence use of diabetes-related pharmaceutical care services: perceived susceptibility and threat reduction. In an effort to increase patient retention, pharmacists need to assess patient perceptions and structure their services to address patient perceptions and concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharrel L Pinto
- Pharmacy Health Care Administration, University of Toledo College of Pharmacy, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
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20
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Barner JC, Branvold A. Patients' willingness to pay for pharmacist-provided menopause and hormone replacement therapy consultations. Res Social Adm Pharm 2007; 1:77-100. [PMID: 17138467 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2004.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine what women would be willing to pay for pharmacist-provided menopause and hormone replacement therapy consultations and the relationship between willingness to pay (WTP) and patients' perceptions of importance of resolving menopausal symptoms, their satisfaction with physician services, their perceptions of pharmacists' abilities, and income. METHODOLOGY A convenience sample of 203 adult women using medications to treat menopause was recruited by their pharmacists. A self-administered survey was used to address the study objectives. The contingent valuation method was used to assess WTP in 4 scenarios (ie, 50% and 100% improvement in symptoms after a half-hour initial and a half-hour follow-up visit, respectively). Logistic regression analyses were used to assess the relationship between WTP and the independent variables. RESULTS Two hundred and three surveys were returned resulting in a response rate of 41%. Across all 4 scenarios, at least 85% of women surveyed were willing to pay a minimum of 20 US dollars for pharmacist-provided menopause and hormone replacement therapy services. Respondents were willing to pay a median of 40 US dollars (for both 50% and 100% improvement) per half-hour for initial consultations, and 20 US dollars and 40 US dollars (50% and 100% improvement, respectively) per half-hour for follow-up consultations. Regression analyses revealed that across all 4 scenarios, patients' perceptions of pharmacists' abilities and income were significantly and positively (P < .05) related to WTP for menopause and hormone replacement therapy counseling. CONCLUSION This study showed that most women surveyed were willing to pay for pharmacist-provided hormone replacement therapy and menopause counseling services and that the WTP amounts increased as patients' perceptions of pharmacists' abilities and income increased. If pharmacists can effectively educate the public about their capabilities and expertise, they may discover that they have a new niche opportunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie C Barner
- The University of Texas at Austin, Center for Pharmacoeconomic Studies and Pharmacy Administration Division, PHAR-PHARMACY ADMIN, Austin, TX 78712-0127, USA.
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21
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Daftary MN, Lee E, Dutta AP, Olagundoye A, Xue ZE. Patients' Willingness to Pay for Cognitive Pharmacy Services in Ambulatory Care Settings in the USA. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE AND RESEARCH 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/jppr2003334265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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22
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Millonig MK, Jackson TL, Ellis WM. Improving medication use through pharmacists' access to patient-specific health care information. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION (WASHINGTON, D.C. : 1996) 2002; 42:638-45. [PMID: 12150362 DOI: 10.1331/108658002763029616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review and discuss the importance of pharmacists having access to patient-specific health care information in order to provide pharmaceutical care. DATA SOURCES Articles identified through searches of MEDLINE and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts using the following key words: information, decision making, and pharmacist. STUDY SELECTION English-language articles were evaluated for inclusion. DATA SYNTHESIS Pharmacists have demonstrated their ability to positively affect patient outcomes related to medication use, including reducing patients' risk for medication-related adverse effects. CONCLUSION Pharmacists, with proper access to patient-specific health care information, can reduce patients' risk for medication-related problems and improve the quality of their health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marsha K Millonig
- Healthcare Distribution Management Association Healthcare Foundation, Reston, VA., USA
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MacKinnon GE, Mahrous H. Assessing consumers' interest in health care services offered in community pharmacies. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION (WASHINGTON, D.C. : 1996) 2002; 42:512-5. [PMID: 12035762 DOI: 10.1331/108658002763316969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George E MacKinnon
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University-Glendale, Ariz. 85308, USA.
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Zillich AJ, Blumenschein K. Payment for pharmaceutical care? JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION (WASHINGTON, D.C. : 1996) 2001; 41:4-5. [PMID: 11216110 DOI: 10.1016/s1086-5802(16)31216-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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25
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Suh DC. Consumers' willingness to pay for pharmacy services that reduce risk of medication-related problems. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION (WASHINGTON, D.C. : 1996) 2000; 40:818-27. [PMID: 11111362 DOI: 10.1016/s1086-5802(16)31129-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure willingness to pay (WTP) for pharmacists' services directed toward reducing the risk of medication-related problems and to determine factors that have a significant influence on WTP. DESIGN WTP was measured using a contingent valuation method that involved asking respondents about their maximum WTP for pharmacists' services using a self-administered questionnaire. Respondents' WTP through ex post (out of pocket) and ex ante (insurance premium) methods were measured using three hypothetical scenarios illustrating reductions in the risk of medication-related problems. Logistic regression and semilog regression were performed to evaluate the responses to the survey. SETTING Outpatient clinic of Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital and two physician offices located in New Jersey. PARTICIPANTS A convenience sample of 316 patients and/or family members, who visited the study site between March 1 and September 15, 1999, were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Amounts patients were willing to pay out of pocket or through insurance premiums for pharmacists' services. RESULTS The mean WTP out of pocket for pharmacy services ranged from $4.02 to $5.48 per prescription, depending on the level of risk reduction. Mean WTP through an increased insurance premium ranged from $28.79 to $36.29 per year. Overall, the average WTP for a pharmacist's consultation was $5.57, and WTP increased by $0.87 as counseling time increased by 1 minute. WTP was sensitive to changes in the magnitude of risk reduction in both ex post and ex ante scenarios. Income was positively related to WTP, but not to the level of statistical significance. CONCLUSION Respondents were willing to pay for pharmacists' services that reduce the risk of medication-related problems. Additional investigations to determine the factors that influence WTP for health care professionals' services are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Suh
- College of Pharmacy, Rutgers-State University of New Jersey, Piscataway 08854, USA.
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